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Can trinexapac-ethyl stimulate the initial growth of eucalyptus?
No full textReguladores vegetais e herbicidas atuam e modificam diversos processos
metab\uf3licos nas plantas. A aplica\ue7\ue3o de doses subletais
destes compostos pode ser utilizada de modo a modular o desenvolvimento
e o crescimento das plantas, um efeito denominado hormesis.
M\ufaltiplos estudos t\ueam relatado o efeito promotor de doses
subletais de etiltrinexapac no ac\ufamulo de biomassa e na
expans\ue3o da \ue1rea foliar de plantas de eucalipto. At\ue9 o
presente momento, n\ue3o h\ue1 recomenda\ue7\ue3o acerca de
doses promotoras e/ou inibidoras de processos metab\uf3licos para a
cultura do eucalipto. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo
investigar o efeito de doses crescentes de etiltrinexapac no
estabelecimento e crescimento inicial de mudas de Eucalyptus
urograndis. Etiltrinexapac foi aplicado em doses de 15 a 90 g de
ingrediente ativo por hectare (g i.a. ha-1), em duas modalidades,
atrav\ue9s da pulveriza\ue7\ue3o ou da imers\ue3o das
ra\uedzes em solu\ue7\ue3o. As doses de 15 g i.a. ha-1 via
pulveriza\ue7\ue3o, e 30 g i.a. ha-1 via imers\ue3o de
ra\uedzes, resultaram em efeito positivo no crescimento do clone
GG100 de Eucalyptus urograndis, com acr\ue9scimos de,
respectivamente, 74,6% e 12,8% na massa seca total, em
rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 testemunha. As doses de 15 a 90 g i.a. ha-1,
via pulveriza\ue7\ue3o, resultaram em efeito estimulat\uf3rio no
crescimento do eucalipto. As doses de 15 e 30 g i.a. ha-1, na
modalidade imers\ue3o das ra\uedzes, proporcionaram efeito positivo
nas caracter\uedsticas avaliadas do eucalipto. A dose de 90 g i.a.
ha-1 apresentou efeito inibit\uf3rio ao crescimento do eucalipto na
modalidade imers\ue3o das ra\uedzes, aos 35 dias ap\uf3s a
aplica\ue7\ue3o de etiltrinexapac.Plant growth regulators and herbicides can act and modify several
metabolic processes in plants. The use of sub-lethal doses of those
compounds might modulate the development and growth of plants, an
effect known as hormesis. Recent studies reported the stimulatory
responses of sub-lethal doses of trinexapac-ethyl on the biomass
accumulation and leaf area expansion of eucalypt plants. To date, there
is no recommendation regarding promoting or inhibitory doses of such
compounds for eucalypt production industry. Thus, this work aims to
investigate the effect of trinexapac-ethyl on the establishment and
initial growth of Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings. Trinexapacethyl was
applied at doses varying 15 to 90 g (plus a control treatment) per
hectare of active ingredient (g a.i. ha-1) in two application methods:
spraying and root immersion. The doses of 15 g a.i. ha-1 through
spraying and the 30 g a.i. ha-1 in root immersion resulted in a
positive effect on the growth of Eucalyptus urograndis Clone GG100.
Total dry biomass increased by 74.6% and 12.8%, respectively, compared
to control plants. The spraying of 15 to 90 g a.i. ha-1 of
trinexapax-ethyl resulted in a stimulatory effect on the growth of
eucalyptus. The doses of 15 and 30 g a.i. ha-1 via root immersion
provided a positive effect on the all evaluated characteristics of
eucalyptus. The dose of 90 g a.i. ha-1 resulted in an inhibitory effect
on eucalyptus growth through root immersion at 35 days after the
trinexapac-ethyl application
Changes in phytochemical content and antioxidant activity during inflorescence development in broccoli
No full textThis study was performed to monitor glucosinolate (GSL) profile, total
phenol, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant
activity in florets of six broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var.
italica Plenck) genotypes at three different inflorescence
developmental stages. The level of phytochemicals and antioxidant
activities varied significantly among genotypes and developmental
stages. Out of the eight GSLs identified in this study, only five were
present in all genotypes and their respective developmental stages.
