ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering
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PREDICTION OF WELL BEHAVIOR USING WELL DELIVERABILITY ANALYSIS
No full textIn operating geothermal field, the thing to note is the sustainable production as well as problems that affect it. The problem that often occurs in the geothermal field is scale, corrosion and mechanical problems. One technique that can be used to predict the problems that occur around the bottom hole to the surface is using the well deliverability analysis method. Analysis is done by data and curve interpretation of deliverability curve based on Grant experiment. This study take data from several wells in two Geothermal Field in Indonesia. From the analysis, well A, D and F show production decline The deliverability curve of well A shows the production decline for about 60 – 85%, it is caused by moving of the flashing point, it shows from the increasing of dryness value from 7-14% in 1997 become 13-15% in 2010. The deliverability curve of well D shows the production decline for about 50%, it is caused by declining of reservoir pressure that can be seen from the decreasing of feed zone pressure in 1997 is 27 bar and in 2010 is 20 bar. The deliverability curve of well F shows the production decline for about 29%, it is caused by moving of the flashing point
INFLUENCE OF EFFECTIVE SIZE AND LEVEL OF SUPERNATANT LAYER IN SLOW SAND FILTER PERFORMANCE
Get PDFSlow sand filtration has been admitted as an old method of water treatment and has been widely used in the world. This type of sand filter is prominent in its simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness. The term effectiveness refers to the performance on removing particulate matter and microorganisms. There are some significant factors should be considered in the system of slow sand filtration, such as grain size distribution of media, sand type, bed depth, operation mode of filter, and filtration rate. This study focuses on the influence of different effective size of media and operation mode in slow sand filtration especially on removing turbidity. Grain size distribution is represented by the effective size (d10) and uniformity coefficient (Cu). In regard to the operation mode, both sizes were operated under intermittent operation mode and were compared in two different level of supernatant layer: decreasing level and constant level. Laboratory scale experiments were conducted using four filter columns. Two filter columns were filled up with Rhein sand in different effective size of d10 0.075 mm and d10 0.50 mm. Uniformity coefficient Cu 2.5 and curvature coefficient Cc 1 were the same for both d10. Every column was fed with the same concentration of artificial raw water. The artificial raw water was created from Heilerde (clay from Germany) which passed 0.063 mm sieve opening mixed with tap water. Fine grain size tends to be easier to be controlled in regard to filtration rate, and vice versa for the coarse grain size. Surprisingly, the coarse grain size was able to remove turbidity as good as the fine grain size. Permeability of column was also tested and it decreased along with the addition of Heilerde
UJI EKSPERIMENTAL SEMEN PAPAN PARTIKEL BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH FLY ASH BATU APUNG SEBAGAI BAHAN PEREDAM SUARA
No full textBy the development in technology especially in architecture and industry with its noise activity, encourage us to do some efforts to solve noise problem. One might done is utilize pumice as noise absorber. Raw material used in this reaserch is pumice ash. Mixing compotsition variation between cement composition, pumice ash as sand subtitution, with comparison mixing composition at 1 : 6 (1 cemen : 6 ash), 1 : 8 (1 cement : 8 ash :), 1 : 10 (1 cement : 10 ash). Sound absorbtion coefisien are measured by standing wave tube apparatus. The result of the research indicates that mixing composition affects the sound absorbtion coefisien. Reaserch shows taht 1 : 6, 1 :8 and 1 : 10 sound absorbtion coefisien which is 0.96, 0,86 and 0.89 in 8000 Hz frequency. Comparison at 1 : 6, 1 : 8 and 1 : 10 (cement : sand ) has the best absorbtion coefisien at comparation 1 : 10 which is 0.98 with 4000 Hz frequency (middle level frequency)
DESAIN SISTEM INSTRUMENTASI PROSES DISTILASI FRAKSINASI BATCH BERBASIS KENDALI SUHU
Get PDFDistillation column is a column that is widely used in both large industry and small and medium industries. Use of distalasi column on small and medium industries such as the distillation of essential oils. In the subsequent use of the distillation column used for purification or further process to obtain a higher quality product in the form of multstage distillation. In the process of multistages distillation, temperature is an important component in the process, because of that controls the temperature has an important role. Temperature controllers available today are manual, which causes frequent inaccuracy of the distillation process, resulting in low product quality. Therefore automatic temperature control is required.In this thesis, instrumentation system of fractionation distillation process based of temperature control are designed. The design process notice the six important point temperature in the distillation process, using a thermocouple as a temperature sensor, and LM35 as the cold junction temperature, the 6218 USB as Data Acquisition Board, and the software LABVIEW 2010.The instrumentation system programming, displays the temperature from time to time at intervals of one second, the temperature statistics (min, max and average) as well as measurement results table. The program also features a choice (shaped slider) to set the temperature for a flexible batch process. The response characteristics of the instrumentation system is less than one second, both in displaying measured data, response indicator, display graphs, and data tables. The instrumentation system is also designed to regulate the flow rate of the cooling water and container replacement indicator for each product distillation
