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Rural Environmental Registration of the native vegetable remaining of the small rural properties in the city of Pelotas - Rio Grande do Sul state
No full textA inquieta\ue7\ue3o com a prote\ue7\ue3o do meio ambiente e com
a conserva\ue7\ue3o dos seus recursos \ue9 progressiva,
majoritariamente por causa do cen\ue1rio futuro de insufici\ueancia
dos mesmos. Surgiram ent\ue3o, no Brasil, os C\uf3digos Florestais,
os quais se destinam ao anteparo dos recursos vegetais e h\ueddricos
brasileiros. O atual C\uf3digo Florestal (Lei 12.651/12) instituiu o
Cadastro Ambiental Rural, instrumento indispens\ue1vel na
obten\ue7\ue3o e no registro dos elementos ambientais de todos os
im\uf3veis rurais do pa\ueds. Diante desse quadro, o referido
trabalho prop\uf4s-se a coletar e a utilizar os dados ambientais de
100 pequenos im\uf3veis rurais registrados na Secretaria de
Desenvolvimento Rural do Munic\uedpio de Pelotas. Esses dados foram
utilizados para analisar a conformidade dessas propriedades com o
presente C\uf3digo Florestal, equiparando-o com os c\uf3digos
precedentes. Avaliaram-se os dados das \uc1reas de
Preserva\ue7\ue3o Permanente pela extens\ue3o dos cursos
d\u2019\ue1gua e das nascentes e as informa\ue7\uf5es das
\ue1reas de Reserva Legal. O desfecho demonstrou que boa parte das
propriedades rurais mensuradas se encontra em conformidade com a
legisla\ue7\ue3o Florestal vigente. Verificou-se, al\ue9m disso,
que o atual C\uf3digo Florestal ocasiona uma preserva\ue7\ue3o
dos recursos naturais inferior ao C\uf3digo anterior, tanto para as
\uc1reas de Preserva\ue7\ue3o Permanente, quanto para a Reserva
Legal. Isso ocorre porque grande parte das propriedades \ue9
classificada como \ue1rea consolidada, o que ocasiona uma
redu\ue7\ue3o significativa das \ue1reas de vegeta\ue7\ue3o
nativa determinada para a composi\ue7\ue3o dessas \ue1reas.The concern about the protection of the environment and the
conservation of its resources is progressive, mainly because of the
future scenario of its insufficiency. That is why Forest Codes were
created in Brazil, destined to the protection of the Brazilian
vegetation and the water resources. The current Forest Code (Law
12.651/12) created the Rural Environmental Registry, an indispensable
instrument for obtaining the environmental elements of all rural
properties in the country. In the view of this situation, this work
proposed to collect and use the environmental data of 100 small rural
properties registered in the Rural Development Bureau of the
Municipality of Pelotas, obtained through the Rural Environmental
Registry, to analyze the compliance of these properties with the
present Forest Code, matching it with the predecessor code. The data of
the Permanent Preservation Areas was evaluated by the extension of the
water courses and springs and the information of the Areas of Legal
Reserve. The conclusion showed that most of the rural properties
measured are in compliance with the legislation of the current Forest
Code. It was also verified that the current Forest Code causes a lower
preservation of natural resources than the previous Code, both for the
Permanent Preservation Areas and for the Legal Reserve. This event
happens because most of the properties are classified as consolidated
areas, which results in a significant reduction of the native
vegetation ones determined for the composition of these areas
Phytosociological structure of mangrove in Roteiro Lagoon, Alagoas state, Northeastern Brazil
No full textEste estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a estrutura do manguezal da
Lagoa do Roteiro no estado de Alagoas, atrav\ue9s de par\ue2metros
fitossociol\uf3gicos. Para isso, foram tra\ue7ados seis transectos,
cada um dividido em tr\ueas parcelas de 400/m2, distanciadas 10
metros entre si. Para a verifica\ue7\ue3o dos fatores
abi\uf3ticos foram utilizados term\uf4metro (temperatura) e
refrat\uf4metro (salinidade). Foram coletadas ainda tr\ueas
amostras de sedimento, a uma profundidade de 20 cm, para a an\ue1lise
da granulometria e mat\ue9ria org\ue2nica. Foram mensuradas 449
\ue1rvores, apresentando \ue1rvores de Rhizophora mangle ,
Laguncularia racemosa e Avicennia schaueriana . A densidade
m\ue9dia da vegeta\ue7\ue3o arb\uf3rea foi de 624 ind.ha-1,
sendo a esp\ue9cie Rhizophora mangle a que apresentou os maiores
\uedndices fitossociol\uf3gicos, com valor de import\ue2ncia de
220,59%. Os valores dos par\ue2metros fitossociol\uf3gicos
apresentaram grande amplitude nas parcelas analisadas, ocorrendo desde
