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Physicochemical and Hydrogeological Characteristics of Water Obtained From Borehole and Rivers in Okada and Environs, Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe consumption of unsafe water is detrimental to human health. It is
therefore important to ascertain the quality and purity of water set
out for drinking purpose. This paper therefore investigates the
physicochemical and hydrogeological properties of water obtained from
boreholes and rivers located at various sites in Okada town and
environs, Edo State, Nigeria. The physicochemical parameters were
analyzed using standard methods. Results obtained for the
physicochemical properties showed that the concentration of phosphate,
sulphates, nitrates and manganese in the samples range between
(0.0310-0.450) mg/L, (0.05-1.01) mg/L, (0.021-1.0) mg/L and (0.01-0.41)
mg/L respectively. The maximum concentration of calcium and sodium in
all the samples analyzed was 1.27 mg/L and 8.65mg/L. Comparison of the
pH value of the samples shows they are all acidic in nature, with pH
values which ranges from (4.3 \u2013 6.0). In all the samples
analyzed, it was observed that no trace of heavy metal (lead) was found
except in Iguvinyoba River (down-stream) with a concentration of 0.001
mg/L. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand
(COD) values from all the water samples are below the WHO standard
while the dissolved oxygen (DO) values are above the WHO standard. The
results revealed that physicochemical parameters were slightly below
WHO and NAFDAC standards for drinking water, except for the high iron
(Fe) content at Usen. Thus from established standard, the borehole and
river water in the study area will need some treatment to render it
suitable for drinking
Nutrients allocation along the stem in 17-year-old Pinus taeda L.
No full text- RS, em Cambissolo H\u45amico alum\u44dnico t\u44dpico, teve por
objetivo estudar o padr\u443o de aloca\u447\u443o dos nutrientes
ao longo do tronco e suas implica\u447\u455es para a amostragem na
estimativa do estoque de nutrientes. Foram amostradas 18 \u441rvores,
distribu\u44ddas em 6 classes diam\u449tricas, com coleta de
amostras, de casca e madeira, nas seguintes alturas relativas (por
cento da altura total): h0,1 (10%), h0,3 (30%), h0,5 (50%), h0,7 (70%)
e h0,9 (90%). O padr\u443o de aloca\u447\u443o dos nutrientes ao
longo do tronco foi estudado mediante compara\u447\u443o de
m\u449dias e ajuste de equa\u447\u455es de regress\u443o,
correlacionando concentra\u447\u443o de nutrientes e a altura de
coleta das amostras. Testaram-se diferentes estimadores da
concentra\u447\u443o de nutrientes: teor m\u449dio
aritm\u449tico (TM), teor m\u449dio ponderado pelo di\u442metro
da sec\u447\u443o (TMPD) e teor m\u449dio ponderado pela biomassa
da sec\u447\u443o (TMPB); tendo este como tratamento padr\u443o.
Com exce\u447\u443o de Mn e Ca na madeira, todos os nutrientes
apresentaram maior teor na por\u447\u443o superior do tronco
(h0,9), podendo ser para P 2,7 vezes superior na madeira e 5 vezes
superior na casca, em rela\u447\u443o a base do tronco (h0,1). O
elemento Ca na madeira apresentou comportamento inverso, ou seja, maior
teor na base do tronco (h0,1); enquanto Mn n\u443o diferiu
estatisticamente entre os pontos de coleta. Entre os estimadores da
concentra\u447\u443o de nutrientes testados, o TM apresentou os
maiores valores, exceto para Ca na madeira, o que acarreta
superestima\u447\u443o do estoque de nutrientes. Para as
condi\u447\u455es do estudo, considerando o TMPB como melhor
estimador da concentra\u447\u443o de nutrientes, o intervalo de
confian\u447a para altura relativa de coleta de amostras foi estimado
em 35 \u96 53% para madeira e 38 \u96 46% para casca.This study was conducted in a 17-year-old Pinus taeda L. stand, in
Cambar\u441 do Sul (RS state), in a soil classified as Humic
Cambisol. It had as objective to study nutrients allocation pattern
along the stem and its implications for sampling and the nutrient stock
estimates. Eighteen (18) trees were sampled, distributed in 6 diametric
classes, collecting bark and wood samples in the following relative
heights (percentage from total height): h0.1 (10%), h0.3 (30%), h0.5
(50%), h0.7 (70%) e h0.9 (90%). The nutrient allocation pattern along
the stem was studied based on the comparison of averages and regression
equations, correlating nutrient content and the sampling height.
