Marina Chimica Acta
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Pengaruh Penambahan Ion Mg2+ Terhadap Kandungan Lipid Fitoplankton Chlorella vulgaris Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biodiesel dengan Metode Ultrasonik
Full text linkAn investigation on the effect of Mg2+ on its lipid content from phytoplankton Chlorella vulgaris as a raw material for producing biodiesel by ultrasonic method has been carried out. The results showed that Mg2+ is good as a nutrient for phytoplankton. The optimum concentration was 0.4 ppm. Total of dry biomass was 32.7902 grams. Lipid was extracted by ultrasonic method using ethanol 95% as solvent. Biodiesels were syntesized in two steps namely esterification by methanol solvent and H2SO4 as catalyst, folowed by transesterification by using methanol solvent with KOH as a catalyst. Total of biodiesel made was 11.5727 grams and the yield was 35.29%. The result of biodiesel characterised in term of physical and chemical characteristics including: density, viscosity, free fatty acid, saponification value, and iodine value, respectively. Result of the analysis showed that biodiesel characteristics have fulfilled standard the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751), except value of density and Free Fatty Acid
Heavy Metal Concentrations of Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) Based on Particle Size and Sediment Depth Variation in Paotere Port Waters, Makassar
Full text linkAnalisis kandungan logam berat Cr dan Cu berbagai ukuran partikel sedimen di perairan Pelabuhan Poatere Makassar telah dilakukan. Sampel sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan pipa polietilen yang panjangnya 30 cm. Sampel diayak menggunakan ayakan mekanik ukuran 1000, 250 dan 63 µm. metode analisis yang digunakan adalah AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) yang diawali dengan penambahan HNO3 lalu didestruksi menggunakan microwave. Sebaran ukuran partikel sedimen permukaan pada perairan Pelabuhan Paotere yaitu untuk ukuran partikel 250 – 1000, 63 – 250 dan 63 µm berturut-turut adalah 36,04%; 29,51% dan 10,07%. Ukuran partikel sedimen berbanding terbalik dengan konsentrasi logam berat. Konsentrasi Cu dalam sedimen berukuran 63 µm adalah 141,55 mg/kg; 250 µm adalah 56,52 mg/kg dan 1000 µm adalah 51,50 mg/kg. Konsentrasi Cr dalam sedimen berukuran 63 µm adalah 36,68 mg/kg; 250 µm adalah 18,65 mg/kg dan 1000 µm adalah 8,78 mg/kg. Konsentrasi logam semakin kecil seiring dengan bertambahnya kedalaman sedimen. Konsentrasi Cu dalam sedimen kedalaman 0 - 10 cm adalah 93,46 mg/kg; 10 - 20 cm adalah 77,51 mg/kg dan 20 - 30 cm adalah 76,28 mg/kg. Konsentrasi Cr dalam sedimen kedalaman 0 - 10 cm adalah 22,04 mg/kg; 10 - 20 cm adalah 21,68 mg/kg dan 20 - 30 cm adalah 20,87 mg/kg
PengujianAktivitas Sitotoksik dan Penenentuan Spesies Bakteri Simbion Spons Haliclona sp
Full text linkAn investigation of cytotoxic activity from bacterial symbiont of sponge found in West Kalimantan upon shrimp larvae, with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test BSLT, was carried out. Sponge sample of haliclona sp was taken in 10-m depth from West Kalimantan waters. It was concluded that one type of bacteria that actively cytotoxic with LC50 in methanol extract was 55 ppm. Taxonomical examination and biochemical test showed that the identified bacteria is Serratia sp. More sponge species will be required for this kind of test in the future
Identifikasi komponen lipofilik fraksi n-heksan spons Agelas nakamurai asal Pulau Randayan Kalimantan Barat (Identification of lipophilic component of n-hexane fraction on Agelas nakamurai Sponge from Randayan Island, West Kalimantan)
