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Vegetation fragmentation of Marapanim River watershed, northeastern of Par\ue1 state
No full textA fragmenta\ue7\ue3o florestal \ue9 uma das principais
consequ\ueancias das atividades antr\uf3picas em \ue1reas de
vegeta\ue7\ue3o nativa. Quando considerada a abordagem de bacias
hidrogr\ue1ficas, a fragmenta\ue7\ue3o pode aumentar processos
erosivos e alterar o regime h\ueddrico, notadamente em
decorr\ueancia das a\ue7\uf5es de desmatamento. Assim, no
presente estudo buscou-se analisar a estrutura da paisagem da bacia
hidrogr\ue1fica do rio Marapanim-PA, com o enfoque na
fragmenta\ue7\ue3o da vegeta\ue7\ue3o arb\uf3rea. Para isso,
foi utilizada uma cena do sat\ue9lite Landsat 8, sensor OLI,
adquirida em 2017 e classificada usando o algoritmo da M\ue1xima
Verossimilhan\ue7a a fim de classificar e estimar os diferentes usos
e coberturas da terra em 2017 na \ue1rea da bacia. Subsequentemente,
realizou-se a an\ue1lise dos fragmentos florestais utilizando as
m\ue9tricas da paisagem em n\uedvel de mancha (patch), classe
(class) e paisagem (landscape). Os resultados indicam que a paisagem da
bacia hidrogr\ue1fica \ue9 majoritariamente composta por
vegeta\ue7\ue3o arb\uf3rea (49%) e \ue1reas de agricultura
(29%), respons\ue1vel pelas principais altera\ue7\uf5es na
cobertura vegetal nativa da bacia estudada. O estudo da
quantifica\ue7\ue3o e caracteriza\ue7\ue3o da estrutura da
paisagem mostrou que a paisagem da bacia se encontra muito fragmentada,
com um total de 16.697 fragmentos. O tamanho m\ue9dio dos fragmentos
\ue9 de 12,79 ha, considerado de valor mediano para
conserva\ue7\ue3o da biodiversidade. A classe de
vegeta\ue7\ue3o arb\uf3rea \ue9 a mais fragmentada,
representando 41,36% do total de fragmentos da paisagem da bacia. O
\uedndice de forma desses fragmentos \ue9 de 1,56, indicando a
predomin\ue2ncia de formas mais irregulares e, portanto, mais
suscept\uedvel aos efeitos de borda. Os resultados deste estudo podem
subsidiar a formula\ue7\ue3o de a\ue7\uf5es e/ou pol\uedticas
p\ufablicas visando promover a recupera\ue7\ue3o e
manuten\ue7\ue3o dos fragmentos da vegeta\ue7\ue3o arb\uf3rea
da bacia hidrogr\ue1fica do rio Marapanim no estado do Par\ue1.Forest fragmentation is one of the main consequences of anthropogenic
activities in native vegetation areas. When considering the watershed
approach, the fragmentation can increase the erosion processes and
alter the water regime, notably as a result of deforestation actions.
Thus, the present study sought to analyze the landscape structure of
Marapanim river watershed, focusing on the fragmentation of tree
vegetation. To do so, a Landsat 8, OLI sensor satellite scene acquired
in 2017 and classified using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm was used
to classify and estimate the different land uses and land cover in 2017
in the basin area. Subsequently, the forest fragments were analyzed
using patch level, class and landscape metrics. The results indicate
that the landscape of the watershed is mostly composed of tree
vegetation (49%) and agricultural areas (29%), responsible for the main
changes in the native vegetation cover of the studied basin. The study
of the quantification and characterization of the landscape structure
showed that the basin landscape is very fragmented, with a total of
16,697 fragments. The average fragment size is 12.79 ha, considered of
medium value for biodiversity conservation. The class of tree
vegetation is the most fragmented, representing 41.36% of the total
fragments of the basin landscape. The shape index of these fragments is
1.56, indicating the predominance of more irregular shapes and
therefore more susceptible to edge effects. The results of this study
may support the formulation of actions and/or public policies aimed at
promoting the recovery and maintenance of tree vegetation fragments of
the Marapanim river watershed in the state of Par\ue1
Evaluation of Stoichiometry, Stability Constants and Gibbs Free Energies of Acetaminophen-Zn (II) complex at Different Temperatures
Get PDFAcetaminophen also known as paracetamol, is a drug used in the
treatment of pain and fever. It is essentially used for the relief of
mild to moderate pain. The presence of phenol and carbonyl oxygen atom
enables acetaminophen to behave as a bidentate ligand. The
stoichiometry, stability constants and Gibbs free energies of
acetaminophen-Zn (II) were determined colorimetrically at 25 and 40 oC
using continuous variation and mole ratio methods. The formation of Zn
(II) complex with acetaminophen was studied colorimetrically at an
absorption maximum of 630 nm at different temperatures. The data showed
that Zn (II) and acetaminophen combine in the molar ratio of 1:1 at pH
7.4 with ionic strength maintained using 0.1M KNO3. Calculated
stability constants values were 2.70 x 103 and 2.20 x 103 using
continuous variation method and 7.21 x 103 and 7.21 x 103 using mole
ratio methods at 25 and 40 oC respectively. Calculated 06G\u19f
for the complex were - 1.96 x 104 and -1.98 x 104 J using continuous
variation method and -2.2 x 104 J and - 2.31 x 104 J using mole ratio
method at 25 and 40 oC respectively. The stability constant and Gibbs
free energy results suggested that acetaminophen used in the study is a
good chelating agent and can be an efficient antidote in the therapy of
Zn (II) overload or poisoning
Effect of Organic Alternative Scouring Agents on Structure of Cellulose/Polyester Blend Fabric
Get PDFThis study investigated the effect of organic alternative scouring
agents on structure of cotton/polyester blend fabric. A structural
modification for a cellulose/polyester blend has been carried out using
(COOH)2, CH3COOH and CH3CH2OH alternative scouring agents and NaOH was
used as control. The scoured fabrics were then subjected to structural
analysis using X-ray diffraction in order to expose the possible
modifications on the pretreated fabrics. The samples showed
possibilities of being highly competitive with the conventional agent.
