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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Snail Consumption Pattern in Ibarapa Central Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria
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Dietary Fibre and Micronutrient Potential of Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetable Sprinkles on Selected Foods
Get PDFConsidering the rural poor in developing countries like Nigeria, diets
that are deficient in dietary fibre and micronutrients are common. Food
diversification or dietary modifications such as increased consumption
of vegetables may solve the problem. This study assessed the dietary
fibre and micronutrient levels of selected starchy foods (jollof rice
and yam porridge) using three underutilized green leafy vegetables,
namely, Ebolo (Crassocephalum crepidiodes), Odu ( Solanum nigrum L),
and Yanrin (Launaea teracifolia L) as sprinkles. Fresh samples of
Crassocephalum crepidioides, Solanum nigrum L, and Launaea teracifolia
were purchased from Ota market. The leafy parts of the vegetables were
washed, cut, oven-dried at 90\ub0C for 6 h and pulverized. Jollof
rice and porridge were cooked and 2g each of dried ebolo, odu and
yanrin were sprinkled on 100g of each food and stirred thoroughly.
Total dietary fibre, as well as iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) content of the
resultant diets, were determined using standard methods. The highest
total dietary fibre of 8.45% was obtained in jollof rice sprinkled with
Yanrin. Zn (31.75mg/kg) was highest in jollof rice sprinkled with
Yanrin, and Fe (87.75mg/kg) in porridge sprinkled with Ebolo. The
underutilized vegetables added more nutritional values to jollof rice
and yam porridge as Ebolo, Yanrin and Odu were sprinkled on them
In Vitro Assay of Bacterial Load on Some Ruminant Hide and Skin from North Western Nigeria
Get PDFConsumption of meat is considered a vital source of essential amino
acids, vitamins and minerals which makes it a critical dietary
requirement for humans and other organisms. However, in Sub Saharan
Africa, despite accounting for a large chunk of livestock production,
it is in short supply due to poverty and cultural practices. Hence,
encourages the demand and consumption of other meat products such as
singed ruminant hide and skin. This study was carried out to evaluate
the effect of singeing on bacterial population of hides and skin of
cattle, camel, goat and sheep sold for human consumption in the seven
North-western states of Nigeria using standard methods. Data obtained
for the bacteria load showed that the highest mean count for singed
hides and skins of cattle, camel, goat and sheep mean log10
CFU/g;5.10\ub10.13, 5.08\ub10.10, 5.06\ub10.05 and 5.05\ub10.09
respectively which were less than the unsigned (control), mean log10
CFU/g5.71\ub10.02, 5.70\ub10.03, 5.71\ub10.02 and 5.69\ub10.08.
The high occurrence of bacteria was slightly within unacceptable limits
for the ruminant hides and skin sampleslog10 CFU/g; cattle: 5.22 camel:
5.19, goat: 5.23 and sheep: 5.19. This require urgent mitigation as it
is slightly contaminated. However, the lower bacterial counts taken for
ruminant sampleslog10 CFU/g; cattle: 4.82, camel: 4.83, goat: 4.84 and
sheep: 4.79 were all within the marginal acceptable standard.
Succinctly, 60% of the ruminant hides and skin samples require
correctional measures whereas, 40% were out rightly contaminated.
Hence, urgent action is needed across the abattoirs of Northwestern
states of Nigeria to curtail the tide of unsafe hides and skin
consumptions. Conclusively, the study established as thus;
significantly, Singeing reduces (p < 0.05) the bacterial load on
ruminant hides and skin and all samples were considerably high and
exceeding the WHO satisfactory level
Integration of Well Logs and Seismic Data for Hydrocarbon Volumetric Analysis in D-One Field of the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
No full textThe study was carried out on an onshore Niger Delta field using seven
wells with the objectives of identifying possible reservoir units with
potential to contain oil or gas using well logs and seismic data sets.
