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Litter removal impact on an edaphic arthropod community in abandoned Corymbiacitriodora plantations
No full textExperimentos de manipula\u447\u443o podem contribuir para a
compreens\u443o do papel ecol\u453gico da serapilheira em
ecossistemas florestais. No entanto, h\u441 poucos estudos desta
natureza. Os efeitos da remo\u447\u443o da camada de serapilheira
(RS) foram avaliados sobre a comunidade de artr\u453podes do solo em
dois plantios abandonados de Corymbia citriodora, em diferentes
est\u441gios de regenera\u447\u443o natural de esp\u449cies
nativas de Mata Atl\u442ntica. Armadilhas de queda foram instaladas
aleatoriamente em 5 parcelas (5 x 20 m) de RS e controle (CT), no
plantio com 19 anos de idade (P19: est\u441gio menos avan\u447ado;
maior participa\u447\u443o da serapilheira de eucalipto) e plantio
com 42 anos (P42: est\u441gio mais avan\u447ado de
regenera\u447\u443o; maior participa\u447\u443o da serapilheira
de esp\u449cies nativas), nas esta\u447\u455es chuvosa e seca, na
Reserva Biol\u453gica Uni\u443o, RJ, Brasil. A maioria dos grupos
taxon\u454micos apresentou inibi\u447\u443o da abund\u442ncia
com a RS, no P19 e P42. De uma maneira geral, Diptera, Poduromorpha,
Pseudoscorpionida, Symphypleona e larvas de Coleoptera foram os
principais grupos impactados negativamente pela RS. Por outro lado,
alguns grupos foram favorecidos pela RS, principalmente
Entomobryomorpha e Formicidae. A RS diminuiu a riqueza total,
uniformidade e diversidade de artr\u453podes ed\u441ficos em ambos
os plantios. Contudo, este efeito negativo foi mais importante no P19,
no qual tamb\u449m ocorreu a diminui\u447\u443o da
abund\u442ncia total e riqueza m\u449dia. O maior fechamento do
dossel provavelmente minimizou o impacto negativo da RS sobre os
artr\u453podes ed\u441ficos no P42.Manipulation experiments can contribute to understand the ecological
role of litter in forest ecosystems. However, there are few studies of
this nature. We evaluated the effects of the litter layer removal (RS)
on the soil arthropod community in two abandoned plantations of
Corymbia citriodora at different stages of the Atlantic Rainforest
natural regeneration. Pitfall traps were randomly installed in plots (5
x 20 m) of RS and control (CT) in a 19-year old plantation (P19: less
advanced stage of natural regeneration of Atlantic Rainforest species;
higher contribution of eucalypt in litterfall) and a 42-year old
plantation (P42: more advanced stage of regeneration; higher
contribution of native species in litterfall), in rainy season and dry
season at \u91Uni\u443o Biological Reserve\u92, RJ state, Brazil.
RS inhibited the abundance of the most taxonomic groups, both in P19
and P42. In general, Diptera, Poduromorpha, Pseudoscorpionida,
Symphypleona, and larvae of Coleoptera were the most negatively
impacted groups by RS. In contrast, RS favored some other groups,
principally Entomobryomorpha and Formicidae. Total richness, evenness
and diversity were lower in RS in both plantations. However, this
negative effect was stronger in the P19, where RS also decreased total
abundance and average richness. The higher canopy closure probable
minimized the negative impact of RS on the soil arthropods in P42
Quali-Quantitative evaluation of arborization in the urban zone of the municipalities of Beberibe and Cascavel, Cear\ue1 State, Brazil
No full textA presente pesquisa objetivou realizar um invent\ue1rio
fitossociol\uf3gico qualiquantitativo, do tipo censo, das ruas e
avenidas da zona urbana dos munic\uedpios de Beberibe e Cascavel,
Cear\ue1. A an\ue1lise foi realizada no per\uedodo de ago/2014
\ue0 jul/2016. Foram inventariados 636 indiv\uedduos, sendo 512 de
Cascavel e 124 de Beberibe, distribu\ueddos em 18 esp\ue9cies e 12
fam\uedlias, das quais Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) foi
a mais representativa. Outras esp\ue9cies em destaque foram: Syzygium
malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry (8,33%), Ficus benjamina L.
