Indonesian Journal of Urban and Environmental Technology
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DEGRADATION OF POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC WASTE BY INDIGENOUS MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM AND FUNGI
Get PDFAim: The aims of this research is to determine the ability of an indigenous microbial consortium to degrade Low Density Polyethylene plastics. The plastic was cut mechanically into 1 x 1 cm2 pieces because the smaller the size of the plastic, the larger the surface area. The samples are input in an Erlenmeyer flask containing indigenous microbial consortium and fungi (20% v/v) and Stone Mineral Salt solution media (80% v/v). This research lasted 10 days with a pH of 7 controlled and temperature variations of 25, 30, 35°C. As preliminary research, the sensitivity test seeks to demonstrate that the indigenous microbial consortium and fungi are resistant or insensitive to LDPE. The degradation of LDPE plastic was analyzed using gravimetric methods, Fourier Transform Infrared, and a scanning electron microscope. Methodology and results: According to the results of gravimetric and FTIR analysis, the highest removal value was at a temperature variation of 30°C. The gravimetric analysis revealed that the weight loss in LDPE plastic was 0.0082 gr to 0,0074 gr or 9.76 %, while the FTIR analysis revealed that the intensity removal result was 6,27 %. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis revealed morphological changes on the surface of LDPE plastic samples, confirming these findings. Several factors influence the changes that occur in this study\u27s LDPE plastic samples
MAKING BRIQUETTES FROM WASTE OF COCONUT SHELL AND PEANUT SHELL
Get PDFAims: This study aimed to increase the utilization of biomass-derived from the waste of coconut and peanut shells by making them as briquettes, as an alternative to fuel. The scarcity of petroleum because of its increasingly limited existence encourages all parties to take part in the development and discovery of new alternative energies. This is expected to overcome one of the most important of the many problems facing this country. The method used in this research is to start with a literature study of materials from various sources about the benefits and manufacturing of briquettes from biomass waste as an alternative energy source to be further tested for quality. This involves a heat test, water content test, ash content test and determination of the flying matter. Results: The test results showed that natural gas emissions were below threshold, namely 0-30 ppm CO, 0-3.6 ppm H2S, and undetectable NOx. After evaluation, the results showed that with the addition of 30% of the biomass, the ignition time was reduced and the remaining unburned briquettes or bottom ash was reduced by 68.68%. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: The results help the community and the parties involved related to appropriate bio briquettes technology. It also eventually becomes one of the solutions to assist the government in solving problems related to alternative fuels to petroleum
THE PRESERVATION OF RIVERBANK SETTLEMENT AS A TOURISM POTENTIAL IN THE CITY OF PALEMBANG, SOUTH SUMATERA
Get PDFAim: This study examines the current living culture of riverbank residents by observing the choice of factual house and the house preferences. A house is the physical characteristic of cultural products indicating the current living culture. The riverbank settlements are part of the historical development of the city of Palembang. Methodology and Results: This research focuses on the physical form of residential buildings from the perspective of socio-cultural preservation. Restoring the characteristics of the riverbank area is a necessary potential. The design process can be directed toward technical innovation, social aspect and the use of materials that correspond to the features of the area. Furthermore, the cultural ecological interaction has created a living culture in the riverbank. This is evident in the constructed houses of residents with structure, technology, and material conforming to the fluctuating conditions of the ecosystem. The settlement’s characteristics generate an image of a river city, which have also become a tourist attraction in Palembang. However, the living culture has changed due to the innovation in building technology, the shift in the focus of development, and the availability of natural resources which diminish these features. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This will encourage tourists to visit the developed areas with a preservation approach, integrating new cultural living with the conservation of the river city features for tourism interest. Furthermore, the preservation of tourism activities are not only unchanged, but also an adaptation flexibility to continuously look for new forms for the symbiosis between man and nature
THE PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE FROM BAGASSE ON INCREASED OIL RECOVERY
Get PDFAims: This study aims to determine the synthesis of bagasse to form surfactants and evaluation of the performance of the sample to increase oil yield. Indonesia generates very large amounts of solid waste, without recycling or adequate management efforts to preserve the environment. Bagasse emerged as one of the most abundant biomass due to the operations of large plantations and factories. Furthermore, previous studies showed extensive uses in the fields of compost, animal feed, bioethanol energy, paper, and reinforced building materials. Methodology and Results: Lignin was extracted from bagasse to process sodium lignosulfonate surfactant (SLS surfactant). The synthesis was characterized several times, and certain examples showed significant HLB values, as a function of emulsion builder. This condition in the oil reservoir is required to reduce interface stress (IFT) and friction in the movement of particles. Another analyses involves the assessment of core flooding of specific synthetic core and crude samples. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The results confirm the ability of surfactant bagasse to increase oil recovery, namely the HLB value of 11.6. The results also show the surfactant classification with the ability to form a middle-phase emulsion in order to increase petroleum products. Therefore, bagasse as solid waste has a performance effect on the process of increasing petroleum production
ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE POTENTIAL WATER AVAILABILITY IN THE SEMI-ARID AREA OF KUPANG, INDONESIA