pl\ue2ntulas at\ue9 \ue1rvores adultas. Os valores de temperatura
n\ue3o apresentaram diferen\ue7as significativas entre as
m\ue9dias das parcelas franja, intermedi\ue1ria e interior,
por\ue9m a salinidade se destacou, apresentando um aumento em
rela\ue7\ue3o ao interior do bosque. Houve predomin\ue2ncia de
sedimento areno-lodoso no manguezal estudado. Dessa maneira, a
an\ue1lise fitossociol\uf3gica revelou elevada diversidade
estrutural, em um ambiente onde os fatores abi\uf3ticos contribuem
para o estabelecimento das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas, e uma elevada
contribui\ue7\ue3o da esp\ue9cie Rhizophora mangle em todos os
par\ue2metros fitossociol\uf3gicos avaliados no ecossistema.This study aimed to characterize the phytosociological structure of the
mangrove in Roteiro Lagoon in the state of Alagoas, through
phytosociological parameters. For that purpose, six transects were
traced, divided into three 400 m2 plots each, 10 meters apart each
other. To check the abiotic factors, a thermometer (temperature) and a
refractometer (salinity) were used. Three sediment samples were also
collected, at a depth of 20 cm, for the granulometry and organic matter
analyses. A total of 449 trees were measured, showing trees Rhizophora
mangle , Laguncularia racemosa and Avicennia schaueriana . The
average density of the arboreal vegetation was 624 ind.ha-1, with the
Rhizophora mangle species showing the highest phytosociological
indexes, with a value of 220.59%. The values of the phytosociological
parameters showed great amplitude in the analyzed plots, occurring from
seedlings to adult trees. The temperature values did not show
significant differences between the average of the fringe, intermediate
and interior portion, however, the salinity stood out, showing an
increase in relation to the interior of the forest. There was a
predominance of sandy silt in the studied mangrove forest. Thus, the
phytosociological analysis revealed high structural diversity, in an
environment where the abiotic factors contribute to the establishment
of tree species and a high contribution of the Rhizophora mangle
species in all phytosociological parameters assessed in the ecosystem
Effect of manganese and nitrogen fertilization on the content of some essential micronutrients and composition of fatty acids in winter wheat grain
No full textNitrogen fertilization combined with microelements is an effective way
to provide nutrients to plants, which are essential for obtaining
high-value crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate two N
fertilizer rates (150 and 200 kg ha-1 and four Mn fertilizer rates
(0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg Mn ha-1) on the N, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe
content and composition of fatty acids in winter wheat ( Triticum
aestivum L.) grain. An increase in the N fertilizer rate increased
(12.7%) the Mn content and decreased (10%) the Cu content of wheat
grain. Regardless of N fertilization, foliar application of Mn at 1.5
kg ha-1 contributed to the highest Zn (28.4 mg kg-1) and Fe (58.4 mg
kg-1) content in the grain. In an analysis of lipid fractions, the
highest value of the coefficient of variation was recorded for C18:0
(16.3%-low variation). Nitrogen and Mn fertilization were most strongly
correlated with the Mn content of grain (r = 0.356, r = 0.391,
respectively). The 200 kg N ha-1 treatments combined with 1.0 kg ha-1
Mn and 150 kg ha-1 N without Mn were correlated with the content of
C:18:0, C18:1c11, C18:1c9, and monounsaturated fatty acids in the
grain. The application of 200 kg ha-1 N with 1.5 kg ha-1 Mn was
correlated with the Fe, Zn, and Mn content of the grain. The remaining
fertilization treatments were correlated with the content of C18:3,
C18:2, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and the C18:2/C18:3 ratio in
the grain. Results indicated that the application of 200 kg ha-1 N
beneficially affected the PUFA content in the winter wheat grain and
can therefore be used to obtain raw material with increased nutritional
value. The human organism does not synthesize PUFA, so they must be
taken with food (or supplements); winter wheat grain can be a good
source because it contains more than 60% PUFA
Anthropogenic alteration of available, amorphous, and total iron in an Andisol from dairy slurry applications over a 12-year period
No full textIron is one of the most abundant elements in agricultural soils, but it
is mostly present in non-assimilable forms. The dynamics of Fe is
determined by several factors, such as organic matter (OM). Dairy
