Jurnal Fisika Unand
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Generational Climate Engagement in Liquid Modernity: Eco-Anxiety, Environmental Activism and Pro-Environmental Behavior Among Older Adults in Spain
No full textGenerational approaches to climate engagement among older adults remain limited. This study examines the evolution of eco-anxiety, environmental activism, and pro-environmental behavior from a life course perspective, focusing on older adults in Spain. A nationwide CATI survey of 3000 residents aged 18 and older was conducted, employing validated multidimensional scales for eco-anxiety, environmental activism, and pro-environmental behavior, each rescaled to a 0–10 range. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, and hierarchical regression models to estimate linear and quadratic age effects beyond sex, education, and subjective social class. Results show that (1) eco-anxiety follows an inverted-U pattern, peaking at ages 45–49 and declining significantly after 60; (2) environmental activism remains high until the late sixties, while everyday pro-environmental behaviors sharply decline after retirement; and (3) eco-anxiety and environmental action in older adults are partially decoupled, reflecting the role of supportive personal and contextual factors beyond emotional concern. The findings challenge prevailing stereotypes of passive older adults by demonstrating that older age can constitute a significant period of climate engagement. Despite a slight decline in climate concern following retirement, the willingness to take action remains notably resilient. Older adults maintain consistent involvement in environmental volunteering and activism, often motivated by a desire to leave a lasting legacy and shaped by personal experiences of past crises and collective struggles. However, pro-environmental behaviors show a marked decrease in older adults, not due to diminished interest but likely as a result of structural constraints such as declining health, limited income, and inadequate housing conditions. This study suggests that, in the context of liquid modernity marked by rapid change and uncertainty, older adults may serve as societal anchors—preserving narratives, emotional bonds, and civic networks. Through policies that address structural barriers, this anchor role can be supported, empowering older adults to improve their well-being and strengthening community resilience in the face of climate change
Conventional response on employment and recruitment after the V AENC
No full textEl impulso que los distintos Acuerdos para el Empleo y la Negociación Colectiva han logrado a lo largo de su historia supone una manifestación importante en el desarrollo de la negociación colectiva fundamentada en un dialogo social bipartito. La materialización práctica de sus contenidos es, sin duda, el efecto más trascendente para evaluar sus resultados, en tanto la finalidad fundamental de su texto es alcanzar todos los niveles de negociación. Sobre la base de una amplia muestra de convenios colectivos se ha analizado la repercusión que, en materia de empleo y contratación, tiene el V AENC, detectando cuáles han sido los vectores incorporados y aquellos que se no ha sido asumidos mediante una evaluación detallada de sus repercusiones
From the 4Ns to the 3Ns. Reliability and validation studies of the Spanish-adapted Carnism Scale
No full textCarnism is an ideology that supports meat consumption using arguments known as the three Ns: natural, necessary, and normal. Subsequently, the argument of'nice' was added to these Ns, so the 3Ns became the 4Ns. The primary objective of this study was to improve the Spanish version of the 4N Scale, the most widely used scale to measure this conception of carnism, in terms of theoretical fit and psychometric properties based on a first adaptation of the 4N Scale to the Spanish context. This study explored the suitability of different 3N-based models to determine the best theoretical framework to measure carnism. This work consisted of two parts: Study 1 (n = 300), which tested different models in terms of theoretical structure and psychometric properties of the 4Ns, and Study 2 (n = 455), which validated the best model of Study 1 and explored a second-order factor model. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed in both studies and the results showed that the 4N model, which had methodological issues, would be improved if only natural, necessary, and nice dimensions were used. The findings suggest that, even though Normality is an essential aspect of understanding the ideology of carnism, we discuss the rationale behind why Normal dimension in the carnism measurement is not appropriate
Innovative extraction methods for non-phthalate plastic additives determination in water using GC and LC coupled to Q-Orbitrap
No full textExpanding horizons: Toward the classification of extra virgin olive oil using 1H NMR and machine learning
No full textIdentifikasi Kualitas Udara di Sekitar PLTU Teluk Sepang, Kota Bengkulu
No full textPLTU Teluk Sepang uses coal as the main fuel and has the potential to reduce air quality in the vicinity. This study aims to identify the air quality around PLTU Teluk Sepang and its impact on the environment and public health. The data used are PM2,5, PM10, CO, and CO2 at seven location points in June and July 2024. The method in this research is quantitative and descriptive, quantitative is used to compare the measurement results with the threshold set by the government, while descriptive is used to visualize the data in the form of graphs and distribution maps. The results showed that PM2,5 and PM10 levels at several points exceeded the specified thresholds, especially near the PLTU and traffic road areas, which fell into the “Unhealthy.” category. CO levels are still within safe limits, while CO2levels are in the polluted air category, and the increase in pollutants at night indicates a significant impact of PLTU activities on air quality. This study shows that the air quality around Teluk Sepang PLTU is in a polluted condition, so mitigation measures are needed to control air pollution for