These inferences were drawn from the difference in the crystallinity
index of scoured samples (10.10-60.03%), the crystallite size of
scoured samples (6-9 nm) in the crystalline region (6-11 nm), in the
amorphous region, inter-planar spacing of the scoured samples
(0.340-0.350 nm) of the crystalline region and (0.360-0.390 nm) of the
amorphous region of sample and number of crystalline planes of the
scoured sample is (3-10) of the cellulose/polyester blend fabric
samples via X-ray diffraction studies
Understanding Smart Wearable Sensors Technology: Impact on Human Health and Fitness
Get PDFIn the field of health care management, smart wearable devices and its
supporting technologies have tremendously made a name all around the
globe. Smart watches and other sensor trackers are practically being
used by various people and its usage has shown to be accompanied with
lots of benefits. This technology was envisaged to play a vital role in
the healthcare needs of people; especially with applications in the
healthcare sector. The objective of this study, therefore, is to
evaluate the technological impact of wearable sensors in human health
and fitness (HHF). A web based survey was used for data collection for
the period of one month. Emails were sent to registered members of a
particular gym who uses any of the smart wearable sensors in keeping
fit. The study findings indicate that among the smart wearable devices
examined, smart wristwatches (45.6%) appears to be the most commonly
used wearable sensor device followed by smart wrist bands (34.7%),
smart textiles (10.7%) and smart rings (9.1%). This signifies that a
large number of people can effortlessly use SWSs and devices and are
optimistic about its support in their daily healthcare/fitness needs.
Users are positive on the technological prospects of SWSs and devices;
although there is a gap between personal motivation to use wearable
devices and trust in the confidentiality and privacy of data generated
Impact of Insecticide Treated Nets and Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Reducing Malaria Morbidity among Pregnant Women in Gombe, Nigeria
Get PDFMalaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem affecting women
fetuses and new borns.. Many studies highlight the critical importance
of continuing the use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) and
Intermittent Preventive Treatment In Pregnancy (IPTp) among pregnant
women to reduce the adverse consequences of malaria in pregnancy. This
study was conducted in order to determine malaria prevalence in
relation to the use of ITN and IPTp among the pregnant women in the
study area. Five (5) ml of blood was obtained from each participant by
the use of a sterile syringe and placed in a sterile EDTA container for
laboratory analysis. The malaria parasite was detected by microscopic
examination of Giemsa-stained thick blood films. Information on the use
of ITN and IPTP was collected using administered questionnaire. A high
prevalence of 78.4% was observed among the studied population. Although
74.4% of those that use ITN were positive for malaria parasite as
against the 83.6% of those that reported not using the ITN, the
difference was statistically not significant (p<0.05). 70.0% of
those reported using IPTp were positive however, higher percentage was
observed for those reported not using IPTp (83.7.0%). The difference
was statistically significant in this case. This study has shown the
influence of malaria prevention method during pregnancy on malaria
infection and the need for targeted preventive starategies when
designing and implementing policies aimed at improving uptake of these
measures during pregnancy in Gombe
Awareness on the Prevention and Treatment of Malaria among Residents in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
Get PDFNigeria, the most populous nation in the Sub-Saharan African region,
remains ravaged with a high occurrence of malaria infections which
accounts for one-fourth of malaria cases globally. Communal awareness
is important in the total eradication of malaria in Africa and the
world at large. This study is to ascertain the awareness of individuals
in Abraka communities on the transmission, prevention and treatment of
malaria. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among people of
Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, using 200 structured questionnaires. Data
was presented as percentage (%) using descriptive statistics. Majority
of the respondents were females (51%), 83.5% practiced Christianity,
63% of the subjects are single, and a total of 60.4% either into
business, employed or selfemployed with 38% being students. Eighty-nine
percent (89%) of the respondents indicated that mosquito bite is the
mode of transmission of malaria and 82.5% of the respondents stated
that refuse dump is the major factor that breed mosquito. A large
number of the respondents (95%) have been engaged in one or more
malaria preventive (control) methods. A greater percent (30%) commonly
used artesunate in treating malaria, while 25% took Coartem\uae
(artemether/lumefantrine), 23% took Lonart\uae
(artemether/lumefantrine), 10% took quinine and 12% had other drugs
