Bioline International
Not a member yet
20181 research outputs found
Sort by
INSIGHTS IN \u201cKHEMISS-TWEIRA\u201d AS A FAMINE PEARL MILLET COPING STRATEGY IN DARFUR STATE, SUDAN
No full textIn an effort to intervene in the relentless food shortages during
famine periods in Darfur and elsewhere in the country, the Sudanese
Government has vested interest in exploiting indigenous food resources
that are often given less development attention. The objective of this
study was to gain insights in the value and other perceptions
associated with, Khemiss-tweira, together with pearl millet (
Pennisetum glaucum ) as a famine coping food security crop in Darfur,
Sudan. The study was conducted in the displacement camps in El-Fasher
in North Darfur, with a particular focus on Naivasha markets. The data
were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, on a sample size
of 140 respondents. The study found that food was mostly scarce during
summer times. The majority of respondents (27.9%) used Khemiss-tweira
during the famine time. A large proporstion of respondents in El-Fasher
(92.1%) were familiar with Khemiss-tweira. The predominate method of
preparation Khemiss-tweira was in the sequence of
germination-fermentation- baking-drying-adding sugar and salt. The only
difference was in the last additions where only peanuts, dates or
sesame were the ingredients. The crop could be stored for more than a
year without reported deterioration in food value and quality.
Khemiss-tweira was commended for high acceptability by majority of the
s respondents (91.4%).Dans un effort pour intervenir dans les p\ue9nuries alimentaires
incessantes pendant les p\ue9riodes de famine au Darfour et ailleurs
dans le pays, le gouvernement soudanais a tout int\ue9r\ueat \ue0
exploiter les ressources alimentaires indig\ue8nes qui re\ue7oivent
souvent moins d\u2019attention en mati\ue8re de d\ue9veloppement.
L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait de mieux comprendre la
valeur et d\u2019autres perceptions associ\ue9es au Khemiss-tweira,
ainsi qu\u2019au millet perl\ue9 (Pennisetum glaucum) en tant que
culture de s\ue9curit\ue9 alimentaire faisant face \ue0 la famine
au Darfour, au Soudan. L\u2019\ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 men\ue9e
dans les camps de d\ue9plac\ue9s d\u2019El-Fasher au Nord-Darfour,
avec un accent particulier sur les march\ue9s de Naivasha. Les
donn\ue9es ont \ue9t\ue9 recueillies \ue0 l\u2019aide
d\u2019un questionnaire semi-structur\ue9, sur un \ue9chantillon
de 140 r\ue9pondants. L\u2019\ue9tude a r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9 que
la nourriture \ue9tait la plupart du temps rare pendant les
p\ue9riodes estivales. La majorit\ue9 des r\ue9pondants (27,9%)
ont utilis\ue9 Khemiss-tweira pendant la p\ue9riode de famine. Une
grande partie des personnes interrog\ue9es \ue0 El-Fasher (92,1%)
connaissaient Khemiss-tweira. La m\ue9thode pr\ue9dominante de
pr\ue9paration Khemiss-tweira \ue9tait dans la s\ue9quence de
germination-fermentation-cuisson-s\ue9chage-ajout de sucre et de sel.