public health and the environment.PLTU Teluk Sepang menggunakan batu bara sebagai bahan bakar utama dan berpotensi menurunkan kualitas udara di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kualitas udara di sekitar PLTU Teluk Sepang serta dampaknya terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Data yang digunakan yaitu PM2.5, PM10, CO, dan CO2 pada tujuh titik lokasi pada bulan Juni dan Juli 2024. Metode pada penelitan ini adalah kuantitatif dan deskriptif, kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengukur hasil pengukuran dengan ambang batas yang ditetapkan pemerintah, sedangkan deskriptif digunakan untuk memvisualisasikan data dalam bentuk grafik dan peta sebaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar PM2.5 dan PM10 pada beberapa titik melebihi ambang batas yang ditentukan, terutama di dekat PLTU dan area jalan lalu lintas, yang masuk dalam kategori “Tidak Sehat”. Kadar CO yang masih berada dalam batas aman, sementara kadar CO2 berada dalam kategori udara tercemar, serta terjadinya peningkatan polutan di malam hari mengindikasikan adanya dampak signifikan dari aktivitas PLTU terhadap kualitas udara. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas udara di sekitar PLTU Teluk Sepang berfluktuasi antara kategori “Sedang” hingga “Tidak Sehat”, sehingga diperlukan langkah mitigasi untuk mengendalikan polusi udara demi kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan
Karakterisasi Kuat Impak dan Densitas Komposit Hibrid Polipropilena - Pati Singkong dan Serat Pinang - Serat Eceng Gondok
Full text linkThe impact strength and density characterization of hybrid composites with polypropylene - cassava starch matrix using areca nut fiber and water hyacinth fiber has been carried out. The purpose of this study is to obtain superior and environmentally friendly hybrid composites. The ratio of areca nut fiber and water hyacinth is 1:1 while the matrix composition is polypropylene, sorbitol and cassava starch is varied with a ratio of 8:1:1. The percentage of fiber used in each sample is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% while the percentage of matrix used is 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%. The tests carried out are impact strength and density. Based on the results of the study, the highest impact strength value is 0.0624 J / mm2 found in the 5% fiber volume fraction. The highest density value is 0.844 g / cm2 found in the 5% fiber volume fraction. Therefore, from the research results, it can be concluded that the impact strength value meets the car dashboard standards and the density value obtained is included in the type of particle board with medium density.Telah dilakukan karakterisasi dampak yang kuat dan densitas komposit hibrid dengan matrik polipropilena - pati singkong menggunakan serat pinang dan serat eceng gondok. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan komposit hibrid unggul dan ramah lingkungan. Rasio perbandingan serat pinang dan eceng gondok 1:1 sedangkan komposisi matrik yaitu polipropilena, sorbitol dan pati singkong divariasikan dengan rasio perbandingan 8:1:1. Persentase serat yang digunakan setiap sampel yaitu 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% sedangkan persentase matrik yang digunakan yaitu 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu dampak kuat dan kepadatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai kuat impak tertinggi yaitu 0,0624 J/mm 2 terdapat pada fraksi volume serat 5%. Nilai kepadatan tertinggi yaitu 0,844 g/cm 2 terdapat pada fraksi volume serat 5%. Maka dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan nilai kuat impak sudah memenuhi standar dashboard mobil dan nilai kepadatan yang didapat termasuk dalam jenis partikel papan dengan kerapatan sedang
Flow Meditation Improves Emotion Regulation and Pain Management in Female Fibromyalgia Patients
No full textArchivo con los datos de investigación del estudio Flow Meditation Improves Emotion Regulation and Pain Management in Female Fibromyalgia Patient
Racial/EthnicBiasinAISystems:APRISMASystematicReviewofMagnitude,Domains,andMitigationStrategies(2014–2025)
No full textObjective. To examine the extent, direction, and domains in which ethnic/racial bias appears in AI/ML systems and what mitigation strategies show evidence of effectiveness. Methods. We conducted a search in Scopus (2014-present) using the search strings bias AND "artificial intelligence" AND (racial OR ethni *), following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. After deduplication, 526 records were screened using double review (concordance and discrepancy resolution). To ensure a robust synthesis, we focused the analysis on 10 recent systematic reviews addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health, safety/justice, credit/finance, employment/selection, education, and digital platforms. We extracted results by subgroups (e.g., accuracy/error differences between groups), reported equity metrics (e.g., comparison of sensitivities and false positives between groups, overall performance differences, and "disparate impact"), and mitigation measures (before, during, and after modeling, and governance measures). Results. All 10 reviews agree that many artificial intelligence (AI) systems reproduce or amplify racial/ethnic inequalities across various domains. In health, poorer accuracy or more errors are common for Black, Latino, and Indigenous people; in security/justice, more false positives are documented for minorities. Strategies with supporting evidence include data improvements (representativeness and quality), reweighting/ rescaling of losses, adjustment of thresholds for subgroups, and external audits with transparent results; however, heterogeneity and the measurement of race/ethnicity by inference or proxy limit certainty. Conclusions. The evidence consistently points to racial/ethnic biases in AI. Mitigation measures can reduce disparities, but their effect is partial and context-dependent. We recommend reporting results by subgroups, external validation, reproducible code and data, and governance (audits and accountability). Limitation: single source (Scopus).