Petrophysical properties analysis revealed two Hydrocarbon bearing
reservoirs ranging from 5000 ft \u2013 8000 ft, with volume of shale
(Vsh) ranging from 4.3% - 43.9%. The total porosity ranged from 25.9% -
34.7%, while effective porosity ranged from 17.7% - 33.2%, indicating
good porosities for the reservoirs. Net-to-Gross ranged from 0.720
\u2013 0.980 with water saturation ranging from 19.87% - 29.07%, while
hydrocarbon saturation ranged from 70.93% - 78.86% of gas in the
reservoirs. For the volumetric analysis of the two reservoirs modelled,
a STOIIP ranging from 614MMSTB \u2013 1054MMSTB was obtained, while
the recoverable Oil was estimated between 215-369MMSTB. We can infer
that the two reservoirs mapped, correlated and modelled across the
seven wells has a respectable HC potential
Assessment of Changes in Cardiovascular Parameters among Petrol Pump Attendants in Ughelli, Delta State Nigeria
No full textPetrol pump attendants are group of workers that are daily exposed to
petrol fumes across petrol filling stations in major cities within
Nigeria and sub-Sahara Africa. The objective of this study is to
evaluate the effect of petrol fumes on changes in some cardiovascular
parameters among petrol pump attendants in Ughelli, Delta State Nigeria
by measuring arterial blood pressure and calculating pulse and mean
arterial pressure of 150 petrol attendants with age, sex matched
control within Ughelli metropolis and its environs. Data obtained show
that the arterial blood pressure, pulse and mean arterial pressure
ranged from 108/60 - 140/92, 48 - 80 and 76 - 126 mmHg respectively.
The result also revealed that mean arterial pressure significantly
(p<0.05) increase in the petrol pump attendant. More so, the
systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased in a duration of
exposure dependent manner with significance (p<0.05) in petrol pump
attendants working for more than five years. The mean arterial pressure
was significantly (p<0.05) increased in subjects working as petrol
pump attendants for less than five years and five years or more. Data
also showed that the pulse pressure was not adversely affected in the
petrol pump attendants. In conclusion, this study has established that
there are changes in cardiovascular parameters of petrol pump
attendants as shown with an increase in systolic, diastolic and mean
arterial pressure
Groundwater Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment using a Dar-Zarrouk Parameter in a Proposed Aboru Residential Estate, Lagos State, Nigeria
No full textThe need to build an automobile mechanic settlement, abattoir and a
proposed meat processing factory at Aboru residential estate
necessitated a geophysical assessment (using a Dar-Zarrouk parameter
\u2013 longitudinal unit conductance, S) of the vulnerability of the
subsurface aquifers in the study area against the expected long-term
anthropogenic impacts of these facilities on the groundwater system.
Thirteen (13) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) points and four (4)
Dipole-Dipole resistivity profile lines were occupied on four traverse
lines across the study area. Isoresistivity and Isopach maps were
generated and Total Longitudinal Unit Conductance, S of the earth
materials overlying the aquifer was computed and the aquifer protective
capacity (APC) map was generated. The VES delineated four (4)
geo-electric layers namely; topsoil, pebbly/lateritic sand,
clay/clayey/silty sand and sandstone. The depth to the sandstone
aquifer ranges from 30.6 \u2013 39.4 m with resistivity values ranging
from 851 \u2013 1437 \u3a9m. The iso-resistivity and isopach maps
reveal that the near surface lateritic materials with resistivity
values ranging from 350 \u2013 1150 \u3a9m and thicknesses ranging
from 2 \u2013 29 m are pervious. The Total Longitudinal Unit
Conductance, S varies from 0.0164 - 0.1168 mhos indicating a poor to
weak protective capacity rating across the study area and the APC map
reveals that the north-eastern and western parts of the study area show
areas with weak protective capacity ratings while other areas are
characterized by poor protective capacity rating. As such, the
establishment of the proposed service facilities in the study area is
strongly discouraged as the nature of their operations has a high
potential to contaminate and eventually pollute the sub-surface
aquifers on the long-run. If however the inevitability of their
establishment cannot be set-aside, then secondary measures must be
taken to forestall a direct impact of their operations on the
subsurface
Phytochemical Constituents, Antimicrobial activities and Isolation of Eupatorin from the Seed Extract of L. inermis LINN
No full textIn low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria, traditional medicine
practitioners use seeds, roots, stem barks or the whole plant to cure
some ailments, hence, the need to scientifically analyze these
ethnobotanical claims. The extracts of L. inermis revealed the presence
of cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids tannins, triterpenes,
steroid and alkaloids. The antimicrobial screening and activities of
the crude extracts were observed against Staphylococcus aureus ,
Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , Salmonella typhi ,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumonia with a zones of
inhibition ranging from 12-26 mm which were however lower than the
standard drug (Ciprofloxacin) with 28-30 mm. The MIC/MBC measurement
against those microbes was found to be between 3.125 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml.