(5,35%) e Gossypium arboreum L. (2,99%). H\ue1 um elevado
percentual (98,74%) de plantas ex\uf3ticas, inclusive dentre as
esp\ue9cies frut\uedferas. Em geral Beberibe apresenta plantas de
menor porte e melhor estado geral; Cascavel apresenta plantas com mais
danos e menor fitossanidade, tal fato pode ser explicado pelo menor
\uedndice de diversidade (H\u92=0,4) e maior quantidade de podas.
Logo, pondera-se que o estudo da arboriza\ue7\ue3o urbana \ue9
necess\ue1rio e importante para assessorar a gest\ue3o
p\ufablica.The objective of this study was to carry out a quali-quantitative
phytosociological inventory and assessment along the streets and
avenues of the urban zone of the municipalities of Beberibe and
Cascavel (Cear\ue1 state). The trees were analyzed from August 2014
to July 2016. A total of 636 individuals were inventoried, 512 in
Cascavel and 124 in Beberibe, distributed in 18 species and 12
families, of which Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) was the
most representative one. The other featured species were: Syzygium
malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry (8,33%), Ficus benjamina L.
(5,35%) e Gossypium arboreum L. (2,99%). There was a high percentage
(98.74%) of exotic species, including among the fruit species. In
general, the trees in Beberibe were found to be smaller, with better
general health. Cascavel presents plants with more damage and less
phytosanitary, this fact can be explained by the lower diversity index
(H \u7f5= 0.4) and higher amount of pruning. The study of urban
arborization is important to support public management
Slow growth in vitro culture for conservation of Chilotanum potato germplasm
No full textTo keep potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) germplasm accessions
disease-free and available for use, these are conserved as in vitro
microplants under tissue culture conditions. The management of in vitro
plants is labor intensive due to the necessity of periodic transferring
of explants to new containers and fresh medium (sub culturing). The
effectiveness of MS medium supplemented with sorbitol or mannitol in
conservation of potato germplasm corresponding to different genotypes
from Chilean native landraces (Chilotanum group) was investigated.
Growth curves for modelling, describing and predicting shoot elongation
of in vitro potato plants through the time in different culture media
were developed as a tool to plan subculture labor for refreshing
explants to new media. In MS medium without osmotic active compounds
the rate of shoot elongation (k) was 1.12-1.45 cm wk-1 with 0%
mortality. In media supplemented with 20, 40, and 60 g L-1 sorbitol, k
value ranged between 0.58-0.35, 0.42-0.27 and 0.09-0.05 cm wk-1,
respectively. Mortality was 0%, 13%, and 26% for such treatments. In
case of mannitol, k value ranged between 0.14-0.25, 0.065-0.11 and
0.042-0.068 cm wk-1 with 3%, 6%, and 26% mortality for 20, 40, and 60 g
L-1, respectively. These data can be used to predict shoot elongation
rate in different media that provide several alternatives of speed of
growth. The information allows to design an adequate strategy for
organizing the work in a potato germplasm bank of S. tuberosum,
Chilotanum group
Classification of wheat kernels infected with fungi of the genus Fusarium using discriminative classifiers and neural networks
No full textFusarium head blight (FHB) compromises the processing suitability and
nutritional value of grain, and it causes significant crop losses. The
aim of the study was to develop models for the classification of wheat
( Triticum aestivum L.) kernels infected with fungi and healthy wheat
kernels. Wheat kernels were classified with the use of Decision Tree,
Rule-based, Bayes, Lazy, Meta and Function classifiers, as well as
multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF) and
probabilistic neural networks (PNN). Twenty textures were selected from
RGB, Lab, XYZ colour spaces each, for every wheat variety and each
kernel side. Accuracy ranged from 82% for the dorsal side of kernels
for Naive Bayes and IBk classifiers to 100% for the ventral side of
kernels for IBk, FLDA and Naive Bayes classifiers. Classification
accuracy was highest in the model based on texture attributes from Lab
colour space. The final model of 20 attributes from Lab colour space
was applied to a set of kernels from all wheat varieties, analysed on
the ventral side. The accuracy of the classification model ranged from
94% to 98%, depending on the applied classifier. The models developed
with the use of neural networks were characterised by overall
classification accuracy of above 99% for MLP networks, above 96% for
RBF networks and above 97% for PNN. The developed models indicate that
analyses should be performed on the ventral side of kernels based on
textures from Lab colour space
Biodegradable polymers as floating row covers in field production of radish
No full textPolypropylene (PP) covers are used in radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.
