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Characterization of Autochthonous Bacterial Isolates with The Potentiality to Degrade Spent Engine Oil from Contaminated Soil Area Enriched with Glycine max
Get PDFThis study was conducted to identify and characterize bacteria capable
of degrading spent oil contaminated soil. The physicochemical
parameters of used engine oil were analyzed according to existing
standards, while the total heterotrophic plate counts (HBC) and
hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria counts were ascertained with the pour
plate methods using nutrient agar and minimal salt agar (MSA) media
respectively. The results indicated a mean total HBC ranging from 2.86
\ub1 0.08 to 5.76 log10 CFU/g and mean hydrocarbon utilizing
bacterial counts from 1.32 \ub1 0.09 to 3.82 \ub1 0.25 log10 CFU/g,
with samples enriched with Glycine max (Soybean) recorded to have the
highest bacterial counts. The phenotypic identification of the
hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria as sources of carbon and energy showed
the presence of two primary bacterial genera: Bacillus and
Micrococcus . However, from the overall 50 counted colonies, the
frequency of occurrence for Bacillus was 41 (82 %) whereas, the
Micrococcus was (9) 18%. The obtained data, confirmed the breakdown
capacity of autochthonous (indigenous) organisms notably; Bacillus in
the reduction of pollutants linked with oil spillage. This provides for
reliable and promising approach of ameliorating crude oil pollutants
and its inherent threats
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Childhood Routine Immunization among Mothers/Caregivers attending Primary Health Care Centres in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe ultimate goal of immunization is to reduce the incidence of vaccine
preventable diseases by attaining high levels of routine immunization
coverage with potent vaccines administered at the appropriate ages and
at the right intervals. This study assessed the knowledge and practice
of childhood routine immunization among mothers/caregivers attending
Primary Health Care Centers in Benin City, Edo State. A descriptive
cross-sectional study involving 640 females whose wards were receiving
immunization in 35 PHCs in Benin City was carried out. Mothers who met
the inclusion criteria were recruited using a pre-tested interviewer
administered structured questionnaires using a multistage sampling
technique. Relationship between dependent and independent variables was
determined using logistic regression analysis, at 95% confidence
interval and p-values level less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results shows that all the caregivers were aware of immunization.
498(77.8%) with the media being as source of information. A higher
proportion of respondent (44.8%) had good knowledge while (38.6% and
12.6%), fair and poor knowledge of immunization respectively. BCG and
OPV were the most known vaccines (89.1%), followed by HBV (77.8%), DPT
and PENTA were known by 70.6% and 66.1% of respondents respectively.
This study revealed good knowledge of immunization amongst the
caregivers and good practice with regards to the actual purpose of
immunization
Expansion of tree-shrub vegetation in upper-montane open areas adjacent to forest fragments, in \u201cPlanalto Sul Catarinense\u201d region
No full textO objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os padr\uf5es demogr\ue1ficos
da regenera\ue7\ue3o natural do componente arbustivo-arb\uf3reo e
determinar se esses s\ue3o influenciados pelas vari\ue1veis
ambientais, em tr\ueas \ue1reas abertas em regenera\ue7\ue3o
natural (di\ue2metro na altura do peito < 5 cm), em contato com
fragmentos florestais de Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Mista Alto-Montana, no
Planalto Sul Catarinense. Foram instaladas tr\ueas
transec\ue7\uf5es, uma por \ue1rea, de 20 x 100 m, subdividas em
subparcelas de 10 x 10 m, perpendiculares \ue0 borda dos fragmentos,
com sua extens\ue3o cobrindo a \ue1rea de campo. Amostraram-se
todos os indiv\uedduos regenerantes arbustivo-arb\uf3reos com 20 cm
ou mais de altura. Em cada subparcela, foram coletados os seguintes
dados ambientais: propriedades f\uedsico-qu\uedmicas dos solos,
grau de compacta\ue7\ue3o dos solos e cota altim\ue9trica. Um ano
ap\uf3s o invent\ue1rio, foram obtidas as taxas de din\ue2mica
para as tr\ueas comunidades e para as popula\ue7\uf5es, e os
padr\uf5es encontrados foram relacionados com as vari\ue1veis
ambientais. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes de
Kruskal-Wallis, testes de compara\ue7\uf5es m\ufaltiplas, teste
de qui-quadrado aplicado \ue0 tabela de conting\ueancia, teste de
correla\ue7\ue3o, An\ue1lise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e
modelos lineares mistos. Os resultados demonstraram que, no
per\uedodo estudado, o processo de regenera\ue7\ue3o natural do
componente arbustivo-arb\uf3reo encontra-se em fase inicial e foi
caracterizado pelo incremento na abund\ue2ncia de indiv\uedduos,
estabilidade na riqueza, independ\ueancia espacial entre a
mortalidade e o recrutamento e limita\ue7\ue3o do recrutamento em
fun\ue7\ue3o da baixa fertilidade natural do solo e elevada
disponibilidade de Al.The study aimed to understand the dynamic patterns of natural
regeneration of shrub-tree species and determine whether these patterns
are influenced by environmental variables, in three open areas in
natural regeneration (diameter at breast height < 5 cm), in contact
to upper-montane Araucaria Forest fragments, located in the Southern
Plateau of Santa Catarina state. Three 20x100 m transects, subdivided
into sub-plots of 10x10 m, were installed in each area, perpendicular
to the edge of the fragments with their length covering the grassland
area. All shrub-tree regenerating individuals greater than or equal to
20 cm height were sampled. In each sub-plot, the environmental data
were collected: soil physicochemical properties, the degree of soil
compaction and the altimetric quota. One year after the first
inventory, the dynamics rates were obtained for the three community and
populations, and the found patterns related to environmental variables.