Different nutrient content estimators were tested: arithmetic average
content (TM), level weighted average diameter of the section (TMPD),
biomass-weighted average content of the section (TMPB), being TMPB
considered as the standard treatment. Excepted for Mn and in wood, all
nutrients showed higher content in the upper part of the stem (h0.9),
sometimes 2.7 times higher in wood and 5 times higher in bark, compared
to stem base (h0.1). Calcium (Ca) in the wood showed a reverse
behavior, in other words, showed highest contents in the base of the
stem (h0.1); while Mn did not statistically differ among the sampling
points. Among the tested nutrient content estimators, TM showed highest
values, excepted for Ca in wood, that leads to nutrients stock
overestimation. For the study conditions, considering TMPB as the best
nutrient concentration estimator, the confidence interval for height
sampling points was estimated in 35 \u96 53% for wood and 38 \u96
46% for bark
Spreading and impact of Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii on the riparian area in Cap\u443o Bonito National Forest \u96 SP state
No full textConducted in a riparian area of the protected area called Cap\u443o
Bonito National Forest \u96 SP state, this study assessed at
different distance classes from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pine)
plantation: 1) the density of native vegetation, pine with-cone and
pine without-cone; 2) the basal area of native vegetation and pine
with-cone and 3) the humidity by frequency of occurrence of dry soil,
saturated soil surface and flooded soil. The objective was to verify
the situation of invasion and development of pine, its relationship
with native vegetation and soil. By Spearman Correlation Coefficient,
it was demonstrated that there was no difference in the pine
establishment in different distances (average = 335), confirming its
invasive potential. When the increase in native vegetation density is
observed, there is a decrease in the pine with-cone abundance, however,
its establishment occurred. In addition, there was recruitment of
seedlings and juveniles (pine without-cone) which have the capacity for
self-perpetuation by substitution for senile and perished individuals.
When considering the same pine with-cone density and native vegetation,
it was obtained basal area of pine with-cone eight times more than the
native vegetation; this high basal area indicates competition for
environmental attributes which may compromise maintenance and survival
of native species in the medium and long term. There was a higher
prevalence of pine with-cone occupation in dry soil in detriment of
native species. The environmental impacts resulted by the presence,
development and invasion of Pinus elliottii indicate the need for its
eradication and management against reinfestation
Environments for seedling production and nodulation by rhizobia in Tachigali vulgaris
No full textO presente estudo teve como objetivos determinar a melhor
condi\u447\u443o de sombreamento e o tipo de substrato para a
produ\u447\u443o de mudas e estabelecimento da simbiose
espont\u442nea por riz\u453bios em taxi-branco (Tachigali
vulgaris). O experimento foi instalado no delineamento de blocos
casualizados, com quatro repeti\u447\u455es e os tratamentos
arranjados em esquema de parcela subdividida, no qual a parcela
consistiu de dois n\u44dveis de sombreamento (50% e 75%) e a
subparcela de quatro tipos de substrato: solo; solo + areia (1:1); solo
+ areia + serragem (2:1:1); e solo + vermiculita (1:1). Cada parcela
experimental foi constitu\u44dda por cinco mudas. As mudas foram
avaliadas quanto a um conjunto de vari\u441veis morfol\u453gicas e
fisiol\u453gicas, da parte a\u449rea e da raiz. No final do
experimento foi tamb\u449m realizado o isolamento e a
caracteriza\u447\u443o fenot\u44dpica de bact\u449rias oriundas
de n\u453dulos coletados nas mudas. A caracteriza\u447\u443o foi
realizada pela avalia\u447\u443o morfol\u453gica das
col\u454nias. O sombreamento de 50% \u449 o indicado na
produ\u447\u443o de mudas de taxi-branco, enquanto que, em
rela\u447\u443o ao substrato, aquele composto por solo + areia
\u449 o que proporciona mudas de melhor qualidade. A esp\u449cie
apresentou simbiose com grande diversidade de riz\u453bios, apesar de
o n\u45amero de isolados n\u443o ter sido influenciado pelo tipo de
substrato e n\u44dvel de sombreamento. A maioria dos isolados obtidos
apresentam tempo de crescimento muito r\u441pido e pH \u441cido do
meio de cultura.This study had as objectives to determine the best shading condition
and the type of substrate to produce seedlings and the establishment of
a spontaneous symbiosis by rhizobia in taxi-branco (Tachigali
vulgaris). A randomized block design with four replications and
treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme was installed. The plot
consisted of two shading levels (50% and 75%) and subplots of four
types of substrates: soil; soil + sand (1:1); soil + sand + sawdust
(2:1:1); and soil + vermiculite (1:1). Each experimental plot consisted
of five seedlings. The seedlings were evaluated for a set of shoot and
root morphological and physiological traits. At the end of the
experiment, the isolation and the phenotypic characterization of
bacteria from nodules collected in the seedlings were also carried out.