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI BATU APUNG UNTUK PEMBUATAN BATU HIAS BANGUNAN
Get PDFMining and processing activities have caused pumice deposits of waste. Waste from industrial processing of pumice is used as an innovation to increase the value of the waste and then profits will be obtained. One of the examples is making them as decorative stones.Raw materials used in this study are industrial waste pumice from Lombok, with the size less than 2 cm. The machine used as a fine aggregate pumice waste destruction is a crusher. Variations of the composition of the mixed mortar are made from white cement, powdered pumice waste as fine aggregate, and water. Variation is the comparison between the composition of the mixture of white portland cement (pc) and fine aggregate from pumice waste (Ag.h) with comparisons 1Pc: 2Ag.h, 1Pc: 4Ag.h, 1Pc: 6Ag.h, 1Pc: 8Ag.h and 1Pc: 10Ag.h. Tests are conducted to determine the characteristics of fine aggregate made from pumice waste, while the mortar test includes compressive strength, flexural strength, specific gravity and water absorption.The results show that the fine aggregate made from pumice industrial waste materials has the following characteristics : modulus of fine grains is 2.61, specific gravity is 1.67, absorption of water is 23.08%, mud content is 26.10%, and weight lose unit is 0.537 gr/cm3. On the mortar test, mixed variations affect the compressive strength, flexural strength, specific gravity and water absorption. The test results find that the variation of a mixture of 1 pc: 2 Ag.h has characteristics of natural stone that is the closest to the gravity of 262 gr/cm and with 3,11 813 MPa in compressive strength, 0344 MPa in flexural strength, and 19.93% in water absorption value. Variation of a mixture of 1 pc: 2 Ag.h has also been tested in the manufacture of decorative stones and the results can have the similar look with the natural stone
ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI DAN PEMURNIAN SENYAWA 1,8 SINEOL MINYAK KAYU PUTIH (Malaleuca leucadendron)
Get PDFCajuput oil is one of the essential oils that widely used as materials for medical or pharmaceutical products, this makes the cajuput oil become the most wanted products in essential oils industries. Cajuput oil demand is currently increasing with the growing variety of utilization of cajuput oil. Cajuput oil productions in Indonesia run into fluctuations and tend to decrease. There are several factors that affect production and quality of cajuput oil, and one of them is distillation technique. Moreover fractionation or isolation of the 1,8-cineol compound also have not been done by the cajuput oil entrepreneurs, whereas this is important in order to use 1.8 cineol compound further.Distillation of cajuput leaves is done by three distillation methods, namely water distillation, water steam distillation and steam distillation. Calculating the yield after cajuput oil obtained and then testing the physical and chemical properties of cajuput oil in accordance with the Indonesia National Standard (SNI 06-3954-2006). And then doing fractionation of cajuput oil to obtain at least 85% 1,8 Cineol compound. The results showed that water steam distillation method produces the highest yield, the yield is 2.5%, followed by water distillation method, the yield is 1.8% and then steam distillation method, the yield is 1.5%. Physical and chemical properties that exist on cajuput oil that produced by water and steam distillation method and steam distillation method are appropriate with the Indonesia National Standard. After doing fractination processes for two time, the fractination process produced 1.8 cineol compound 79.90% in first fraction, 87.90% at second fraction and then 89.78% at third fraction
THE UTILIZATION OF SEA WATER IN A ESPECIALLY DESIGNED BATTERY (SABRINE SWALL BATTERY)
Get PDFoai:jurnal.ugm.ac.id:article/2346Batteries are chemical devices to save electricity. device capable of generating a DC voltage, ie by converting chemical energy contained in it into electrical energy through the reaction of electro clams, Redox (Reduction - Oxidation). The battery consists of several cells, these cells become energy storage in the form of chemical energy. Negative electrode called the cathode, which serve as electron donors. Positive electrode called the anode which serves as an electron acceptor. Between the anode and the cathode current will flow from the positive pole (anode) to the negative pole (cathode). While the electrons will flow from ktoda toward the anode.In this study, the batteries are designed to use sea water as electrolyte. Voltage measured for one cell is 0,75 Volt and measurable current of 100mA, to get the required voltage is 10 Volts 15 cells arranged in series. Testing is done by loading a flashlight with 5 LED, the results of this special design battery capable of powering 5 LED for seven days without stopping, this suggests that there are large energy stored in batteries. After charging the battery energy runs out of energy again just by replacing the sea water as electrolyte. These batteries are designed to be placed in the beach area and waterfront, it is intended that the sea water needs as the electrolyte can be easily obtained. The especially designed battery is one of the low technology and easy to be made, because the necessary materials readily available in the manufacture of batteries, the battery does not require extra maintenance, environmentally friendly and can be used for twenty-four hours as long as there is sea water