Glucoraphanin (GRA), a major GSL, was significantly increased towards
the later stages of development (1.41 \u3bcg g-1 in immature stage of
\u2018Koyoshi\u2019 to 10.57 \u3bcg g-1 in commercial stage of
\u201809FA- M295\u2019), whereas glucobrassicin (BRA) showed a
reverse accumulation pattern with the highest value at the immature
stage (5.10-7.97 \u3bcg g-1). Other minor GSLs varied depending on the
genotype. Total phenolic and ascorbic acid content increased
significantly as maturity progressed in all the genotypes with a
relatively higher increment observed in ascorbic acid (65.8%-100.9%)
than phenolic content (10.2%-31.2%). Flavonoid content, on the other
hand, showed a cultivar- dependent accumulation pattern throughout the
developmental stages. However, although antioxidant activity increased
with inflorescence development, the increment was higher and lower than
in total phenol and ascorbic acid content, respectively. The highest
value for GRA (10.57 \u3bcg g-1), ascorbic acid (502.3 mg 100 g-1),
total phenol (523.7 mg 100 g-1) and antioxidant activities was obtained
for \u201809FA-M295\u2019 at the commercial stage. Taken together,
these results indicate that phytochemicals in broccoli have a
differential accumulation pattern during inflorescence development.
Regardless of genotypes and inflorescence developmental stage, total
phenolic content showed the highest correlation with antioxidant
activity (r = 0.779**), followed by ascorbic acid (r = 0.674**) and
flavonoid content (r = 0.602**), whereas total GSLs showed a
nonsignificant correlation with antioxidant activity
Sustainability of different production systems papaya ( Carica papaya L.) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) in the semi-arid region
No full textAgricultural production in the semi-arid region is critically important
for ensuring food security and agricultural development in world.
However, due to the environmental impact generated by agricultural
activity, and the challenge of producing food for a growing demand,
agriculture is dependent on a constant flow of non-renewable
environmental and economic resources. The aim of this study was to
quantify the sustainability of different agricultural production
systems papaya (Carica papaya L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.]
Moench) in the semi-arid region using emergy analysis. The research was
carried out in the Curupati Irrigated Perimeter, located in the
municipality of Jaguaribara, Cear\ue1 (CE), Brazil, corresponding to
the cultivation of the irrigated papaya and in the Lagoa Grande
settlement, in the Chapada do Apodi, municipality of Tabuleiro do
Norte, CE, referring to sorghum cultivation in the rainfed. The rainfed
production system had an emergy value of 1.06E+16 seJ ha-1 yr-1, and
was lower than in the irrigated system 1.69E+17 seJ ha-1 yr-1. The
following values were obtained for the emergy indicators in the
irrigated system: emergy yield ratio (EYR) = 1.51; renewability (R%) =
74.29%; environmental load ratio (ELR) = 0.35, and emergy
sustainability index (ESI) = 4.37. Where as in the rainfed system, the
EYR = 1.13; R% = 83.81%; ELR = 0.20 and ESI = 5.86. The system of
production under the rainfed regime therefore displayed better
economic, social and environmental performance in relation to the
irrigated production system. Both of the studied production systems
contributed to the economic growth of the semi-arid region, with low
environmental loads
Effects of supplemental irrigation based on soil water content on water consumption, dry matter and yield of wheat
No full textWater-saving cultivation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an
important technique for achieving high yield and high water use
eficiency (WUE) in the North China Plain (NCP) where water resources
are in shortage. In order to determine the effects of supplemental
irrigation based on soil water content on crop evapotranspiration (ET),
DM, grain yield and WUE in wheat, treatments were designed to vary the
relative soil water content at jointing and anthesis stages: I70 (70%,
70%) and I75 (75%, 75%) with rain-fed (I0) and traditional irrigation
(Ick) as contrasts. The results indicated that the irrigation amount of
I70 and I75 were significantly lower than that of Ick by 45.1 to 132.4
mm, but soil water depletion increased by 23.5 to 35.4 mm. Although the
total ET throughout the growing season (ETt) of I75 was less than that
of Ick, the ratio to ETt from anthesis to maturity increased
significantly. The DM partitioning ratio was decreased in vegetable
organs, but increased in grain for I75 compared with Ick. The grain
yield for I75 was significantly higher than that of I0 and I70, whereas
nonsignificant difference was observed between I75 and Ick, and the WUE
and irrigation water use efficiency of I75 were higher than those of
Ick by 11.0% and 87.4% in 2008-2009 and 3.5% and 34.0% in 2009-2010.