The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis tests, multiple
comparison tests, chi-square test, applied to a contingency table,
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear mixed models. The results
demonstrated that during the evaluated period, the natural regeneration
process of the shrub-tree component is found in an early stage and it
was characterized by abundance increment, richness stability, spatial
independency between mortality and recruitment, and recruitment
limitation in function of low soil natural fertility and high Al
availability
Survey of low flammability plants in burned areas of Cerrado in the Federal District and analysis of their physical properties
No full textOs inc\ueandios florestais se propagam principalmente atrav\ue9s do
material combust\uedvel superficial. Portanto, plantas de baixa
inflamabilidade podem ser usadas para prote\ue7\ue3o contra
inc\ueandios, pois dificultam a propaga\ue7\ue3o do fogo. Neste
sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento de
plantas de baixa inflamabilidade no cerrado do Distrito Federal e, a
partir de amostras coletadas, caracteriz\ue1-las. O levantamento
dessas plantas deu-se por meio do caminhamento em \ue1reas queimadas,
fotografando esp\ue9cimes relativamente preservados adjacentes \ue0
vegeta\ue7\ue3o consumida pelas chamas. Depois, coletaram-se
amostras de folhas das esp\ue9cies de baixa e de alta inflamabilidade
para caracteriza\ue7\ue3o das propriedades f\uedsicas, foliares e
an\ue1lise imediata. As esp\ue9cies classificadas como de baixa
inflamabilidade foram: Vochysia thyrsoidea , Palicourea rigida e
Lavoisiera bergii . J\ue1 a gram\uednea Echinolaena inflexa foi
considerada de alta inflamabilidade. As an\ue1lises mostraram que, em
compara\ue7\ue3o com Echinolaena inflexa, as esp\ue9cies Vochysia
thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida e Lavoisiera bergii apresentaram bons
\uedndices que as habilitam como esp\ue9cies de baixa
inflamabilidade. Entre elas, Palicourea rigida destaca-se ao apresentar
elevado teor de umidade (173%), maior espessura foliar (5,6 mm), teor
de vol\ue1teis de 76% e calor de combust\ue3o na umidade de campo
de 1.263 cal/g. Os resultados confirmaram a baixa inflamabilidade de
Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida, e Lavoisiera bergii sendo estas
indicadas para uso em aceiros verdes.The forest fires spread mainly through the surface of combustible
material. Therefore, low flammability plants can be used for the
protection against forest fires because these plants hinder the spread
of fire. In this regard, the objective was to make a poll to find low
flammability plants occurred in cerrado (savanna) of Distrito Federal
in burned areas, and, after collecting samples, catalog their
characteristics. It was done by plotting and photographing specimens of
preserved adjacent vegetation consumed by the flames. Then, samples of
high and low flammability leaves were collected to number their
particular physical and foliar properties and make an immediate
analysis. The samples classified as low flammability plants were:
Vochysia thyrsoidea , Palicourea rigida , Lavoisiera bergii . The
sample of the grass Echinolaena inflexa , was considered of high
flammability. Comparing the Echinolaena inflexa Vochysia thyrsoidea,
Palicourea rigida and Lavoisiera bergii, they presented good indexes
that enable them to be of low flammability species, especially the
Palicourea rigida which presented high moisture content (173%), higher
foliar thickness (5.6 mm), volatile contents of 76% and combustion heat
in the field moisture of 1263 cal/g. The results confirmed the low
flammability of Vochysia thyrsoidea, Palicourea rigida and Lavoisiera
bergii being these indicated for the use in green firebreaks
Characterization of forest management plans in the state of Piau\ued
No full textA lenha \ue9 um dos mais importantes produtos florestais da
regi\ue3o Nordeste do Brasil, e cada vez mais \ue9 necess\ue1rio
que sua explora\ue7\ue3o seja feita de maneira sustent\ue1vel.