sativus) production to provide better microclimate for improving yield
and quality, but disposing of non-degradable covers is difficult and
expensive. In this work, nonwovens prepared from biodegradable polymers
(aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters with and without fatty acid dimers:
SB48/11, SB20/13, SB21/13, SB28/13) were tested in the field as
substitutes for nonwoven PP. Minimum air temperature under
biodegradable covers was higher by 0.6-0.8 \ub0C than under nonwoven
PP, but photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmission was
lower by 4.1% (SB20/13) and 7.1% (SB21/13). We observed a decrease in
marketable yield of plants covered with biodegradable fleeces by 1.01
to 2.90 kg m-2 (SB48/11 and SB28/13, respectively) in spring seasons,
but similar yields to nonwoven PP were obtained in the autumn seasons.
Dry weight, soluble sugars, L-ascorbic acid, pigments content in radish
was dependent on a specific set of environmental conditions rather than
on the type of cover. However, L-ascorbic acid content in the roots
increased significantly by 6.4 and 2.9 mg 100 g-1 FW for SB48/11 and
SB20/13 (in one trial), respectively, as compared to nonwoven PP. It is
possible to use biodegradable nonwovens as floating covers for radish
cultivated in seasons with temperature drops
Inheritance of seed quality traits and concentrations of zinc and iron in maize topcross hybrids
Get PDFInformation about the mode of inheritance of maize ( Zea mays L.)
seed quality traits is crucial in planning for improvement programmes
for such traits. The objective study was to determine mode of
inheritance and interrelationships between seed quality traits, and Fe
and Zn contents in maize. Twenty-six maize genotypes were considered
for evaluation in this study. Additive gene action was prevalent for
most seed quality traits (>50%); while non-additive gene action was
preponderant for Fe and Zn concentrations. Inbreds TZEEI82 and TZEEI64
were outstanding in terms of GCA male effects for conductivity (-0.13**
and -0.06*), root number (0.79** and 0.30*), and root fresh weight
(0.90*). Genotypes TZEEI81, DTE-STR-Y-SYN-POP-C3, 2009-TZEEI-OR1-STR
and 2009-TZEE-OR1-STR-QPM were identified as excellent pollen parents
for Fe concentration; and TZEEI58 and TZEEI64 for Zn concentration. In
addition, only germination index had a significant additive genetic
relationship with Fe content (r=0.57*); while both shoot fresh and dry
weights had significant positive correlations with Zn content (r=0.45*,
0.53*). Overall, it is clear that different modes of gene action
control inheritance of seed quality traits and Fe and Zn
concentrations.L\u2018 information sur le mode de transmission des caract\ue8res de
qualit\ue9 des semences de ma\uefs ( Zea mays L.) est cruciale
dans la planification d\u2019un programme d\u2019am\ue9lioration de
ces caract\ue8res. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait de
d\ue9terminer le mode d\u2019h\ue9r\ue9dit\ue9 et les
relations entre les caract\ue8res de qualit\ue9 des semences et les
teneurs en Fe et Zn du ma\uefs. Vingt-six g\ue9notypes de ma\uefs
ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9valu\ue9s pour les caract\ue8res de
qualit\ue9 des semences ainsi que pour les teneurs en Fe et Zn.