Thus, I75 can be developed as an optimal water-saving irrigation
regimes in the NCP
Identification of a phytoplasma associated with witches\u2019 broom symptoms in calafate ( Berberis microphylla G. Forst.)
No full textBerberis microphylla G. Forst. (\u201ccalafate\u201d) is a native
berry grown in the Patagonian area of Chile and Argentina. The calafate
fruit have important commercial projection, given that contains
antioxidant characteristics with high levels of phenolic compounds and
anthocyanins. Recently, wild growth of calafate present in Region of
Magallanes y la Ant\ue1rtica Chilena has been affected by symptoms of
witch\u2019s broom, which is associated to infections caused by
phytoplasmas. To determine the presence of phytoplasmas in calafate
plants affected by these symptoms, symptomatic and asymptomatic samples
were analyzed. To identify the phytopathogen, nested polymerase chain
reaction (nested-PCR) was used with three pairs of primers (P1/P7,
R16mF2/mR1, R16F2n/R2); sequencing of the fragments obtained from PCR
and an in silico restriction analysis was carried out on the obtained
genomic sequences. Results from nested-PCR showed an expected band of
1.2 kb only in the samples with symptoms. The nucleotide sequence
obtained from the amplified DNA fragment had similarity to 99% of other
phytoplasmas present in the National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI) database, according to a basic local alignment
search tool (BLAST) analysis. Restriction analysis indicated that the
amplified DNA fragment corresponded to a phytoplasma from the
16SrXIII-f group. In conclusion, the symptoms of witch\u2019s broom
present in the analyzed calafate plants from Magallanes region signal
the presence of the phytoplasma \u201cCandidatus Phytoplasma
hispanicum\u201d pertaining to the group 16SrXIII-F
Development of white common beans for the processing industry in East Africa: Adaptability, resistance to selected diseases, cooking time and canning quality
Get PDFCommon bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) provides dietary protein,
energy, fiber, and micronutrients, especially iron and zinc to over 800
million people in Africa and Latin America. The crop has various seed
types. White beans are very popular for the processing industry. This
study aimed to investigate the agronomic performance, canning quality,
cooking time (COOKT) and response to root rots ( Fusarium cuneirostrum
and Pythium ultimum ) and angular leaf spot (ALS; Pseudocercospora
griseola ) diseases among 151 drought tolerant small and large seeded
white bean genotypes from trials conducted between 2013 to 2018 in East
Africa. Significant (P<0.001) differences existed among the
genotypes for response to the three pathogens, COOKT and canning
quality traits. Resistance to each of the pathogens was expressed in
24-75% of the genotypes, while dual resistance to any two pairs of the
pathogens occurred in 10-44% of the genotypes. Four genotypes;
ICNBunsixSxB405/4C-1C-1C-88, RAZ-11, ETSNAP18 and ETSNAP3 expressed
resistance to the three pathogens but had COOKT of 46-56 minutes (based
on a Matson cooker), and below average canning quality. They are
recommended as sources of diseases resistance but could be further
improved for COOKT and canning quality. Sixty-eight genotypes had COOKT
<50 minutes while 24 expressed good to excellent visual canning
quality. Some phenotypes: RAZ-120, RAZ36-Caballero, NavyLine-60,
NavyLine-25, ZABR16573-25F22, ZABR16575-60F22, ETSNAP33,
Bifortsmallseeded-15 and ZABR16574-37F22, that were cooked in <45
minutes, exhibited good to excellent canning quality and expressed
resistant to intermediate diseases resistance responses. These may be
used as parental lines and/or fast tracked for variety release through
regional trials.Le haricot commun ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fournit des prot\ue9ines