La seule diff\ue9rence \ue9tait dans les derniers ajouts o\uf9
seuls les cacahu\ue8tes, les dattes ou le s\ue9same \ue9taient
les ingr\ue9dients. La r\ue9colte pourrait \ueatre stock\ue9e
pendant plus d\u2019un an sans que l\u2019on signale une
d\ue9t\ue9rioration de la valeur et de la qualit\ue9 des
aliments. Khemiss-tweira a \ue9t\ue9 f\ue9licit\ue9 pour sa
grande acceptabilit\ue9 par la majorit\ue9 des r\ue9pondants
(91,4%)
SURVEY OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES AND DISEASE SEVERITY OF COMMON BEAN LINES EVALUATED FOR REACTION TO ROOT KNOT NEMATODES INFESTATION
Full text linkPlant parasitic nematodes are important pests in crop production in
sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to identify the
occurrence of nematodes associated with common bean ( Phaseolus
vulgaris L.) and evaluate breeding lines for their reaction to
Meloidogyne spp. in Ghana. Common bean rhizosphere soil was sampled
and processed using Modified Baermann Tray method. Five nematode
genera, namely Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus , Rotylenchulus ,
Helicotylenchus and Trichodorus were extracted. The first four
genera listed above were prevalent across locations, with Trichodorus
present in 30% of the fields sampled. The highest nematode population
density of 319 juveniles per 200 cubic centimeter of soil was recorded
for Meloidogyne spp. compared to 45 juveniles per 200 cubic centimeter,
for Trichodorus. Twelve breeding lines were evaluated by inoculating
roots of two-weeks-old plants with 2000 infective-stage juveniles of
Meloidogyne sp. Reactions of test lines to Meloidogyne sp. infection
were assessed by determining the number of egg masses and galling index
(GI) on roots. Reproduction index (RI) was used to classify test lines
as resistant or susceptible. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were
observed in the number of eggs, GI and RI among lines tested. No
resistant line was identified; however, lines SEF 47, BFS 35 and BFS 60
were moderately resistant, with RI of 13.1, 17.4 and 23.7%,
respectively. Line SEF 60, although classified as slightly resistant,
recorded a 100 seed weight of 26.0 g, which was 60% higher than line
SEF 53 with seed weight of 16.2 g. Moderately resistant common bean
lines identified could be used in common bean improvement programmes to
develop elite cultivars tolerant to root knot nematodes.Les n\ue9matodes phytoparasites sont des ravageurs importants dans la
production agricole. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait
d\u2019identifier la pr\ue9sence de n\ue9matodes associ\ue9s au
haricot commun (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) et d\u2019\ue9valuer les
lign\ue9es g\ue9n\ue9alogiques pour leur r\ue9action \ue0
Meloidogyne spp. au Ghana. Le sol de la rhizosph\ue8re du haricot
commun a \ue9t\ue9 \ue9chantillonn\ue9 et trait\ue9 \ue0
l\u2019aide de la m\ue9thode du plateau de Baermann modifi\ue9.
Cinq genres de n\ue9matodes, \ue0 savoir Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus,
Rotylenchulus, Helicotylenchus et Trichodorus ont \ue9t\ue9
extraits. Les quatre premiers genres \ue9num\ue9r\ue9s ci-dessus
\ue9taient r\ue9pandus dans tous les emplacements, avec Trichodorus
pr\ue9sent dans 30% des champs \ue9chantillonn\ue9s. La
densit\ue9 de population de n\ue9matodes la plus \ue9lev\ue9e
de 319 juv\ue9niles par 200/cm3 de sol a \ue9t\ue9
enregistr\ue9e pour Meloidogyne spp. contre 45 juv\ue9niles par
200/cm3 pour Trichodorus. Douze lign\ue9es ont \ue9t\ue9
\ue9valu\ue9es en inoculant les racines de plantes \ue2g\ue9es
de deux semaines avec 2000 juv\ue9niles au stade infectieux de
Meloidogyne sp. R\ue9actions des lign\ue9es de test \ue0
Meloidogyne sp. l\u2019infection ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9valu\ue9es
en d\ue9terminant le nombre de masse d\u2019\u153ufs et
l\u2019indice de galle (IG) sur les racines. L\u2019indice de
reproduction (RI) a \ue9t\ue9 utilis\ue9 pour classer les
lign\ue9es de test comme r\ue9sistantes ou sensibles. Des
diff\ue9rences significatives (P < 0,05) ont \ue9t\ue9
observ\ue9es dans le nombre d\u2019\u153ufs, GI et RI parmi les
lign\ue9es test\ue9es. Aucune lign\ue9e r\ue9sistante n\u2019a
\ue9t\ue9 identifi\ue9e ; cependant, les lign\ue9es SEF 47, BFS
35 et BFS 60 \ue9taient mod\ue9r\ue9ment r\ue9sistantes, avec
un RI de 13,1, 17,4 et 23,7 %, respectivement. La lign\ue9e SEF 60,
bien que class\ue9e comme l\ue9g\ue8rement r\ue9sistante, a
