Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology
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CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL AND PLANTS AROUND WASTE DUMPSITES IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Get PDFAims: The purpose of this project is to find the concentration of heavy metals in the topsoil and the plant around the waste dumpsite from Enugu municipal solid disposal sites. Methodology and Results: There was a collection of soil samples from four designated public municipal solid waste dumpsites in Enugu metropolis. The soil samples were collected at 10m intervals from the centre location point of each dumpsite at a constant depth. The sample collection design include centre (0 m) of the dumpsites, 10, 20, and 30m. However, the control sample was 65m away from the centre of dumpsites at the same depth. Plant samples were taken just at the centre (0m), and control measures were at 65m distance away from each dumpsite. The Goat grasses harvested were taken to the lab to determine and analyse heavy metals intake from the soil. These samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA320N) model. On the average, high concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Pb found in the soil samples collected at the centre of the dumpsites were 141.70, 121.5, 75.53, 70.33 and 64.53 mg/kg respectively. The results were statistically analysed and had significant effects between the samples (p < 0.05). Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The heavy metals studied were within the acceptable or permissible limit by WHO and FAO. However, the plant intake of zinc at Presidential that was beyond the maximum permissible level of 163.45 mg/kg Zn compared with FAO and WHO standard of 50 mg/kg
CONTINUOUS PIGGERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH ANAEROBIC BAFFLED REACTOR (ABR) BY BIO-ACTIVATOR EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS (EM4)
Get PDFAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency and characteristics of pig wastewater treatment. This was to be achieved using ABR with the addition of effective microorganism4 (EM4) as a bio-activator during the startup process (R1) and without EM4 (R2). Methodology and Results: Piggery wastewater is poured into ABR with 12 hours HRT (hydraulic retention time), though it is reduced to 6 hours after the concentration is stable. The COD removal efficiency at 12 hours HRT was 60% (R1) and 51% (R2). However, the results did not change significantly, since the 6 hours HRT COD efficiency was 57.8% (R1) and 51.3% (R2). The biomass growth rate at R1 is faster than R2 with Food to Microorganism Ratio (F/M) 0.4-0.89 (R1) and 0.68-1.38 (R2) while the yield of methane gas formation was 0.25-0.28 L-CH4/g-COD. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: COD effluent is the total organic material present in the piggery wastewater effluent, which is discharged into water bodies without meeting the set quality standards. This damages the quality of water bodies. The wastewater treatment needs to be prioritized to meet quality standards of COD effluent. Also, the addition of EM4 to the activated sludge reactor improves the COD removal efficiency and biomass growth, though advanced treatment is still needed for piggery wastewater
HORSETAIL PLANT PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL IN THE DECREASE OF HEAVY METAL IRON (Fe) IN LEACHATE AT CILOWONG’S LANDFILL AREA SERANG CITY
Get PDFAim: This study aims to determine the potency of horsetail plant to remove heavy metal concentration. Methodology and Results: Data was obtained from fifty-four (54) horsetails which were divided into three batches of 12, 18, and 24 plants respectively. Furthermore, the experimental method with the subsurface flow system treatment was used with two samplings for seven days. The results showed that the first, second and third batches gave a 6.83%, 10.28%, and 16.26% impact on reducing concentration of Fe respectively with an approximate average of 11%. Therefore, the detention time of the leachate constructed wetland reactors significantly reduced the Fe contaminant. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: This research provides a solution to mitigate the environment by adopting the accumulator of Horsetail plants (Equisetem hyemale) in the constructed wetlands reactor experiment. From the three reactors approximately 0.03 mg/L of heavy metal iron was removed after a seven day run. Therefore, horsetail plant showed a positive impact in reducing environmental pollution, a trend adoptable in wastewater and leachate treatment technology in Indonesia
COMPARISON OF GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL-IMPACT ON THE HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS-SLUDGE FROM THE CENTRALIZED INDUSTRIAL-WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Get PDFAim: This study aimed to compare the secured landfill method and thermally sludge treatment through gasification, in order to determine their environmental impacts. Methodology and Results: The gate-to-gate LCA method was the implementation approach used to determine the, limits and assumptions to the actual condition. The experimental, theoretical mass balance calculation and secondary data of previous researches were used to carry out this study, with open-source openLCA software. In addition, the LCA was made up of four phases which include goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and data interpretation. The simulation showed that the implementation of the thermal gasification process reduced the emission released to the atmosphere by lowering the hazardous sludge volume which is directly transported to the secured landfill. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Several assumptions and adjustments were made to the simulation results using the openLCA software, in the determined scope of study. Therefore, in conclusion, the thermal (gasification) treatment of hazardous sludge is further studied in connection with its implementation at the treatment plant. This was indicated by the acquisition of global warming potential impact category of 673 kg CO2 eq for direct disposal to secured landfill, which reduced to 424 kg CO2 eq during the implementation of thermal treatment. Conversely, there is a reduction in magnitude of impact by 37%
A STUDY OF POLLUTION LOAD CAPACITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN CIBABAT RIVER IN THE WATERSHED OF CITARUM RIVER