slurry is used to increase total OM content in soils. The objective of
this study was to determine the effect of applying dairy slurry over a
12-yr period on the levels of available, amorphous, and total Fe in an
Andisol soil as indicators of pedogenic alteration. The contents of
available (Fed), amorphous (Feox), and total (Fet) Fe were evaluated by
selective extractions. A completely randomized experimental design with
repeated measures was used, which consisted of six treatments (2, 4, 6,
8, 10, 12 yr) of slurry application and four replicates. A control
treatment (no slurry application) was also included with permanent
Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. grasslands. Dairy slurries
were applied at a maximum rate of 150/m3 ha-1. Slurry application in
the soil significantly increased Fed and OM contents up to 8 yr in the
A (8.2 g kg-1 and 15.7%) and B (7.49 g kg-1 and 10.3%) genetic horizons
under study; there was a positive correlation between Fed and OM. This
would indicate that increased OM would accelerate the pedogenesis of
this soil. In general, Fed-ox values were low and there was a
significant decrease (p 64 0.05) in the 2-, 4-, and 6-yr
treatments with values ranging between 1.0 and 0.7 for the Feox:d
ratio, indicating increased pedogenesis
Weather variability in derived savannah and rainforest agroecologies in Nigeria: Implications for crop yields and food security
Get PDFWeather variability and its effects on agricultural and food systems
are burgeoning global concerns. This study examined the effects of
weather variability in the derived savannah and rainforest
agroecologies, on crop yields in Southwest Nigeria, and what it
portends for food and nutrition security in the region. The trends in
the distribution of rainfall and temperature were analysed using the
Sens method. The effects of weather variability on crop yield and
inferences on what it portends for food security were determined using
a stepwise regression model. The results revealed that rainfall
fluctuations decreased the yields of cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) and
yam (Dioscorea spp.) in the derived savannah; while a decrease in
temperature may support improved yields for maize ( Zea mays ),
sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ). The
increase in yields of cocoa ( Theobroma cacao ) and cocoyam (
Colocasia esculenta ) would be hampered by increasing maximum
temperatures in the rainforest agroecology. Increasing rainfall and
temperature would impact warmer conditions that support rapid crop
putrefaction, flooding, droughts, challenging postharvest crop
management, pest and disease proliferation, and ultimately, reduced
crop yields. On the other hand, perpetually low rainfall and
temperature conditions will cause poor seedling emergence and growth,
seed and total crop loss. It is, therefore, imperative that effective
climate adaptation and mitigation mechanisms be put in place across the
agroecologies in the region.La variabilit\ue9 m\ue9t\ue9orologique et ses effets sur les
syst\ue8mes agricoles et alimentaires sont des pr\ue9occupations
mondiales en plein essor. Cette \ue9tude a examin\ue9 les effets de
la variabilit\ue9 m\ue9t\ue9orologique dans les
agro\ue9cologies d\ue9riv\ue9es de la savane et de la for\ueat
tropicale humide sur les rendements des cultures dans le sud-ouest du
Nigeria, et ce qu\u2019elle pr\ue9sage pour la s\ue9curit\ue9
alimentaire et nutritionnelle dans la r\ue9gion. La tendance de la
distribution des pr\ue9cipitations et de la temp\ue9rature a
\ue9t\ue9 analys\ue9e \ue0 l\u2019aide de la m\ue9thode
Sens. Les effets de la variabilit\ue9 m\ue9t\ue9orologique sur le
rendement des cultures et les d\ue9ductions sur ce qu\u2019elle
pr\ue9sage pour la s\ue9curit\ue9 alimentaire ont \ue9t\ue9
d\ue9termin\ue9s \ue0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un mod\ue8le de
r\ue9gression progressive. Les r\ue9sultats ont
r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9 que les fluctuations des pr\ue9cipitations
diminuaient les rendements du manioc ( Manihot esculenta ) et de
l\u2019igname (Dioscorea spp.) dans la savane d\ue9riv\ue9e ;
tandis qu\u2019une diminution de la temp\ue9rature pourrait
favoriser l\u2019am\ue9lioration des rendements du ma\uefs ( Zea
mays ), du sorgho ( Sorghum bicolor ) et du ni\ue9b\ue9 ( Vigna
unguiculata ). L\u2019augmentation des rendements du cacao (
Theobroma cacao ) et du cocoyam ( Colocasia esculenta ) serait
entrav\ue9e par l\u2019augmentation des temp\ue9ratures maximales
dans l\u2019agro\ue9cologie de la for\ueat tropicale.