L\u2019action des g\ue8nes additifs \ue9tait pr\ue9dominante
pour la plupart des caract\ue8res de qualit\ue9 des semences (>
50%); tandis que l\u2019action g\ue9nique non additive \ue9tait
pr\ue9pond\ue9rante pour les concentrations de Fe et de Zn. Les
consanguines TZEEI82 et TZEEI64 ont \ue9t\ue9 remarquables en
termes d\u2019effets GCA m\ue2les pour la conductivit\ue9 (-0,13
** et -0,06 *), le nombre de racines (0,79 ** et 0,30 *) et le poids
des racines fra\ueeches (0,90 *). Les g\ue9notypes TZEEI81,
DTE-STR-Y-SYN-POP-C3, 2009-TZEEI-OR1-STR et 2009-TZEE-OR1-STR-QPM ont
\ue9t\ue9 identifi\ue9s comme d\u2019excellents parents de
pollen pour la concentration de Fe; et TZEEI58 et TZEEI64 pour la
concentration de Zn. De plus, seul l\u2019indice de germination avait
une relation g\ue9n\ue9tique additive significative avec la teneur
en Fe (r = 0,57 *); tandis que les poids frais et secs des pousses
avaient des corr\ue9lations positives significatives avec la teneur
en Zn (r = 0,45 *, 0,53 *). Dans l\u2019ensemble, il est clair que
diff\ue9rents modes d\u2019action g\ue9nique contr\uf4laient
l\u2019h\ue9r\ue9dit\ue9 des caract\ue8res de qualit\ue9 des
semences et des concentrations de Fe et Zn
Efficacit\ue9 des techniques de greffage pour l\u2019ad\ue9quation aux porte-greffes de cajou
No full textIn the absence of high-performance seeds capable of ensuring the
installation of highly productive plantations, vegetative propagation
of cashew seedlings remains a viable alternative for obtaining
homogeneous plantations with productivity in Benin. For this reason,
two grafting methods namely; terminal slot and in grafted seedlings are
more used by nursery operators for the production of grafted seedlings.
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of these
techniques and the origin of the graft on growth and grafting ability
of rootstocks in the dry period in Benin. The study was conducted at
the National University Agriculture of Benin during August 2020 to
February 2021. The rootstocks used were produced from certified seeds
from the Agricultural Research Center in Benin. Treatments included the
grafting technique with two variants (grafting by veneer and terminal
slot grafting), and the origin of the graft with three variants
(Adakplam\ue8 graft, Sodji graft and Agozounm\ue8 graft). Plants
were sprayed with Topbio to control defoliating insects during the
experiments. The results revealed that the origin of the graft had a
significant influence (P<0,05) on the survival and height growth of
grafted plants, but had no significant effect on the recovery and the
diameter growth of these plants. On the other hand, the grafting
technique had a significant effect (P<0,005) on the recovery and
survival of the grafted plants, as well as on the height and diameter
growth of these plants. A recovery rate of 64.18 and 52.92% was
observed, respectively, for the grafting by veneer and the grafting in
terminal slot. One month after grafting, only 44.81 and 34.65% of the
plants survived, respectively for the grafting by veneer and terminal
slot grafting. With regard to the growth of the grafted plants, an
average increase of 7.01 cm in height and 1.15 mm in diameter for the
veneer grafting against 9.18 cm in height and 1.55 mm in diameter for
the terminal slit grafting was observed. These results stipulate that
grafting by veneer is more appropriate in the dry season to have a good
success rate; while grafting in terminal slot is better for rapid
growth in height and diameter of the grafted plants.En absence de semences graines performantes capables d\u2019assurer
l\u2019installation de plantations hautement productives, la
multiplication v\ue9g\ue9tative des plants d\u2019anacardier reste
une alternative viable pour obtenir des plantations homog\ue8nes et
productives au B\ue9nin. Pour ce fait, deux m\ue9thodes de greffage
sont davantage utilis\ue9es par les p\ue9pini\ue9ristes pour la
production de plants greff\ue9s \ue0 savoir\ua0: la m\ue9thode
en fente terminale et la m\ue9thode par placage. Cette \ue9tude a
\ue9t\ue9 men\ue9e pour \ue9tudier l\u2019influence de ces
techniques et de l\u2019origine du greffon sur la croissance et
l\u2019aptitude au greffage des porte-greffes en p\ue9riode
s\ue8che au B\ue9nin. L\u2019\ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 men\ue9e
\ue0 l\u2019Universit\ue9 Nationale d\u2019Agriculture du
B\ue9nin d\u2019ao\ufbt 2019 \ue0 f\ue9vrier 2020. Les
porte-greffes utilis\ue9s, ont \ue9t\ue9 produits \ue0 partir
de semences certifi\ue9es du Centre de Recherches Agricoles-Centre du
B\ue9nin. Les traitements comprenaient la technique de greffage avec
deux variantes (greffage par placage et greffage en fente terminale),
et l\u2019origine du greffon avec trois variantes (greffon