enregistr\ue9 un poids de 100 graines de 26,0 g, soit 60 % de plus
que la lign\ue9e SEF 53 avec un poids de graines de 16,2 g. Les
lign\ue9es de haricot commun mod\ue9r\ue9ment r\ue9sistantes
identifi\ue9es pourraient \ueatre utilis\ue9es dans les
programmes d\u2019am\ue9lioration du haricot commun pour
d\ue9velopper des cultivars d\u2019\ue9lite tol\ue9rants aux
n\ue9matodes \ue0 galles
Assessment of Extension Officers Contribution to Cocoa Production in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study was carried out to evaluate the extension officer
contribution to cocoa production in Nigeria. Multistage sampling
technique was used, where two hundred and sixteen questionnaires were
distributed in Osun and Ondo state , the information gathered were
analyzed using descriptive statistic such as; frequency and percentage,
while chi-square analysis was used to analyze the data obtained. From
the results, married (77.6%), male (84.0%), secondary school holders
(52.0%), between 40-49 (34.4%) years old farmers were seen as the
highest cocoa producers. Extension training(64.0%), commercial
agents(64.0%), fellowship(52.8%), self observation(76.0%) were the best
source of information on extension service of cocoa farming , most
respondents (65.0%); get extension training programme at regular basis,
identified Constraints facing cocoa production in the study area
includes deficient credit facilities, high cost of labour, bad road,
poor marketing/storage facilities, lack of technical knowledge / assess
to technical tools and so on. in view of afore mentioned result it is
therefore recommended that the government should make loan available to
the cocoa famers at very low interest rate and urge cocoa farmers to
form cooperative society, strengthen their agricultural extension
agents so that they will be able to rain cocoa farmers on the basic
things they should know about primary processing such as fermentation
and drying of cocoa beans in improving the quality in Nigeria to meet
international market
Heavy Metal Uptake Responses in Plants Grown on Crude Oil-Polluted Soils as Prospects for Phytoremediation
Full text linkThe demand and utilization of petroleum products have re-energized its
exploration and exploitation globally and this upsurge in world
production, refining and distribution of petroleum products have
brought with it various problems of environmental pollution, which have
effects on the ecosystems. Twenty (24) polyethylene pots each
containing 7 kg of sandy loam soil mixed with 50 ml of crude oil, were
arranged in the Botanical garden of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria,
to assess their ability to phytoextract heavy metals in Crude
oil-polluted soil. Seeds of Amaranthus hybridus L., Tithonia
diversifolia , Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Zea mays were sown in
polyethylene containers containing 7 kg of contaminated or Control
soil. The containers were arranged in a complete randomized design.
Plants were left to grow for two months with regular watering. Plants
were harvested, separated into roots and shoots and oven-dried to
constant weight. The experimental plants have been able to reduce the
concentration of Cu in both soils by about 45% to 85%, Cr in the soil
by 92.08% to 96.72%, as the residual concentration varied between 66.00
mg/kg and 99.00 mg/kg, Cd in the soil was reduced to 4.00 mg/kg and 17
mg/kg which represented 96.8% and 86.4% reduction. Tithonia had the
highest Pb reduction in crude oil-polluted soil. Ni concentration was
reduced by 85.84% by Tithonia planted in crude oil-polluted soil,
94.59% by Amaranthus hybridus planted in Control soil. These show that
all the test plants were good phytoextractors of the metals
Women Empowerment Perspective of Tourism Development at Idanre Hills, Ondo State, Nigeria
Full text linkTourism has established new opportunities for the female gender through
generating and propagating independence and income, particularly in
developing countries and rural communities. This study identifies
socio-demographic characteristics, employment status and women
empowerment initiatives at Idanre Hills, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study
employed the use of structured questionnaire targeted randomly at 120
women residents of Idanre community. Data collected was analyzed using
SPSS version 21 and results were presented descriptively; through
charts, percentage tables and inferentially; through chi square.