L\u2019augmentation des pr\ue9cipitations et de la temp\ue9rature
aurait un impact sur des conditions plus chaudes qui favorisent la
putr\ue9faction rapide des cultures, les inondations, les
s\ue9cheresses, la gestion des cultures post-r\ue9colte difficile,
la prolif\ue9ration des ravageurs et des maladies et, en fin de
compte, la r\ue9duction des rendements des cultures. D\u2019autre
part, les pr\ue9cipitations et les conditions de temp\ue9rature
perp\ue9tuellement basses entra\ueeneront une mauvaise
\ue9mergence et croissance des semis, des semis et une perte totale
de r\ue9colte. Il est donc imp\ue9ratif que des m\ue9canismes
efficaces d\u2019adaptation et d\u2019att\ue9nuation du climat
soient mis en place dans les agro\ue9cologies de la r\ue9gion
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR RELATED TRAITS IN TOMATO
Get PDFTomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) yields have continued to plummet in
Kenya due to biotic stresses and reliance on low yielding varieties.
This study aimed at determining heterosis and combining ability for
fruit yield and yield components among tomato genotypes and select F1
hybrids combining high fruit yield and other market demanded traits
under Kenyan conditions. Ten parental genotypes and their 45 F1 hybrids
were studied using 10
710 half diallel mating design, excluding the
reciprocals and the self\u2019s. The experiment was set up in Kiambu
and Kirinyaga Counties in Kenya. Out of 45 F1 hybrids evaluated, 89%
had reduced (negative heterosis) days to 50% flowering and 11% days to
maturity, compared to their better parents. Higher heterosis (-9%) was
recorded on days to flowering in AVTO1429 x Cal J VF) and -5% for
maturity in Roma VF x AVTO1314. All the F1 hybrids had positive
heterosis for number of trusses per plant and fruit yield. F1 hybrid
AVTO1429 x AVTO1314 had the highest positive heterosis of 114.39% for
fruit weight per plant yield. The results showed high significant
difference among the ten genotypes for general and specific combining
ability effects (male x female) for all the traits evaluated. There was
additive and non-additive gene action for the traits, which are
important aspects in developing a tomato breeding programme.Les rendements de la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ont continu\ue9
de chuter au Kenya en raison des stress biotiques et de la
d\ue9pendance aux vari\ue9t\ue9s qui donnent le faible rendement.