Get PDFAims: This study discusses water resources management based on water discharge potential of the Oebobo-Liliba watershed in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Methodology and Results: River water discharge was analyzed based on hydrological data of a span of 10-years. Average rainfall was calculated using the arithmetic mean method, and potential evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated through Penman Modification with CROPWAT 8.0. The discharge analysis was conducted through a Mock method. Change in land cover was rendered using related land maps from year 2008 and 2018. Management of agricultural land was discussed through a descriptive analysis. The results showed an average monthly discharge of 0.667 m3/sec. The need for clean water is rendered to be 170 liters/person/day, and the discharge requirement of 90% = 281 liters/sec is concluded to be able to meet the community\u27s clean water needs which amounts to 142,569 people. The total area of paddy fields is 5.38 Ha with water requirements of 1.5 liter/sec/ha, where 80% or 348 Liter/sec can be used to irrigate 232 hectares of paddy. Further results show that land cover in dryland forests decreased from 15% to 10%, settlements increased from 20% to 49%, and shrubs diminished from 20% to 0%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The minimum debit trend shows a declining trend, while the maximum discharge trend shows an inclining trend. This research concludes that water discharge is adequate to meet community needs yet requires proper water resources management strategy from upstream to downstream of the watershed
ASSESSMENT OF CONCENTRATION STATUS OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN WATER ALONG RIVER DILIMI, JOS NORTH, PLATEAU STATE-NIGERIA
Get PDFAim: This study was carried out to assess concentration status of someheavy metals in water along River Dilimi, Nigeria. The Nigerian inland waterbodies have been subjected to various forms of degradation due topollution. River Dilimi in Jos North of Plateau state capital is one of suchendangered inland water bodies. Activities around and in the river has ledto discharge of various heavy metal pollutants into the aquaticenvironment rendering water unsuitable for its intended purposes.Methodology and Results: Six (6) water samples were collected at theupper, centre and lower section of the river at the 20 and 120 cm depth, for every six (6) weeks making a total of eighteen (18) samples, Analyzed atNigerian Institute of Mining and Geosciences, Jos. The water samplescollected were pre-treated with few drops of concentrated Nitric acid, anddigested with Aqua-regia in the ratio of 3:1 for an hour. Different standardsolutions were prepared for AAS analysis under Beer-Lambert method ofmetal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Thedata obtained were subjected statistical analysis. The results obtained fromanalyzed water samples were alarming, iron, lead, cadmium andManganese were above the recommended threshold by 277, 6,400, 1,233and 580% accordingly, while zinc and copper were within permissible limit.Conclusion, significance and impact study: River Dilimi can be said to behighly concentrated with hazardous metals of concern like Fe, Pb, Cd andMn. This as a result of bioaccumulation will affect human and animalhealth, aquatic life and crop productivity
REDUCTION OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM THE COMPOSTING OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE SOLID WASTE USING ZEOLITE
Get PDFThe process of aerobic composting the slaughterhouse (SH) solid waste generate ammonia emissions. Aim: The objective of this research to study the ability of the adsorbent to use zeolite to reduce ammonia gas emissions during the composting process of SH solid waste. Methodology and Results: Reduction of ammonia emission is conducted during the aerobic composting process which is 50 days. The raw material composition of the composting process used was 100% rumen contents, 60% rumen contents: 40% straw, 50% rumen contents: 50% straw, and 40% rumen contents: 60% straw. Zeolite used in the form of granular size 100 mesh. The result of the research showed that the level of release of ammonia gas emissions during the composting process could be reduced by zeolite. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The efficiency of reducing ammonia gas emissions using zeolite adsorbents in the composting process of SH solid waste ranges from 98.09 - 99.40% on average. Zeolite is an adsorbent that has high adsorption power because it has many pores and has a high ion exchange high capacity and serves as an absorbent cation that can cause environmental pollution
THE IMPACT OF POOR SANITATION ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A GLOBAL REVIEW
Get PDFAim: The objective of this paper is to review the impact of poor sanitation on global tourism development. Methodology and Results: The majority of the data for this study was sourced from World Development Indicators (WDI) dataset for more than 200 countries in 2014 from the World Bank. A regression analysis was applied to analyze the impact of access to improved sanitation on tourism development by using some indicators such as the number of tourist arrivals, the proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, and the proportion of the population using improved water facilities. The study found that the relationship between the proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities and the number of tourist arrivals is significant. Poor sanitation has been shown to have huge negative impacts on public health and the economy. In terms of the economic impacts, the lack of access to improved sanitation causes economic losses related to the direct costs of treating sanitation-related diseases and the indirect cost of lost income through reduced productivity. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Access to basic sanitation facilities is regarded as one of the aspects that should be considered to support the tourism industry, particularly in developing countries. This study suggests that providing sanitation is the best investment for promoting tourism. Decision-makers should act now, and in a concerted way, to provide adequate sanitation services and at the same time sustaining tourism growth as an essential aspect of a country’s economy
VALUE INCREASING OF REJECT COAL WITH BIOMASS ADDING AS BIO-COAL BRIQUETTE
Get PDFAim: This paper aims to explain the added value increasing method of reject coal which has not utilized by the company. Methodology and Results: The method to increase added value in this study used the agglomeration process of briquettes form that changing composition by adding biomass. The biomass functions to minimize bottom ash produced from burning briquettes so that the briquettes burn entirely. Stages processes in this study consist of characterization, briquetting, physical test, and chemical test. Based on the analysis, reject coal still has a high calorific value of 5,929 cal/gr. Shapes and sizes that were not following needs of coal market or consumer due to reject coal to be a waste. Briquettes have been successfully produced and meet specification requirements based on applicable regulations in Indonesia. Besides physical properties, the briquette meet density requirements which are greater than or equal to 1 gr/cm3 and shatter index value is less than 0.5%. The gas emission test shows below threshold, which is CO 0-30 ppm, H2S 0-3.6 ppm, and NOx is not detected. After evaluation, it showed that by adding 30% biomass, ignition time could be decreased and remaining unburned briquettes or bottom ash was reduced as much as 68.68%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The bio-coal briquettes is a strategic solution to environmental problems and alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly, because CO and H2S emissions are still below the threshold, even for NOx not detected. Making Bio-coal briquettes as a solution to the utilization of reject coal mining waste to be used as an alternative energy source has been successfully carried out