Results indicated that majority of the women are within age group of
36-45 years (36.7%) and have secondary education (50.8%). Also, highest
percentage of the women are not employed by the ministry of tourism
(89.2%) while majority of the women employed are cleaners (46.67%). The
women are majorly basic food sellers (38.3%) at the tourism destination
and this forms their role in tourism activities there. Furthermore,
there is a significant relationship between employment status and
socio-demographic characteristics of the women (p<0.05). Women are
presently under-utilized and under-empowered and should be involved
more in core tourism activities at Idanre Hills
Substance Abuse among In-School and Out-Of-School Youth in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to investigate substance abuse amongst
in-school and out-of-school youth in Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria using
cross-sectional descriptive survey. In the course of the survey, the
commonly use substances, causes, effects, and protection were assessed.
The data obtained show that, most of the respondents were males (93%),
only few were females (6.7%). All the respondents were Muslims. Most of
the out-of-school youth (OSY) were married (80%) and only 6.7% are
married among in-school youth (ISY).The respondent\u2019s age was
within 18-22 years in most cases. Most (80%) of ISY were at senior
secondary classes, 46.7% of OSY left school after primary education,
26.7% never attended school. Most of the respondents have more than 2
kids (93.3%), only 6.7% have about 10 kids. Commonly cited drugs are:
cigarette, cannabis, alcohol, inhalants, tranquilizers, opiates, and
hallucinogens. Reasons for substance abuse were: social/ peer pressure,
rebellion, overwork/learning, shyness, fear, parental influence, fun
and lack of role model. It also revealed that ISY started drug use
earlier than the OSY. Friends, drug pushers, curiosity introduced youth
to drugs. Effects of substance abuse are: bad temper, disturbed sleep,
ill-health, depression, anxiety, tiredness, disrespect, failure at
workplace/school on individual. At family level the effects include:
disgrace, breakdown of relationship, loss of confidence in child, and
ill-health. While at friend\u2019s level, the effects include:
breakdown of relationship, fear, anxiety. And at community or society
levels, the effects listed were: crime, reduced productivity, violence,
ill-health, high cost of treatment, accidents. To protect youth from
substance abuse diverse efforts by government and NGOs and
interventions are required
Identification and Abundance of Plant-parasitic Nematodes Associated with Amenity Trees in the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Full text linkPlant-parasitic nematodes contribute to unnoticeable damages which lead
to gradual decline in the values and eventually death of amenity trees.
Identification of these nematode pests is vital for their effective
management. Reconnaissance survey was carried out to identify amenity
tree species present in the University of Port Harcourt(UNIPORT).
Composite bulked soil and root samples (126) were collected from
amenity trees in UNIPORT and nematode pests were extracted from samples
using modified Baerman method. The nematode pests were identified and
their populations determined using standard procedures. Relative
importance value (RIV) and diversity indices were calculated with
appropriate software. Data were processed using descriptive statistics
and with analysis of variance. 38 tree species were identified in
UNIPORT belonging to 20 families. Terminalia mantaly , Cocos nucifera
and Terminalia catappa with RIVs of 15.1, 9.35, and 9.12
respectively were the three most important amenity trees in UNIPORT.
Fifteen nematode pest genera; Helicotylenchus , Aporcelaimus ,
Tylenchulus , Meloidogyne , Scutelonema , Pratylenchus , Tylenchus
, Rotylenchoides, Criconema , Hemicyliophora, Trichodorus ,
Mesodorylaimus , Heterodera , Paratylenchus and Longidorus were
associated with 21 of the amenity trees. The three most important
nematode pest genera were Helicotylenchus, Tylenchulus and Aporcelaimus
with RIVs of 42%, 16% and 5.34%, respectively. Helicotylenchus (RIV
45.41%) and Tylenchulus (RIV 30%) were the most important
plant-parasitic nematode genera in the soil and roots of amenity trees,
respectively. Helicotylenchus, Tylenchulus and Aporcelaimus were the
three most important plant-parasitic nematode genera associated with
amenity trees in UNIPORT
Synthesis and Growth of Spherical ZnO Nanoparticles Using Different Amount of Plant Extract; Characterization and Morphology of Structures
Full text linkThe use of plant extracts has become an interesting ecofriendly method
to synthesize and stabilize the different structures nanoparticles
(NPs). This work investigated the effect of plant extract as a reducing
and stabilizing agent on the growth and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles
(ZnO-NPs). Green synthesis and growth of spherical ZnONPs was carried
out by co-precipitation method using a Zinc acetate salt and various
amounts of Azadirachta indica seed husk extract (20 ml and 40 ml).