Cette \ue9tude visait \ue0 d\ue9terminer
l\u2019h\ue9t\ue9rosis et \ue0 combiner la capacit\ue9 de
rendement en fruits et les composants de rendement parmi les
g\ue9notypes de tomates et s\ue9lectionner des hybrides F1
combinant un rendement \ue9lev\ue9 en fruits et d\u2019autres
caract\ue9ristiques demand\ue9es par le march\ue9 dans les
conditions kenyanes. Dix g\ue9notypes parentaux et leurs 45 hybrides
F1 ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9tudi\ue9s \ue0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un
plan d\u2019accouplement 10
7 10 demi-diall\ue8le, \ue0
l\u2019exclusion de la s\ue9lection r\ue9currente r\ue9ciproque
et autof\ue9condation. L\u2019exp\ue9rience a \ue9t\ue9 mise
en place dans les comt\ue9s de Kiambu et Kirinyaga au Kenya. Les
89\ua0% de 45 hybrides F1 \ue9valu\ue9s avaient des jours
r\ue9duits (h\ue9t\ue9rosis n\ue9gatif) \ue0 50\ua0% de
floraison et 11\ua0% de jours jusqu\u2019\ue0 maturit\ue9, par
rapport \ue0 leurs meilleurs parents. Une h\ue9t\ue9rosis plus
\ue9lev\ue9e (-9 %) a \ue9t\ue9 enregistr\ue9e sur les jours
pr\ue9c\ue9dant la floraison chez AVTO1429 x Cal J VF) et -5 % pour
la maturit\ue9 chez Roma VF x AVTO1314. Tous les hybrides F1 avaient
une h\ue9t\ue9rosis positive pour le nombre de grappes par plante
et le rendement en fruits. L\u2019hybride F1 AVTO1429 x AVTO1314
pr\ue9sentait l\u2019h\ue9t\ue9rosis positive la plus
\ue9lev\ue9e de 114,39 % pour le rendement en poids de fruit par
plante. Les r\ue9sultats ont montr\ue9 une diff\ue9rence
significative \ue9lev\ue9e entre les dix g\ue9notypes pour les
effets de capacit\ue9 de combinaison g\ue9n\ue9raux et
sp\ue9cifiques (m\ue2le x femelle) pour tous les traits
\ue9valu\ue9s. Il y avait une action g\ue9nique additive et non
additive pour les traits qui sont des aspects importants dans le
d\ue9veloppement d\u2019un programme de s\ue9lection de tomates
Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil Impacted Mining-Overburden in Enyigba, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study assessed the concentration of selected heavy metals (Lead
and Zinc) from surrounding soil of Royal Salt mining company, Enyigba
in Abakaliki LGA, Ebonyi State. Soil samples were collected from nine
(9) different locations at depths of 0-15 and 15-30cm. Two (2) samples
were collected from each of the nine locations, making it total of
eighteen (18) samples. Soil analysis carried out were particle size
distribution, pH, available Phosphorus, total Nitrogen, Organic Carbon,
organic matter, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, exchangeable
acidity, Aluminium, effective cation exchange capacity, base saturation
and two selected heavy metals, Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). Results shows
that heavy metals were highest in soil around the disposal site of mine
waste. The highest value of Pb and Zn was recorded on tailing down (TD)
14.82 and 25.33mg/kg at 0-15cm depth, 7.22 and 18.93mg/kg at 15-30cm
depth respectively. The accumulation of Pb and Zn at the mining site
(TD) may be due to mining activities, civil, industrial/anthropogenic
activities going on around the site. This study recommends regular
monitoring of heavy metal concentration in soil within the mining site
and their disposal site in order to conform to international standards
set by the WHO
Open Source Automation Software: Stirring Automated to Integrated Library System
Get PDFThe explosion of the World Wide Web; dynamic nature of information
technologies, such as open source; the increase in electronic
resources; and the rising expectations of library users have
contributed to the changing nature of the Automated Library System
(ALS) since its inception in the 1970s. These changes are reflected in
the conceptual differences between the ALS and the Integrated Library
System (ILS). The ALS is identified as simply a database to house and
retrieve a library\u2019s holdings while ILS is identified as robust
clusters of systems involving every process and module related to
library operations. This article presents a review on the evolving
features of some commonly adopted Open-Source ILS Software (Koha,
NewGenLib, Evergreen, PMB and OpenBiblio) which had stirred ALS to ILS,
as well as justifications and barriers to the use of open source
software in academic libraries
Effect of Alum-treated Groundnut ( Arachis hypogea ) Shell Meal on Blood Chemistry and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens
Get PDFEffect of alum-treated groundnut (Arachis hypogea) shell (ATGNS) meal
was studied on the blood chemistry and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty (240) day-old broiler chicks of