Nesse sentido, o manejo florestal tem sido uma proposta de
significativa melhoria das caracter\uedsticas ambientais dessa
atividade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e analisar a
atividade de explora\ue7\ue3o florestal por meio de Planos de
Manejo Florestal Sustent\ue1vel (PMFS) no estado do Piau\ued. Foram
analisados dados de localiza\ue7\ue3o e produ\ue7\ue3o, no
per\uedodo de 2010-2015. O diagn\uf3stico dos PMFS do Piau\ued
foi realizado por meio de consulta ao banco de dados da
coordena\ue7\ue3o de licenciamento da Secretaria Estadual de Meio
Ambiente e Recursos H\ueddricos \u2013 SEMAR, no per\uedodo de
janeiro a mar\ue7o de 2016. Os 96 PMFS detentores de
autoriza\ue7\ue3o representaram 117.510,60 hectares de \ue1rea
manejada, em propriedades cujas extens\uf5es variaram de 67,60 a
34.208,00 ha, com \ue1rea manejada por propriedade entre 40,00 e
24.969,00 ha. Os talh\uf5es adotados para a explora\ue7\ue3o
anual tiveram dimens\uf5es entre 7,50 e 1.945,70 ha. O volume anual
autorizado, no per\uedodo, foi de 1.998.986,20 st/ano. A an\ue1lise
dos planos indica que o estado do Piau\ued possui capacidade de
abastecimento de matriz energ\ue9tica proveniente de material lenhoso
oriundo do manejo florestal, e que esta atividade, ainda, resulta em
significativo benef\uedcio ambiental, pelo potencial de
sustentabilidade que apresenta.Wood is one of the most important forest products in the northeast of
Brazil, and it is increasingly necessary that its exploitation can be
carried out in a sustainable way. In this sense, the forest management
has been proposing significant improvement of the environmental
characteristics of this activity. The objective of this paper was to
identify and analyze the activity of forest exploitation through
Sustainable Forest Management Plans (PMFS), in the state of Piau\ued.
The localization and the production data analyzed were in the period
from 2010 to 2015.The diagnosis of PMFS in Piau\ued state was carried
out by consulting the database of the licensing coordination of the
State Department of Environment and Water Resources (SEMAR), from
January to March 2016. The 96 PMFS holders of authorization accounted
for more than 117.510,60 hectares of managed area, in properties in
which extensions ranged from 67.60 to 34,208.00 ha, with an area
managed by property between 40.00 and 24,969.00 ha. The plots adopted
for the annual exploration had dimensions between 7.50 and 1,945.70 ha.
The authorized annual volume in the period was 1,998.986.20 st/year.
The analysis of the plans indicates that the state of Piau\ued has
capacity to supply energy matrix from woody material of forest
management activities and that this still results in a significant
environmental benefit, due to the sustainability potential of the
activity
DNA of high quality isolated from the cortex of Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae)
No full textEuterpe edulis (palmiteiro-ju\ue7ara) \ue9 uma arb\uf3rea de
porte alto que ocorre naturalmente em florestas da Mata Atl\ue2ntica
e Cerrado. Por estas caracter\uedsticas \ue9 dif\uedcil coletar
folhas jovens, sadias e frescas para obten\ue7\ue3o de DNA
gen\uf4mico de boa qualidade para a esp\ue9cie, necess\ue1rias
para estudos de biologia molecular. Visando facilitar coletas a campo
de material biol\uf3gico, neste estudo foi proposto o isolamento de
DNA a partir de tecidos vegetais do c\uf3rtex. Foi comparado o DNA
gen\uf4mico obtido a partir de dois tipos de tecido vegetal, sendo
estes, folhas jovens oriundas de mudas e do c\uf3rtex de plantas
adultas. A integridade do DNA obtido foi confirmada por eletroforese,
revelando DNA gen\uf4mico com pouca degrada\ue7\ue3o e a
qualidade da purifica\ue7\ue3o foi verificada pelos crit\ue9rios
de raz\uf5es de absorb\ue2ncias de 260/280 nm e 260/230 nm,
apresentando padr\ue3o similar nos dois tipos de tecidos avaliados.