The characterization was performed by the morphological evaluation of
the colonies. The shading of 50% is indicated for seedling productions,
while in relation to the substrate, that one composed by soil + sand is
what produces seedlings of better quality. Although the number of
isolates was not influenced by the substrate type and the shading
level, taxibranco seedlings establish symbiosis with a great diversity
of rhizobia. Most of the isolates have very fast growth rate and acid
pH of the culture medium
Area increment in moringa seeds during imbibition by image analysis
No full textA morfologia das sementes e as modifica\ue7\uf5es f\uedsicas
sofridas por elas durante a germina\ue7\ue3o podem estar associadas
ao vigor. Por isso, objetivou-se com este trabalho monitorar o
incremento de \ue1rea em sementes de moringa durante a
embebi\ue7\ue3o, por meio da an\ue1lise de imagens, com o intuito
de se determinar a sua qualidade fisiol\uf3gica a partir deste
incremento. Utilizaram-se sementes de quatro lotes de moringa com e sem
tegumento, fotografadas antes e durante a embebi\ue7\ue3o, nos
per\uedodos de 8, 16 e 24 horas, nas temperaturas de 15 e 20\ub0C.
Calculou-se o incremento de \ue1rea (%) atrav\ue9s da an\ue1lise
das imagens, utilizando-se o programa ImageJ. Os resultados de cada
per\uedodo avaliado foram comparados com os testes usualmente
utilizados na avalia\ue7\ue3o do vigor de sementes. O delineamento
foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeti\ue7\uf5es de 50
sementes por tratamento. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA e comparados
pelo teste de Tukey. Os lotes 1, 2 e 4 foram considerados de melhor
qualidade, enquanto o lote 3 apresentou qualidade inferior, quando
comparado aos demais lotes testados. As sementes de moringa seguiram o
padr\ue3o trif\ue1sico de embebi\ue7\ue3o, com a protrus\ue3o
da raiz prim\ue1ria ocorrendo em 72 horas. Foi poss\uedvel avaliar
o percentual de incremento de \ue1rea por meio do programa ImageJ,
sendo o per\uedodo de 8 horas de embebi\ue7\ue3o a 15\ub0C o
que demonstrou maior efici\ueancia para classifica\ue7\ue3o dos
lotes quanto a sua qualidade fisiol\uf3gica.The seed morphology and the physical modifications undergone by them
during germination may be associated with vigor. Therefore, the aim of
this work was to monitor the increase of area in Moringa seeds during
imbibition, by means of image analysis, in order to determine their
physiological quality. Seeds of four Moringa lots with and without
tegument, photographed before and during soaking, were used in the
periods of 8, 16 and 24 hours, at temperatures of 15 and 20\ub0C. The
area increase (%) was calculated by image analysis using the ImageJ
program. The results of each evaluated period were compared with the
traditional tests of germination and vigor. The design was entirely
randomized, with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment. Data were
submitted to ANOVA and compared by the Tukey test. Lots 1, 2 and 4 were
considered better quality, while lot 3 presented lower quality when
compared to the other lots tested. Moringa seeds followed the
three-phase pattern of imbibition, with protrusion of the radicle
occurring in 72 hours. It was possible to evaluate the percentage of