they took for the treatment of malaria. There was much awareness on the
spread, prevention and treatment of malaria in Abraka, Delta State
Effectiveness of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) Seed Oil in Controlling Wood Termite
Get PDFThe protection of wood against biodeteriorating agents like termite
during processing or in service has call for serious possible approach
using new safer, environmental friendly preservatives hence this study
therefore evaluated Azadirachta indica seed oil against termite attack
on Gmelina arborea and Triplochiton scleroxylon wood. The seed oil
was obtained using a soxhlet apparatus and N-hexane as the solvent. The
wood was dimensioned into 20x20x20 mm and the seed oil was applied by
brushing, dipping and soaking and exposed to termitarium while the
absorption rate and weight loss to termite attack were determined. Data
collected was analyzed using simple statistics and analysis of variance
at \u3b10.05. The antimicrobial properties of the need seed oil are
due to the availability of phytochemicals which promote antimicrobial
activity. The maximum wood protection against termite of all the
methods of application was obtained from soaking. The absorption and
weight loss ranged from 11.20 - 43.88 % and 56.50 -61.58 % for G.
arborea and T. scleroxylon respectively. However, all the application
methods used for the wood treatment proved to be effective over the
untreated wood
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Roadside Canola Fields in Mazandaran Province, Iran
Get PDFContamination of agricultural products with heavy metals in soil and
air is considered as serious threat to the quality and safety of these
products. Cars and vehicles are among the major sources of heavy metals
such as lead, iron and copper in the environment surrounding roads and
highways. According to carcinogenic and destructive effects of these
elements on human health, the aim of this study is to measure the
concentrations of lead, iron and copper resulting from the traffic of
vehicles available in the soil and canola plants growing in the central
regions of MAZANDARAN province in Iran. In this research, sampling was
conducted randomly and the values of mentioned elements were measured
using flame atomic absorption device according to standard methods. The
results showed that the levels of lead, iron and copper elements were
higher in canola plant samples, including root, aerial parts and seeds,
compared with the respective cultivated soils. The results indicated
that the contamination of canola plant with mentioned pollutants has
been mostly through aerial parts compared to the soil
3D Petrophysical Modelling Of Queen Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
Get PDFPetrophysical-Modelling is indispensable in upstream Projects,
considering the high cost, risks and uncertainties associated with this
sector. Petrophysical qualities for Queen Field was modeled using
Information obtained and analyzed from well-logs and 3-D Seismic data.
Coarse-grain, Medium- grain and fine-grain Sands as well as Shale were
all delineated by GR log. Results of petrophysical evaluation conducted
on seven reservoir intervals correlated across the field showed that;
Shale volume was below 35%, Total Porosity are > 20% Effective
Porosity are >15% Permeability is > 380.00mD all of this conforms
to excellent reservoir quantity. Seismic interpretation showed the
presence of synthetic and antithetic faults. Two horizons were mapped
on seismic data and utilized for modeling. These models were the
framework for facies and petrophysical properties distribution. Facies
models were generated using sequential indicator simulation while
petrophysical properties were generated using sequential gaussian
simulation algorithm. A comparison was further done between facies
constrained and non-facies constrained models. It was found that for
Porosity, Permeability, Water of Saturation and Shale Volume Models not
constrained to facies all showed overestimated Models, in addition
Stochastic STOIIP not constrained to facies gave an Over Estimated P50
value for Surface I and O Reservoir Interval as 624.028M, 76.28MM, when
compared to Stochastic Hydrocarbon STOIIP when constrained to facies
that showed Stochastic P50 value of 513,247 and 67.04MM for surface I
and O and Deterministic STOIIP of 742.90M and 87.88MM. This study
validates the practice of constraining Petrophysical model to facies
available on the field as the best practice
Evaluation of Changes in Food Properties and Mineral Composition of Tiger Nuts at Variable Drying Temperatures
Get PDFEffective storage conditions can resolve the challenge of food scarcity
and extinction of certain food species. Therefore, this study
investigated the changes in the food properties and mineral composition
of tiger nuts at temperatures of 23, 40, 55, 80 and 100 0C. Results
show that while the temperature of 550C influenced water, crude protein
and carbohydrate contents retention in the tiger nuts, fats were better
retained at 800C. This indicates that food nutrients and properties of
tiger nuts should be better retained at temperatures 65 500