As concentra\ue7\uf5es de DNA em folha variaram de 81,9 a 310,1
ng/\u3bcL, e no c\uf3rtex, de 105,2 a 404,8 ng/\u3bcL. A
confirma\ue7\ue3o da qualidade do DNA obtido foi determinada por
amplifica\ue7\ue3o de microssat\ue9lites nos quais os produtos
apresentaram bandas definidas para os dois materiais vegetais. Assim, o
DNA gen\uf4mico isolado a partir do c\uf3rtex de Euterpe edulis
constitui um tecido vegetal adicional para obten\ue7\ue3o de DNA
gen\uf4mico de igual qualidade, quantidade e integridade que o obtido
de folhas, com a vantagem da coleta ser facilitada a campo.Euterpe edulis is an arboreal species of high size that occurs
naturally in the Atlantic Forest and in \u7f5Cerrado\u92 forests.
For these characteristics, it is difficult to collect young, healthy
and fresh leaves to obtain the genomic DNA of sufficient quality for
the species, required for molecular biology studies. To facilitate the
collection of biological material field, this study proposed the
isolation from plant tissue in the cortex. Isolation and analyzes were
carried out compared with the DNA obtained from young leaves coming
from plants and tissue of the cortex of adult plants. The integrity of
the DNA obtained was confirmed by electrophoresis, revealing the
genomic DNA degradation and the low quality of the purification was
checked by absorbance ratios criteria 260/280 nm and 260/230 nm, with a
similar pattern in both types of tissues evaluated. DNA concentrations
ranged from 81.9 to 310.1 ng/\u3bcl and cortex, from 105.2 to 404.8
ng/\u3bcl. The confirmation of the quality of the DNA obtained was
determined by microsatellite amplification, where the products showed
bands defined for both plant materials. Thus, the genomic DNA isolated
from the cortex of Euterpe edulis, constitutes an additional plant
tissue to obtain a genomic DNA of equal quality, quantity and integrity
of the obtained sheets with the advantage of the collecting being
facilitated in the field
Chrysomelid beetles in eucalyptus plantations in Minas Gerais State, Brazil
No full textcultura do eucalipto tem crescido nos \ufaltimos anos na
Mesorregi\ue3o da Zona da Mata Mineira. Entretanto, apesar dos
fatores favor\ue1veis para o estabelecimento de plantios de eucalipto
nessa regi\ue3o, a ocorr\ueancia de besouros desfolhadores da
fam\uedlia Chrysomelidae pode inviabilizar tais projetos florestais.
Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar e caracterizar a
ocorr\ueancia desses besouros em plantios de eucalipto localizados na
Zona da Mata Mineira. Foi avaliado apenas um plantio por localidade com
base no primeiro relato de ocorr\ueancia desses insetos. Em cada
plantio, 100 \ue1rvores foram amostradas para obten\ue7\ue3o do
percentual de \ue1rvores atacadas. Verificou-se a presen\ue7a de
Costalimaita ferruginea, Agrianes validicornis e Metaxyonycha angusta
injuriando \ue1rvores de eucalipto em Astolfo Dutra, Coimbra,
Vi\ue7osa e Visconde do Rio Branco. Apenas Costalimaita ferruginea
ocorreu em n\uedvel de surto nos quatro plantios vistoriados.
Constatou-se que, em Visconde do Rio Branco, todas as \ue1rvores
estavam atacadas por Costalimaita ferruginea e em Vi\ue7osa, Coimbra
e Astolfo Dutra o percentual de ataque foi de 15%, 46% e 64%,
respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho servem de alerta
para os produtores que j\ue1 possuem plantios localizados na
regi\ue3o da Zona da Mata Mineira e para aqueles que pretendem
estabelecer novos plantios, assim como para o poder p\ufablico que
fornece assist\ueancia t\ue9cnica aos pequenos produtores.Eucalyptus plantations have been growing in the last years in the
Mesoregion of Zona da Mata Mineira, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.