increment of area through the program ImageJ, being the period of 8
hours of imbibition at 15\ub0C which demonstrated greater efficiency
to classify the lots as to their quality
Distribution of the cup diameter and the quadratic diameter of Araucaria angustifolia and Pinus taeda
No full textAs fun\ue7\uf5es de densidade de probabilidade t\ueam v\ue1rias
aplica\ue7\uf5es florestais, entre as quais o tratamento de dados
biom\ue9tricos e uso em modelagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi
verificar qual fun\ue7\ue3o densidade de probabilidade melhor se
ajusta ao di\ue2metro de copa (dcopa) e ao di\ue2metro
quadr\ue1tico (dq), e tamb\ue9m analisar o efeito dessas
vari\ue1veis na estrutura da floresta. O estudo foi realizado com uma
base de dados de Araucaria angustifolia provenientes de um fragmento
florestal, e tamb\ue9m com dados de Pinus taeda de um plantio
florestal, ambos oriundos do estado do Paran\ue1. Para as respectivas
\ue1reas de estudo foram delimitadas as copas das \ue1rvores com
suporte de ortofotos digitais. As fun\ue7\uf5es avaliadas foram:
Normal, Log-normal 2P, Beta, Gama, Weibull 3P e Weber. A
fun\ue7\ue3o que melhor se ajustou \ue0 vari\ue1vel dq para
ambas as esp\ue9cies foi a Normal. J\ue1 para a vari\ue1vel
dcopa, a fun\ue7\ue3o de Weibull 3P foi a que apresentou melhor
ader\ueancia para o fragmento de arauc\ue1ria e a fun\ue7\ue3o
de Weber para o plantio florestal de pinusThe probability density functions have several forest applications,
among which biometric data processing and modeling use. The objective
of this study was to verify which probability density function best
fits the cup diameter (dcopa) and the quadratic diameter (dq), and also
to analyze the effect of these variables on the forest structure. The
study was carried out with a database of Araucaria angustifolia from a
forest fragment, and also with Pinus taeda data from a forest
plantation, both from the state of Paran\ue1. For the respective
study areas, the crowns of the trees with digital orthophoto support
were delimited. The evaluated functions were: Normal, Log-normal 2P,
Beta, Gama, Weibull 3P and Weber. The function that best fit the
variable dq for both species was Normal. For the variable dcopa, the
function of Weibull 3P was the one that presented better adhesion to
the Araucaria fragment and the Weber function for the Pinus forest
plantation
Key of dendrological identification of the most common species of a Cerrado sensu stricto area, Gurupi, Tocantins state
No full textEstudos com chave de identifica\ue7\ue3o dendrol\uf3gica da flora
arbustivo-arb\uf3rea do Cerrado no Estado do Tocantins ainda s\ue3o
escassos ou incipientes, promovendo, assim, uma lacuna de
informa\ue7\uf5es t\ue9cnicas e cient\uedficas. Portanto, esta
pesquisa visa respaldar o estabelecimento de prioridades para futuras
estrat\ue9gias de conserva\ue7\ue3o e planos de manejo de
esp\ue9cies bot\ue2nicas do Cerrado. Diante do contexto,
objetivou-se elaborar uma chave dicot\uf4mica, baseada em caracteres
vegetativos das esp\ue9cies arbustivo-arb\uf3rea de uma \ue1rea
de cerrado sensu stricto em Gurupi \u2013 TO. Foram alocadas,
sistematicamente, cinco parcelas permanentes de 20
750 m, ou seja,
1.000 m\ub2 cada, sendo as mesmas distanciadas 10 m entre si.