The ethyl acetate extract was purified using column chromatography and
eluted with ethyl acetate and ethanol solvents in various ratios. From
the fractions obtained, the compound eupatorin
(3\u2019,5-dihydroxy-4\u2019,6,7-trimethoxyflavone) was isolated and
characterized using IR, 1D and 2D NMR. The eupatorin was found to show
significant microbial activity against P. vulgaris, S. typhi, E. coli,
S. pneumonia and S. pyogenes when compared with standard antibiotics
used against these microbes. The results from this research have
supported the ethnomedicinal uses of this plant in the treatment of
skin infections, abdominal disorders, leprosy, rheumatalgia, edema and
as a cough and cold remedy
Evaluation of 1.5mm Lead Shield for Radiological Protection and Comparison of Calculated and Measured Results of Equivalent Dose
No full textEvaluation of radiation protective devices in radiology departments is
one of the practices that ensure radiation protection and staff and
patients safety in hospitals. A research work to evaluate 1.5mm lead
shield used for radiological protection was carried out in Radiological
Unit of Sharda Hospital, of Sharda University, India, using 300mA fixed
x-ray machine room. The evaluation was done in the x-ray energy (kVp)
range between 52- 81 and by using calculative procedure and by direct
measurement of the radiation dose rates. The two results were compared.
The results shows that, in the absence of the shield, only 11.82% of
the radiation exposure was attenuated by the air space before reaching
the radiographer\u2019s stand, while in the presence of the shield,
96.50% was attenuated, whereas, for the measured result only 10.17% was
attenuated in the absence of the shield and 89.83% was attenuated in
the presence of the shield before reaching the radiographer\u2019s
stand. The unit of radiation exposure was converted to that of
equivalent dose and that of effective dose in order to assess the
radiographer\u2019s safety level behind the shield. It was found that,
the equivalent/effective dose is as low as to be accepted according to
the policy of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), and within the
NCRP recommended limit. This guaranteed the effectiveness of the lead
shield of 1.5mm thickness in the x-ray energy range used in this study
Enhancement of Phosphorus Uptake, Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea Batatas ) with Phosphorus Fertilizers
No full textThis research was carried out to determine the best phosphorus
fertilizer for improvement of sweet potato phosphorus uptake, growth
and yield. The phosphorus fertilizer sources used were organic
(Pacesetter), single super phosphate and crystallizer while the sweet
potato variety used was Shaba. The experiment was laid out in
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Sweet
potato plants from plots treated with crystallizer fertilizer at the
rate of 500kg/ha had the highest phosphorus uptake and vegetative
growth while control plots produced plants with highest tuberous yield.
It is, therefore, recommended that crystallizer applied at the rate of
500kg/ha be used for significant phosphorous uptake which equally leads
to better quality sweet potato tuber and appreciable vegetative growth.
It is also recommended that the soil phosphorus be maintained at low
level around 6.80mg/kg for achievement of high tuberous yield in sweet
potato
Deforestation, Desert Encroachment, Climate Change and Agricultural Production in the Sudano-Sahelian Region of Nigeria
No full textThis work presents a systematic review of relevant literatures centered
on the deforestation, desertification climate change hazards and
agriculture related problems caused as a result of these natural and
human activities with the hope of understanding the situation for
better way out. Findings revealed that desertification affects about
one sixth of the world\u2019s population, 70% of all dry lands,
amounting to 3.6 billion ha, and one quarter of the total land area of
the world. The worsening problem of desertification is quite glaring
that an estimate of between 50 % and 75 % of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno,
Gombe, Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Yobe, and Zamfara states
in Nigeria are affected by desertification and are particularly
vulnerable to wind erosion due to land clearing for agricultural
purposes such as grazing, planting of crops, demand for woods, mining,
growth of urbanization and development of infrastructures. Desert
encroachment as a degradation of land in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid
dry areas caused mainly by climatic changes and human activities; In
Nigeria, the dry land parts of the country are more prone to
desertification. However, climate change causes uncertainties and
variation in the pattern of rainfalls, high temperatures, floods and
farmlands destruction, pests and diseases. Leading to irregular and
unpredictable rains and increase in sunshine hours, crops and livestock
failures as well as food insecurity in general. It was suggested
therefore that effective policy and planning measures should be put in
place in order to overcome these problems