However, in spite of the favorable factors for the establishment of
eucalypt plantations in this region, the occurrence of leaf-eating
beetles of the family Chrysomelidae can make such forest projects
unfeasible. Therefore, this work aimed to record and characterize the
occurrence of leaf-eating beetles in eucalypt plantations located in
Zona da Mata Mineira. One plantation by location was evaluated based in
the first record of occurrence of the insects in the year 2008. In each
plantation, 100 trees were sampled to obtain the frequency of damaged
trees. The following beetles were observed: Costalimaita ferruginea;
Agrianes validicornis and Metaxyonycha angusta, damaging eucalypt trees
in Astolfo Dutra, Coimbra, Vi\ue7osa and Visconde do Rio Branco
counties. Only outbreaks of Costalimaita ferruginea happened in the
four plantations evaluated. In Visconde do Rio Branco, all the trees
were damaged by Costalimaita ferruginea and in Vi\ue7osa, Coimbra and
Astolfo Dutra 15%, 46% and 64% were damaged, respectively. The results
obtained in this work serve as an alert for authorities and forest
growers acting in the Zona da Mata Mineira, Minas Gerais state
Rational water use by applying regulated deficit and partial root-zone drying irrigation techniques in tomato under arid conditions
No full textThis study involved exploring the opportunities of using regulated
deficit irrigation and partial root zone drying approaches as
water-saving irrigation methods in a tomato crop ( Solanum lycopersicum
L.) based on irrigation scheduling. The Partial Root Zone Drying
Irrigation practice simply involved interchanging the wet and dry sides
in subsequent irrigations. The field experiment was conducted in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the fall season of 2014-2015 and
2015-2016. The following three irrigation treatments were tested during
both years under a drip irrigation system: (1) full irrigation (FI), as
a control treatment; (2) regulated deficit irrigation (RDI); and (3)
partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD). Both RDI and PRD treatments
received 70% of the irrigation water volume of full irrigation (FI).
The obtained results indicated that the soil water content of PRD
treatment was higher and conserved more soil moisture than that in the
RDI treatment. Data for both years indicated that FI exhibited the
highest stomatal conductance (gs) values while PRD exhibited the lowest
gs values among all the treatments. Under PRD treatment, the dry fruit
yield was the highest when compared with RDI and FI treatments for both
years. Deficit irrigation treatments result in higher abscisic acid
(ABA) concentration in the xylem when compared to that in FI. The vast
majority of most extreme irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values
were involved with PRD while most of the minimum IWUE values were
coupled with FI. These results indicate the effects of deficit level
irrigation on IWUE
Preliminary comparisons of early generation individual selection efficiency of a local wheat landrace under different experimental field designs
No full textWheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) landraces are traditional adapted
varieties developed and used by farmers but not usually improved by
breeders. The objective of our study was to compare the efficiency of
three different methods (arrangements) of homogeneity blocks to produce
high-yield progenies during the breeding procedure of a local bread
wheat landrace. This original genetic material underwent a mass
selection scheme in F2 individual plants in three different
experimental designs to reduce soil heterogeneity (honeycomb, gridding,
double rows); selection was based on individual plant grain weight. In
F3 lines, bulk density was the selection criterion in a specific
arrangement that divided the experimental field into three plots for 12
subplots to reduce soil heterogeneity. The F4 lines were evaluated in
randomized complete block trials for 2 yr based on grain yield,
1000-kernel weight, and bulk density. Progenies from the three
different experimental designs were compared. The gridding method
seemed more efficient for evaluating sister lines because it maximized
yields, provided a greater number of promising lines, and F3/F4
correlations were high and significant. Wheat plants did not perform
well under the double row system (mean bulk density 756 g L-1).
Heritability was high for all studied traits (0.93) and bulk density
was a reliable criterion for selecting promising genetic materials
(90.1% genotype contribution in variability) and revealed differences
between methods. The local landrace was unstable and exhibited specific
adaptability to the cultivated environment. Selected lines (from the
most efficient method) improved yield performance by 11% on the average
compared with the original population
PCR diagnosis and in vitro sanitation of the papaya MSXJ hybrid with ringspot virus disease
No full textPapaya ( Carica papaya L.) is a tropical fruit with a high
nutritional value. Current problems affecting its cultivation are the
limited number of exploited varieties and its susceptibility to pests
and diseases. The papaya MSXJ hybrid is resistant to pests and
diseases, and its organoleptic characteristics are prominent compared
with most papaya genotypes on the market. Samples of Papaya ringspot
virus (PRSV) disease were evaluated by in vitro culture of the apical
meristems and thermotherapy.Sanitation of apical meristems was
accomplished by regenerating them with or without light and
thermotherapy was performed at 40 and 45 \ub0C for 4 and 7 h,
respectively. Both situations were observed for 45 d to evaluate
survival, regeneration, and sanitation by reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In vitro culture of the meristems
in total darkness obtained the highest survival rate (87%) and
regeneration (22%) compared with the treatments under photoperiod (21%
and 18%, respectively). Under both study conditions, sanitation in PRSV
was 100% of the meristems. Plants subjected to thermotherapy showed a
higher survival rate (99.92%) at 40 \ub0C for 4 h and sanitation of
80.2%