Anak strain were used for the study in a completely randomized design
for eight weeks. The chicks were allotted into six groups of forty
chicks each and further divided into four replicates of ten chicks
each.Groundnut shell (GNS) was processed by soaking it in water
containing alum in ratio 1kg of groundnut shell: 15 litre of water:
600g of alum for three, four, five and six days. Wheat offal was
included at 10% in T1 as positive control, 4% wheat offal and 6%
untreated groundnut shell (GNS) in T2 as negative control, and 4% wheat
offal with 6% treated GNS in treatments 3, 4, 5 and 6 at three days,
four day, five days and six days of processing respectively. Results on
haematological parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) different
except mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin
(MCH). Birds in T5 performed better than others in mean corpuscular
volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) with highest values
of 123.83% and 41.93pg respectively, while birds in T3 had the lowest
values of 115.28% and 39.05pg in the two parameters respectively. There
were significant (p<0.05) differences in serum total protein,
albumin and globulin, while other parameters measured showed no
significant (p>0.05) differences in serum biochemical studies. Birds
fed treatment 1 (T1) had the highest values of 3.95 and 2.72g/dl in
total protein and globulin respectively, while the lowest values 2.55
and 0.97g/dl were obtained from birds in T6 respectively. Cut-up parts
showed significant (p<0.05) differences in head, neck, back and
thigh across treatment means with the exception of other parameters
considered. The live weights of birds on processed groundnut shell
meal, although not significantly (p>0.05) different, were better
(p<0.05) than those on untreated groundnut shell meal (T2). Birds in
T6 had the highest values (2.95, 4.60 and 12.53%) in head, neck and
thigh respectively. The highest weight (18.02%) of back was recorded in
T1. Birds in T4 had the highest values of 19.60 and 4.20% in breast
muscle and shank respectively, while those in T3 recorded the lowest
(14.65%) in breast muscle, and those in T2 had the lowest (3.56%) in
shank. The results in conclusion, showed that alum-treated groundnut
shell(ATGNS) could replace wheat offal at 6% level of inclusion by
improving carcass yield as well as maintainingblood profile of broiler
chickens
Effect of Post-Dehulling Treatments on Anti-Nutritional and Functional Properties of Cowpea ( Vigna Unguiculata ) Flour
Get PDFRecently, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) has been cited for imparting
specific positive health potentiating responses when properly
positioned in the diet. However, inherent anti-nutritional factors in
cowpea have long been recognized as concerns and require appropriate
processing conditions to ameliorate adverse effects. The study focuses
on effect of post-dehulling treatments on anti-nutritional and
functional properties of cowpea flour. Three genotypes of cowpea
(IT99K-573-2-1, IT96D-610, and IT07K-292-10) were dehulled. Dehulled
cowpeas were boiled, roasted or autoclaved and prepared into flour. Raw
(dehulled) cowpea genotype served as control. Anti-nutritional and
functional properties of the products were determined using standard
procedures. Antinutrient concentration of cowpeas differed
significantly (p 640.05) among genotypes. Tannin, phytate and
oxalate concentration ranged from 31.15 to 121.80g/kg, 22.31 to 48.04
g/kg and 0.01 to 0.026g/kg respectively. Coloured beans (IT96D-610),
had significantly lower anti-nutritional content than those of white
beans (IT99K-573-2-1 and IT07K-292-10). All heat treatments
significantly reduced the levels of investigated anti-nutrients
compared to their respective control. Water absorption capacity and oil
absorption capacity were found in the range of 2.12\u20133.07 mL/g and
1.37-1.73 mL/g, respectively. Swelling power, starch solubility, loose
bulk density and packed bulk density varied between 10.79 to 18.42g/g,
0.16 to 1.52g/g, 0.64 to 0.73g/mL and 0.84 to 0.94 g/mL respectively.
Colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, hab, C*) showed significant variations
among the genotypes. The combined varietal and processing variation
induced significant modification in the inherent anti-nutrients and
functional properties of dehulled cowpea as attested by the highly
significant (p 640.05) correlations observed. Processing of cowpea
seeds in these forms presents an opportunity for extending their use
beyond the dehulled seeds in food system