The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized by Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR analyses revealed the
presence of Phenolic alcohol, amines and carboxylic acid groups and ZnO
in synthesized NPs with more intense peaks at higher amount (40 ml) of
A. indica extract. Also, structural morphology analyses using SEM
revealed uniform spherical shaped particles with diameter from 25 to 60
nm (20 ml of extract) and 19 to 35 nm (40 ml of extract) for ZnO-NPs.
The EDX spectral revealed that the required phase of Zn and O was
present 69.54% (Zn) and 30.46% (O) at 20 ml of extract, also 73.71%
(Zn), 26.26% (O) at 40 ml of extract respectively and confirmed high
purity for the synthesized ZnO NPs. TEM revealed spherical shaped NPs
with diameter ranging from 28 to 52 nm (20 ml of extract) and 8.2 to
11.9 nm (40 ml of extract) respectively, with a trend reduction in
particle size of NPs at higher amount of A. indica seed extract (40 ml)
and growth of more uniform particles with no agglomeration. The study
showed successful growth of spherical ZnO-NPs with required properties
at a higher amount of extract
Conservation Status and Habitat Preferences of Common Warthog ( Phacochoerus Africanus ) in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study assessed the conservation status and habitat preference of
Common warthog in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria using direct sighting
and line transect method. The abundance estimate and encounter rate of
common Warthog in the study area from 2018-2019 showed that year 2018
recorded 213 individuals at an encounter rate of 0.38/km while year
2019 recorded 184 individuals at an encounter rate of 0.32/km while the
mean abundance estimate of common Warthog are 4.65\ub10.64 and
1.71\ub10.48 which represents 156 and 58 individuals at encounter
rate of 0.55/km and 0.20/km in the wet season and dry season of year
2018 compared to year 2019 with average abundance estimate value of
4.00\ub10.85 and 1.41\ub10.61 which represents 135 and 48
individuals at an encounter rate of 0.47/km and 0.17/km for wet and dry
season respectively. The mean age structure and sex ratio of the
observed warthog population during dry and wet seasons revealed that
juveniles had highest mean of age structures among the populations
observed across the seasons. The habitat preference of common warthog
revealed that they are mostly found in mixed woodland and open savanna
with 112 observation and the lowest was recorded in the outcrop
vegetation and open savanna with 21 individuals.in the wet season.
During the dry season, mixed woodland/open savanna and Riparian
grassland had the highest sightings of 45 and 33 individuals each. The
outcrop vegetation/open savanna had the lowest observation of 1
individuals only. The study also recommends that more aspect of the
ecology of the animal should be studied in details and emphasis should
be placed on the habitat requirements
Impact of Fluid Properties on Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) Performance and Run Life in a Well
Full text linkThe primary goal of every operator is to optimally recover reserves at
minimal operating costs. Unfortunately, due to inherent primary drive
mechanisms that may not be strong enough and poorly designed completion
jewelries that increases the complexity of well configurations, most
reservoir are not efficiently depleted. This study investigates the
impact of fluid properties on electric submersible pumps (ESP)
performance and run life in a well. It was observed that the pump speed
increases with increase in API gravities and vice-versa. However,
decrease in pump speed was observed with crudes having high API gravity
from wells with high water-cut (HBSW). High water-cut increases the
viscosity of the crude and thus decreases the pump speed. The pump
speed also increased as the GOR increases, howbeit, decreased as the
GOR exceeds a certain optimum value due to cavitation. The pump intake
pressure and the production rate were also investigated. The higher the
intake pressure, the higher the pump speed and thus, the higher the
production. Well specific models for real-time ESP performance
prediction were also developed for each property against the pump speed
and they exhibited cubic relationships. It was also observed that the
quality of the crude significantly affects the performance of
ESP\u2019s and therefore, must be checked to prevent early failure and
short run life