d\u2019Adakplam\ue8, greffon de Sodji et greffon
d\u2019Agozounm\ue8). Les mesures de protection phytosanitaires ont
\ue9t\ue9 prises et ont consist\ue9 en un traitement de toutes
les unit\ue9s parcellaires avec du\ua0Topbio pour combattre les
insectes d\ue9foliateurs qui ont attaqu\ue9 les plants greff\ue9s
au cours de l\u2019essai. Les r\ue9sultats ont r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9
que l\u2019origine du greffon a une influence significative
(P<0.05) sur la survie et la croissance en hauteur des plants
greff\ue9s mais n\u2019a aucun effet significatif sur la reprise et
la croissance en diam\ue8tre de ces plants. Par contre, la technique
de greffage a un effet significatif (P<0.005) sur la reprise et la
survie des plants greff\ue9s ainsi que sur la croissance en hauteur
et en diam\ue8tre de ces plants. En effet, un taux de reprise de
64,18 et 52,92 % a \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9 respectivement pour le
greffage par placage et le greffage en fente terminale mais seulement
44, 81 et 34,65 % des plants ont surv\ue9cu respectivement pour le
greffage par placage et le greffage en fente terminale, un mois
apr\ue8s le greffage. En ce qui concerne la croissance des plants
greff\ue9s, un accroissement moyen de 7,01 cm en hauteur et 1,15 mm
en diam\ue8tre pour le greffage par placage contre 9,18 cm en hauteur
et 1,55 mm en diam\ue8tre pour le greffage en fente terminale a
\ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9. Ces r\ue9sultats stipulent que le
greffage par placage est plus indiqu\ue9 en saison s\ue8che pour
avoir un bon taux de r\ue9ussite tandis que le greffage en fente
terminale est plus indiqu\ue9 pour une croissance rapide en hauteur
et en diam\ue8tre des plants greff\ue9s
Evaluation of MRI Artifact in some selected centers in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) artifacts can occur due to
hardware or software related problems, human physiologic phenomenon or
physical restrictions. Careful study design and scanning protocols can
prevent certain artifacts from occurring, but some are unavoidable.
Study aims: The study aimed at evaluating MRI artifact in some selected
centers in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive
cross-sectional study was conducted involving both prospective and
retrospective phases across three centres in the Kano metropolis from
March 2019 to August 2019. Using the purposive sampling method, 3
centers were selected. A data capture sheet was designed for data
collection. Results: Thirty five (50%) of the artifacts encountered
were from the centreA, 28(40%) from the centre B, and 7(10%) from the
centre C. Motion-induced artifact was the most frequently encountered
artifact 26(37.1%), followed by wrap-around artifact 15(21.4%), and
then frequency-induced artifact 13(18.6%). Thoracic spine MRI had the
highest number of artifacts 28(40%), followed by brain 20(28.6%), and
then lumbar spine 19(27.1%). Conclusion: In Kano metropolis the most
encountered MRI artifact was the motion-induced artifact and thoracic
spine MRI had the highest number of artifacts. The artifacts had a
negative effect on image quality
BRAFV600E hot spot mutation in thyroid carcinomas: first Moroccan experience from a single-institution retrospective study
Get PDFBackground: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide at
an alarming rate. BRAFV600E mutation is described to be associated with
a worse prognostic of thyroid carcinomas, as well as extrathyroidal
invasion and increased mortality. Objective: To our knowledge, there
are no reported studies neither from Morocco nor from other Maghreb
countries regarding the prevalence of BRAFV600E mutation in thyroid
carcinomas. Here we aim to evaluate the frequency of BRAFV600E oncogene
in Moroccan thyroid carcinomas. Methods: In this Single-Institution
retrospective study realized in the Anatomic Pathology and Histology
Service in the Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V
\u2018HMIMV\u2019 in Rabat, we report, using direct genomic
sequencing, the assessment of BRAFV600E in 37 thyroid tumors. Results:
We detected BRAFV600E mutation exclusively in Papillary Thyroid
Carcinomas \u2018PTC\u2019 with a prevalence of 28% (8 PTC out 29
PTC). Like international trends, Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
\u2019PTC\u2019 is more frequent than Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas
\u2018FTC\u2019 and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas \u2018ATC\u2019
(29 PTC, 7 FTC and 1 ATC). Conclusion: Our finding gives to the
international community the first estimated incidence of this oncogene
in Morocco showing that this prevalence falls within the range of
international trends (30% to 90%) reported in distinct worldwide
geographic regions