Get PDFThe Sub Watershed of Cibabat is one of the rivers included in the Upstream Citarum River, in Cimahi City. This industrial sector which consists of 36 different industries is among the highest contributors of pollution load. Aim: This study analyzed the pollutant loads entering the Cibabat River in existing conditions and projections from the industrial sector. Methodology and Results: The pollutant loads, emitted from the industrial sector was used to calculate the discharged data, concentration, number of employees and products, as well as emission factors (EF). In 2018, the industrial sector pollution load was 3,518.82 kg/day TSS, 8,231.83 kg/day BOD and 14,467.68 kg/day COD. However, it increased to 3,885.06 kg/day TSS, 9,088.61 kg/day BOD and 15,973.48 kg/day COD during this project year. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The pollution loads on Cibabat River emitted from the industrial sector, which increases yearly by 2% was be reduced by developing wastewater treatment communal for industries
EVALUATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT ACHIEVEMENT IN PADANGTEGAL PEKRAMAN VILLAGE, UBUD SUB DISTRICT, GIANYAR DISTRICT, BALI
Get PDFAim: This study aims to evaluate the practice of waste management system conducted by community and business units in one traditional village in Bali and to discover the contributing factors to the success of the practice. Methodology and Results: A set of waste sampling method, observation, and interview were conducted to collect the basis data for the data calculation and analysis. The results show that the waste generation in Padangtegal Village currently reaches 38.18 m3/day or 1145.41 m3/month, with the largest weight composition from leaves and twigs waste (39.87%), food waste (29.07 %), and plastic (13.11%). With 100% of waste handling service, the processing of waste carried out in the area only reached 5.06% of 3R behavior (reduce, reuse, and recycle) at the source, and 1.10% composting at the composting house (Rumah Kompos). Conclusion, significance and impact study: Most of the processing carried out at Temesi Recycling is through composting (33.98%) and recovery of recycled material (33.68%), resulting in a residue (26.19%) which is transported to the Suwung Landfill. It could be concluded that organic waste processing through composting and recycling non-organic waste could reduce waste volume transported to the landfill about 67%
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE QUANTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION IN BANYUWANGI, INDONESIA
Get PDFAim: This study aims to identify the characteristics and generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Banyuwangi. Methodology and Results: The solid waste characterization was carried out in two areas in Banyuwangi, referring to the Indonesian National Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia/SNI) 19-3964-1995. The results show that the highest composition is organics of 36% (39% from households/HSW and 35.35% from Non-HSW). The highest solid waste (SW) generation from industrial areas and train station are 0.61 and 1.38 kg/population.day, respectively, while the SW density from the bus station is 375.46 kg/m3. The weight, volume, and density of household solid waste (HSW) are 0.17 kg/population.day, 2.02 L/population.day, and 81.07 kg/m3, respectively. The population of Zone 1 and Zone 2 is 142.054 in 2016, generating 8,814 tons of HSW per year (tpy). Conclusion, significance and impact study: The main MSW compositions in Banyuwangi are organics (36%), plastics (17.20%), and papers (15.78%). Household solid waste generation in Banyuwangi reaches 8.8 tons per year with the primary compositions of 39% organics, 18.92% residues, 18.4% papers, and 14.4% plastics. The highest number of residue defines that 81% of solid waste can be recycled
THE STUDY OF WATER QUALITY STATUS IN THE NGEBRONG RIVER WITH PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN THE TAWANGSARI BARAT REGION, PUJON DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY
Get PDFAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of water quality in a river by using the Pollution Index method as stated in the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115/2003 regarding Guidelines for Determining the Status of Water Quality and to determine the effect of quality status on development efforts towards ecotourism. Methodology and Results: The measurement of water quality was carried out at two points, namely T1 (upstream) and T2 (downstream) points. The parameters included BOD, COD, DO, TSS, Temperature, pH, Zn, S, P, No3, and No2. From the test results for class I, II, and III criteria, almost all parameters exceeded the quality standard. The status of the river water quality, according to the Pollution Index, has increased from moderate polluted upstream and heavily polluted to certain parameters downstream. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The quality standards that are met for the river are criteria for class IV. The increase in pollution is indicated by human activity around the river which is characterized by increasing population and land use in agriculture and plantations. The increasing pollution reduces the quality of the river if it is developed into an ecotourism area due to its low water quality status
ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE FOR SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IN YOGYAKARTA
Get PDFAim: This study investigates the development of a sustainable groundwater management strategy in Yogyakarta province through groundwater recharge technologies. This study also compares technologies used in the province and the one already implemented in Perth due to its similar nature in site geology and hydrogeology. Methodology and Results: Primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed. Water depth and hydraulic conductivity data were analyzed using permeameter and GIS program. GIS image analysis of water depth and hydraulic conductivity suggested that the placement of potential aquifer recharge sites would be best suited in the north-east part of the province, slightly outside the study area, to provide water for all. Two recharge schemes of an infiltration basin and an injection well with storm water detention tank were proposed. The injection well was decided upon, despite its higher cost, due to the impermeability of soils in Yogyakarta and possible water seepage to the environment. Similar to Perth’s Hartfield park scheme, an injection well would directly bypass these soil layers to recharge the aquifers with rainwater and storm water. Hartfield Park injects 4400 kL of water/year. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings of this study indicate aquifer recharge is a possible solution to overcome Yogyakarta’s high abstraction. Further studies recommend that injection well trials are further developed in terms of location, depth and sizing