alimentaires, de l\u2019\ue9nergie, des fibres et des
micronutriments, en particulier du fer et du zinc \ue0 plus de 800
millions de personnes en Afrique et en Am\ue9rique latine. La culture
a divers types des graines, mais les haricots blancs sont tr\ue8s
populaires dans l\u2019industrie de la transformation. Cette
\ue9tude visait \ue0 \ue9tudier la qualit\ue9 agronomique et de
mise en conserve, le temps de cuisson et la r\ue9ponse des haricots
blancs aux pourritures des racines et \ue0 la tache angulaire (ALS,
angular leaf spot) qui provoquent des pertes de rendement importantes
dans la production des haricots en Afrique de l\u2019Est. Les haricots
\ue0 petites et grandes graines am\ue9lior\ue9s pour la
tol\ue9rance \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse ont \ue9t\ue9
\ue9valu\ue9s de 2013 \ue0 2018. Des diff\ue9rences
significatives (P<0,001) existaient entre les 151 g\ue9notypes
pour la r\ue9ponse \ue0 trois agents pathog\ue8nes ( Fusarium
cuneirostrum , Pythium ultimum and Pseudocercospora griseola ), le
temps de cuisson et les caract\ue9ristiques de qualit\ue9 de mise
en conserve. Il \ue9tait possible de s\ue9lectionner une
r\ue9sistance \ue0 la maladie simple, double et triple. La
r\ue9sistance \ue0 chacun des agents pathog\ue8nes a
\ue9t\ue9 exprim\ue9e dans 24 \ue0 75 % des g\ue9notypes ;
tandis qu\u2019une double r\ue9sistance \ue0 deux paires des
agents pathog\ue8nes s\u2019est produite dans 10 \ue0 44 % des
g\ue9notypes. Les quatre g\ue9notypes ;
ICNBunsixSxB405/4C-1C-1C-88, RAZ-11, ETSNAP18 et ETSNAP3 qui ont
exprim\ue9 une r\ue9sistance \ue0 trois agents pathog\ue8nes
ont \ue9t\ue9 cuits en 46-56 minutes et sont recommand\ue9s comme
sources de r\ue9sistance pour la reproduction, mais pourraient
\ueatre encore am\ue9lior\ue9s pour une cuisson rapide et la
qualit\ue9 de la mise en conserve \ue9tant donn\ue9 qu\u2019une
qualit\ue9 g\ue9n\ue9rale de mise en conserve inf\ue9rieure
\ue0 la moyenne a \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9e. Les soixante-huit
g\ue9notypes ont \ue9t\ue9 cuits en moins de 50 minutes tandis
que 24 exprimaient une qualit\ue9 visuelle de mise en conserve bonne
\ue0 excellente. Les g\ue9notypes comme RAZ-120, RAZ36-Caballero,
NavyLine-60, NavyLine-25, ZABR16573-25F22, ZABR16575-60F22, ETSNAP33,
Bifortsmallseed-15 et ZABR16574-37F22, cuits en moins de 45 minutes,
pr\ue9sentaient une bonne \ue0 excellente mise en conserve la
qualit\ue9 et la r\ue9sistance \ue0 une r\ue9ponse
interm\ue9diaire aux maladies \ue9valu\ue9es ont \ue9t\ue9
recommand\ue9es \ue0 des fins de s\ue9lection et pour une
\ue9valuation plus approfondie en vue d\u2019une promotion
\ue9ventuelle
Acute effects of electronic cigarette smoking on ventricular repolarization in adults
Get PDFBackground: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is constantly
increasing. However, the association between e-cigarette use and
ventricular arrhythmia is unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to
evaluate the markers of ventricular repolarization such as QT interval,
corrected QT (QTc), QT dispersion (QTd), peak-to-end interval of the T
wave (Tp-e), corrected Tp-e and Tp-e/QT ratios in e-cigarette users.
Methods: The study population consisted 36 e-cigarette users and 40
healthy subjects. Ventricular repolarization parameters were obtained
from 12-lead resting electrocardiogram. Ventricular repolarization
parameters of the groups were compared. Results: Basal demographic and
laboratory data were similar in both groups. According to the
electrocardiographic parameters, the Tp-e interval, corrected Tp-e, and
Tp-e/QT ratio were significantly higher in individuals using
e-cigarettes than in control subjects [74.9\ub16.4 milliseconds (ms)
vs. 80.1\ub14.1ms, <0.001; 82.9\ub17.5 ms vs. 87.8\ub16.3 ms,
p=0.003; 0.20\ub10.01 vs. 0.21\ub10.01, p=0.002; respectively].