Objetivo. Examinar en qué magnitud, dirección y dominios aparece el sesgo étnico/racial en sistemas de IA/ML y qué estrategias de mitigación muestran evidencia de efectividad. Métodos. Realizamos una búsqueda en Scopus (2014–actualidad) con una cadena centrada en bias AND “artificial intelligence” AND (racial OR ethni*), siguiendo PRISMA 2020. Tras deduplicar, se cribaron 526 registros con doble revisor (concordancia y resolución de discrepancias). Para garantizar una síntesis sólida, centramos el análisis en 10 revisiones sistemáticas recientes que abordan disparidades por raza/etnia en salud, seguridad/justicia, crédito/finanzas, empleo/selección, educación y plataformas digitales. Extraímos resultados por subgrupos (p. ej., diferencias de acierto/error entre grupos), métricas de equidad reportadas (p. ej., comparación de sensibilidades y falsos positivos entre grupos, diferencias de rendimiento global y “impacto dispar”) y medidas de mitigación (antes, durante y después del modelado, y de gobernanza). Resultados. Las 10 revisiones coinciden en que muchos sistemas de inteligencia artificial (IA) reproducen o amplifican desigualdades por raza/etnia en varios dominios. En salud, son frecuentes peores aciertos o más errores para personas negras, latinas e indígenas; en seguridad/justicia, se documentan más falsos positivos para minorías. Estrategias con evidencia favorable incluyen mejoras de datos (representatividad y calidad), reponderación/reescalado de pérdidas, ajuste de umbrales por subgrupos, y auditorías externas con transparencia de resultados; no obstante, la heterogeneidad y la medición de raza/etnia por inferencia o proxy limitan la certeza. Conclusiones. La evidencia es consistente en señalar sesgos raciales/étnicos en IA. Las mitigaciones pueden reducir disparidades, pero su efecto es parcial y depende del contexto. Recomendamos informar resultados por subgrupos, validación externa, códigos y datos reproducibles, y gobernanza (auditorías y rendición de cuentas). Limitación: fuente única (Scopus)
Explaining hotel breakfast pricing under spatial heterogeneity and competitive environments
No full textThe literature on pricing of additional components to the base service, e.g., add-ons, is fairly scant, although these items are often the basis on which a pricing strategy is developed. In service industries such as hospitality, breakfast is a service component that attracts customers, featuring as part of the service or in addition to it. In particular, it is the focus of active strategies to attract customers or build customer loyalty, in the form of offering additional services at a low price or even free of charge. Given the limited interest of the literature in understanding the price formation of additional components, or add-ons, this study attempts to explain how hotel managers set the price of breakfast using factors related to hotel strategy and reputation but also considering competition and location. Specifically, a novelty of this model is to incorporate geographic location to explain the price of an add-on. Using a sample of 2,111 hotels from Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom, we estimated a geographically weighted regression with a set of explanatory variables. Our findings show that while category and online reputation act as filtering criteria and allow hoteliers to set higher prices, horizontal differentiation can act both as a stimulus and a screening tool depending on the hotel location. Similarly, in some locations there is an agglomeration effect derived from the competitive environment that allows hoteliers to set higher prices while in other locations there is a competition effect due to the pressure of greater competition that leads to lower prices