MICROCONTROLLER BASED HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) MONITORING IN BIOGAS SYSTEM
Get PDFEnergy issue, particularly related to fossil fuel, is one the main issues today. Biogas is a new and renewable energy issued in National Research Agenda (ARN) 2010-2014 to overcome the energy crisis problem. A so called purification process is used to remove contaminants in biogas, including H2S in order to improve the standard requirement of biogas application. In this research, H2S concentration in biogas system is measured and monitored by H2S monitoring system.The hardware system comprises of piping and microcontroller AVR 8535 systems while the software system comprises of codes written in Delphi 7.0 and Code Vision AVR Eval. The result of the system is displayed on LCD or computer to enable the monitoring process by operator. The monitoring of H2S sensor responses will be carried out for recycled BFA size of 60+100 mesh and -200 mesh.Experiment has been conducted for sensor warming up time and response time for H2S and CH4 sensor, calibration process for H2S sensor and filter column. Based on sensor calibration experiment, transfer function of TGS825 sensor from calibration is y = 0.0203x + 27.153. The best adsorption model which represents BFA adsorption of biogas from tofu waste in the research is Thomas model
URBAN WATERFRONT SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT WITHIN LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS Case: South European Cities
Get PDFThis research develops a monitoring tool for urban plan-process based on Life Cycle Analysis by Lourenço. A special project of urban waterfront revitalization is proposed as a contribution to legitimize the LCA model. This research also proposes the influence and the success key factors of its behavior plan-process.The model is tested through benchmarking for six waterfront cities in South Europe. Bilbao in Spain, Genoa in Italy, and Lisbon in Portugal are considered as the success projects since the urban strategy has a strong link with the urban waterfront area notified by the high intensity of the cycle for each phase. Porto and Viana do Castelo in Portugal are considered as the success projects which have a similar behavior for the action and living phase which might be due to the same project under national policy and the projects touch economic and social opportunity of the people. Aveiro in Portugal shows rupture in the beginning, followed by high intensity in the next period which has similar behavior with ideal behavior of LCA model.This research shows the applicability of LCA Model to monitor waterfront revitalization projects and enables the discussion of conceptual issues related to the legitimizing of LCA and the present contribution. The behavior of urban waterfront area and the time dimension can be monitored and the influenced factors of the behavior can be noticed with the success key factors, those are: Planning: does the urban waterfront become the focus of the city planning? Action: does the project persistence in the design proposal? andLiving: does the urban waterfront touch social, culture and economic of the people activities?
DESIGN OF A PROTOTYPE HYDRO COIL TURBINE APPLIED AS MICRO HYDRO SOLUTION
Get PDFThis study deals with the effort to release new revolution of renewable energy concept. Key issue in generating hydro power from low head, low flow sources until now has been impractical, expensive in efficient and complex technology. The idea of using Hydro Coil instead of turbine gives an economic advantage that it is relatively cheaper. The apparatus allows us to exploit sides that would not be practical at all for conventional small hydroelectric power.Hydro Coil turbine in experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested. The turbine includes 4 inches acrylic with ribbon-like curved shape insert, which present a gradual curve of approximately 70 degrees from the axial flow of water progressing to a tightly curved angle perpendicular to the flow of water at the exit point. The gradual curve is used to reducing the axial velocity of water, thereby further as consequence of transfer energy from water to ribbon, thus the central axle and ribbon rotated. This rotation is initiated at the low frequency coil, with energy incrementally transferred as water, hitting the low frequency coil, turning the ribbon slowly, progressing gradually to higher frequency, tight coil where maximal energy to the transfer occurs.Characteristics and efficiency of Hydro Coil turbine can be identified after laboratory experimental already finished. Turbine efficiency in 92.93% of this prototype exceeds expectation in the experiments. It thus demonstrates the promising potential of Hydro Coil technology to extract power from incoming water flow in low head sources