Conclusion: This is the first study to show the disruption of
ventricular repolarization properties in e-cigarette users. E-cigarette
use in terms of public health leads to augmentation of transmural
dispersion of repolarization, which may be potential indicator of
ventricular arrhythmogenesis
Association between APOC3 polymorphisms and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground and Aim: The apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) polymorphism has been
reported to predispose to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
However, the results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to
provide insights into the association between APOC3 polymorphisms and
NAFLD risk. Methods: Studies with terms \u201cNALFD\u201d and
\u201cAPOC3\u201d were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI
and Wanfang databases up to August 1, 2019. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and
95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association of APOC3
polymorphisms and NAFLD risk were calculated using fixed and
random-effects models. Results: A total of twelve studies from eleven
articles were included. Of them, eight studies (1750 cases and 2181
controls) reported the strong association of variant rs2854116 with
NAFLD and six studies (1523 cases and 1568 controls) found the
association of rs2854117 polymorphism with NAFLD. Overall, a
statistically significant association between rs2854116 polymorphism of
APOC3 gene and NAFLD risk was found only under dominant model. However,
association of rs2854117 polymorphism with NAFLD risk was not detected
under all four genetic models. In sub-group analysis of NAFLD subjects
based on country, no association among them in China was detected.
Besides, four studies analyze the association between the two
polymorphisms and clinical characteristics in all subjects or NAFLD
patients, and we also failed detect any association between the wild
carriers and variant carriers. Conclusion: The meta-analyses suggests
that the rs2854116 polymorphism but not rs2854117 polymorphism in APOC3
gene might be a risk factor for NAFLD among Asians. That is,
individuals with CT+CC genotype have higher risk of developing NAFLD.
However, studies with sufficient sample size are needed for the further
validation
The effect of home care based on the Neuman systems model on symptomatic relief and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Get PDFBackground: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is an important common health
problem with high morbidity and mortality rate in the world and in
Turkey. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effect of
home care based on the Neuman Systems Model on relief of physical and
psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients undergoing
hemodialysis. Methods: This study was conducted as a pretest-posttest
randomized controlled trial. The sample of the study was composed of
160 hemodialysis patients. The patients were randomly and sequentially
assigned to experimental and control groups as 80 hemodialysis
patients. Results: After the intervention, it was determined that the
symptoms levels of the patients in the experimental group reduced and
their quality of life increased. Conclusion: The care provided based on
the Neuman Systems Model reduced the symptoms of the patients having
hemodialysis treatment and enhanced their quality of life. Care given
using a model is important in improving the quality of life of
hemodialysis patients
Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among a sample of Moroccan type 2 diabetes patients
Get PDFBackground: Obesity constitutes a major risk factor for the development
of diabetes, and has been linked with poor glycaemic control among type
2 diabetic patients. Aims: This study examines the prevalence of
overweight/obesity and associated factors in type 2 diabetic patients
in the Beni-Mellal Khenifra region in Morocco. Methods: A
questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among
975 diabetes patients attending primary health centres. Demographic and
clinical data were collected through face-to-face interviews.
Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height and waist
circumference, were taken using standardized techniques and calibrated
equipment. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 40.4%, the general
obesity was 28.8% and the abdominal obesity was 73.7%. Using
multivariate analysis, we noted that the general obesity was associated
with female sex (AOR= 3,004, 95% CI: 1.761-5.104, P<0.001),
increased age (AOR=2.192, 95% CI: 1.116-4.307, P<0.023) and good
glycaemic control (AOR=1.594, 95% CI: 1.056-2.407, P=0.027), whereas
abdominal obesity was associated wih female sex (AOR=2.654, 95% CI:
1.507-4.671, P<0.001) and insulin treatment (AOR=2.927, 95% CI:
1.031-8.757, P=0.048). Conclusion: Overweight, general obesity and
abdominal obesity were high among participants, especially among women.
Taken together, these findings urge the implementation of a roadmap for
this diabetic subpopulation to have a new lifestyle