Amostraram-se todos os indiv\uedduos arbustivo-arb\uf3reos com
circunfer\ueancia a 1,30 m do solo (CAP) maior ou igual a 10 cm. Os
materiais bot\ue2nicos das esp\ue9cies foram herborizados seguindo
as t\ue9cnicas convencionais. Para a elabora\ue7\ue3o da chave de
identifica\ue7\ue3o, foi realizada uma sele\ue7\ue3o dentre as
106 esp\ue9cies amostradas, considerando apenas as esp\ue9cies que
possu\uedam n\ufamero de indiv\uedduos maior ou igual a cinco,
desta forma, foram selecionadas 54 esp\ue9cies. Cabe ressaltar que
essa sele\ue7\ue3o teve como objetivo incluir apenas as
esp\ue9cies de maior recorr\ueancia no cerrado sensu stricto, com a
finalidade de viabilizar a funcionalidade da chave. A chave de
identifica\ue7\ue3o baseada em caracteres vegetativos foi composta
por 54 esp\ue9cies arbustivo-arb\uf3reas de eudicotiled\uf4neas e
angiospermas basais, distribu\ueddas em 47 g\ueaneros,
inclu\ueddos em 26 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas. A
confec\ue7\ue3o da chave de identifica\ue7\ue3o
dendrol\uf3gica demonstrou-se uma ferramenta funcional, ou seja,
permitiu uma r\ue1pida e f\ue1cil identifica\ue7\ue3o das
esp\ue9cies vegetais amostradas.Studies with key dendrological identification are still scarce or
incipient, thus promoting a lack of technical and scientific
information. Establishment of priorities for future conservation
strategies and management plans for Cerrado botanical species. In view
of the context, the objective was to elaborate a dichotomous key, based
on vegetative characteristics of the shrub-tree species of an area of
cerrado sensu stricto, Gurupi-TO state. Five permanent plots of
20
750 m, or 1000 m\ub2 each, were systematically allocated, 10 m
apart. All shrub-arboreal individuals, with circumference at 1.30 m of
soil (CAP) greater than or equal to 10 cm were sampled. The botanical
materials of the species, were herbalised following conventional
techniques. For the elaboration of the identification key, a selection
was made among the 106 species sampled, considering only the species
that had a number of individuals greater or equal to 5, in this way 54
species were selected. It should be emphasized that this selection had
as objective to include only the species with the greatest recurrence
in the cerrado sensu stricto, in order to make the key functionality
viable. The identification key based on vegetative characters was
composed of 54 shrub-tree species of eudicotiledonias and basal
angiosperms, distributed in 47 genera included in 26 botanical
families. The preparation of the dendrological identification key was
shown to be a functional tool, that is, it allowed a quick and easy
identification of the sampled vegetable species
Tratamentos pr\ue9-germinativos em sementes de caj\ue1 ( Spondias mombin L.)
No full textThe germination of Spondias mombin seeds is slow and irregular - it
takes between 6 and 24 months for the process to complete. This causes
serious difficulties to the plantlet producer since the plantlets are
more expensive to produce and frequently are of different heights. The
objective of this project was to establish techniques and strategies of
yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) seed selection to promote and speed
up germination. Having that in mind, two experiments were carried out.
In the first, seeds (which are of the nucular type) of two colors
(beige and brown) and four classes of size (small, medium-small,
medium-large, and large) had their length, width, and weight
determined. In the second experiment, the color (beige and brown)
classified seeds were submitted or not to a fungicide treatment and to
mechanical scarification of the endocarp (base, apex, lateral, and no
scarification). The experiments were distributed according to a
completely random design with four 20 seeds replications in the
following factorial arrangements: 4x2 (size x color) and 4x2x2
(scarification x color x fungicide). Seedling emergence in sand, first
count of germination, and mean time for germination were weekly
determined up to 730 days; these evaluations were based on the
determination of normal seedlings counting. Choosing brown and
medium-large seeds is an efficient strategy to accelerate seedling
emergence. Treating the seeds with fungicide was harmful to the
germination process. The lateral scarification of brown seeds permitted
a reduction in the period necessary for the completion of germination
from 489 to 336 days.As sementes de caj\ue1 apresentam germina\ue7\ue3o lenta e
desuniforme, pois o processo normalmente tem dura\ue7\ue3o de seis
meses e dois anos. Tal caracter\uedstica constitui-se em entrave para
os viveiristas, pois onera os custos de produ\ue7\ue3o e resulta em
mudas com tamanhos diversos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer
t\ue9cnicas e estrat\ue9gias de sele\ue7\ue3o de sementes de
caj\ue1 (Spondias mombin L.) que promovam ou acelerem a
germina\ue7\ue3o. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos.
No primeiro, foram avaliadas sementes (nucul\ue2nios) de duas cores
(bege e marrom) e quatro classes de tamanho (pequena,
m\ue9dia-pequena, m\ue9dia-grande e grande) caracterizadas por meio
do comprimento, largura e massa. No segundo experimento, as sementes
classificadas quanto \ue0 cor (bege e marrom) foram submetidas ou
n\ue3o \ue0 aplica\ue7\ue3o de fungicida e \ue0
escarifica\ue7\ue3o mec\ue2nica do endocarpo (base, \ue1pice,
lateral e sem escarifica\ue7\ue3o mec\ue2nica). Os experimentos
foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro
repeti\ue7\uf5es de 20 sementes, nos seguintes arranjos fatoriais:
4 x 2 (tamanho x cor) e 4 x 2 x 2 (escarifica\ue7\ue3o x cor x
fungicida). Avaliou-se a emerg\ueancia de pl\ue2ntulas em areia,
primeira contagem e o tempo m\ue9dio da emerg\ueancia. Em ambos os
estudos, a emerg\ueancia foi avaliada semanalmente, at\ue9 os 730
dias. Concluiu-se que a sele\ue7\ue3o de sementes marrons e
m\ue9dia-grandes (31 x 18 cm e 2,16 g) constituiu-se em uma
estrat\ue9gia eficiente para aumentar e acelerar a emerg\ueancia de
pl\ue2ntulas. O tratamento das sementes com fungicida
(metalaxil-M+fludioxonil) foi prejudicial ao processo germinativo. A
utiliza\ue7\ue3o de sementes marrons e escarificadas na lateral
possibilitou a acelera\ue7\ue3o da germina\ue7\ue3o (tempo
m\ue9dio de 489 para 336 dias)
Congenital infantile digital fibromatosis: a case report and review of the literature
Get PDFInfantile digital fibromatosis (IDF), also called inclusion body
fibromatosis is an uncommon benign tumour occurring in the digits of
young children. In about a third of cases, it is congenital and the
diagnosis is based on the presence of peculiar intracytoplasmic
inclusions on histology. Recurrence rate post-surgery is high. However,
spontaneous regression has been reported. We present a case of a
5-month-old infant who had excision of a right second toe mass, which
has been present from birth. Histological examination revealed this to
be infantile digital fibromatosis. To the best of our knowledge, no
report of this has been made in Nigeria. It is important that this
diagnosis be entertained in young children with masses on the digits as
this will influence the management instituted
Does shared decision making increase prostate screening uptake in countries with a low prevalence of prostate cancer?
Get PDFBackground: Men over 50 should discuss the benefits and harms of
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing with their doctors. Objectives:
To investigate whether shared decision making (SDM) increases the
uptake of prostate cancer screening practices among Saudi men. Methods:
This community-based study recruited men aged 65 50 years between
January and April 2019. Sociodemographic characteristics, history, and
current medical condition information were collected. SDM information
with regards to prostate cancer screening was discussed. Results: In
total, 2034 Saudi men, aged between 50 and 88 years, agreed to
participate in the current study. Prostate examination for early
detection of cancer was recommended for 35.4% (720) of subjects. Of the
subjects, 23.3% (473) reported that the physicians discussed the
advantages and benefits of PSA testing, whereas only 5.6% (114) stated
that the physicians explained the disadvantages and drawbacks of PSA
testing. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that less than one fourth
discussed the advantages and disadvantages of PSA testing with their
physicians; of these, less than one third underwent PSA blood tests.
Improvements are needed in SDM for and against PSA screening. SDM does
not affect the intensity of PSA testing. Primary health care physicians
should be actively involved in the SDM process