Full text linkThe isolation of lipophilic component of CC_7 on n-hexane fraction of Agelas nakamurai sponge has been conducted. The isolates are liquid oil colorless in 5.1 mg from 53,7 g sample. The isolates were analyzed by GC-MS and FTIR. The results of the analysis isolate CC_7 by FTIR showed the typical vibration of stretching at 2956,87 (asym. –CH3), 2924,09 (asym. –CH2), 2854,65 (sym. -CH3), 1730,15 (C=O), 1662,64 (C=C), 1595,13 (C-C(O)), 1269,16 (C-O), 1186,22 (C-C(O)-O), 1111,00 (O-C-C), 1020,34 (C-O-C-C), 962,48 (=C-H), 678,94 and 657,73 (cis –HC=CH–), bending rocking (-CH2-) at 731,02, bending (-CH2) dan (-CH3) at 1460,11 dan 1373,32. The results of GC-MS analysis showed the lipophilic component such as methyl palmitate (tR 19,77; m/z = 270), ethyl palmitate (tR 21,07; m/z = 284), palmitic acid (tR 21,18; m/z = 256, ethyl oleate (tR 24,09; m/z 310), tributyl asonitate (tR 24,38; m/z = 342), tributyl citrate (tR 24,95), tributyl acetyl (tR 26,41; m/z = 402), dioctyl adipate (tR 28,11; m/z =m 370, and squalene (tR 30,30; m/z 410)
ANALISIS KADAR LOGAM NIKEL DALAM BAKTERI SIMBION PADA SPONS Xestospongia sp
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the levels of nickel in bacterial symbionts of sponge, inside and outside of bacteria. Bacteria coccus and bacillus were isolated and identified from the sponge Xestospongia sp. The results of analysis using ICP-OES (Inductively Couple Plasma-Optical Emisión Spectrometry) showed that nickel metal content of bacterial symbionts Xestospongia sp sponge in outer island Barrang Lompo were : the initial isolates of 0.7073 ppm and 0.1860 ppm at the end of the isolates while nickel assays for bacterial part in the initial isolates was 0.8763 ppm and 0.2262 ppm at the end of the isolates
A Preliminary Study of Bioactivity and Identification of Secondary Metabolite Functional Groups in Extracts of Agelas nakamurai Hoshino Sponge from Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia
Full text linkUji pendahuluan bioaktivitas dan identifikasi gugus fungsi metabolit sekunder ekstrak dalam metanol, n-heksan and metilen klorida dari spons Agelas nakamurai Hoshino, asal pulau Kapoposang, kepulauan Spermonde telah dilakukan. Juga test bioaktivitas dilakukan menggunakan Artemia salina (LC50) untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi letalnya. Hasilnya LC50 adalah 187.932 ppm yang menunjukkan potensi ekstrak sebagai obat anti kanker. Identifikasi komponen dengan reagensia spesifik seperti Lieberman- Burchard, Mayer, Wagner, Dragendorff dan Salkowski ditambah hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan kandungan komponen ekstrak seperti alkaloid, steroid and terpenoid. Karakteristik pita serapan alkaloid adalah for alkaloid adalah stretching NH at 3600 to 3400 cm-1 dan stretching pendukung C-N at 1250 to 1930 cm-1. Komponen spesifik untuk Agelas nakamurai adalah substitusi bromo dalam alkaloid yang ditandai oleh munculnya pita serapan C-Br medium pada 760 to 745 cm-1
Produksi Biodiesel dari Lipid Fitoplankton Nannochloropsis sp. Melalui Metode Ultrasonik
Full text linkA research on production of biodiesel from lipid of phytoplankton Nannochloropsis sp. through ultrasonic extraction method has been done. In this research, we carried out a series of phytoplankton culture to determine the optimum time of growth and biodiesel synthesis process from phytoplankton lipids. Process of biodiesel synthesis consists of two steps, i.e isolation of phytoplankton lipids and biodiesel synthesis from that lipids. Oil isolation process was carried out by ultrasonic extraction method using ethanol 96 % while biodiesel synthesis was carried out by transesterification reaction using methanol and KOH catalyst under sonication. Percentage rendement of weight per biomass Nannochloropsis sp. is 48,33 %. Characterization of biodiesel was carried out in terms of physical properties: density, viscosity, and chemical properties: FFA content, saponification value, and iodine value. The result showed that analysis characterization biodiesel phytoplankton Nannochloropsis sp. that biodiesel from that species phytoplankton generally fullfilled the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) standard, except density value was 0,8151 g.cm-3, viscosity value was 1,15 cSt, and FFA content was 0,5381 %, to be used as fuel
Bioactivity of Protein Fraction in Brown Algae, Turbinaria decurrens, as Antibacterial Agent Bioaktivitas Fraksi Protein dalam Alga Coklat, Turbinaria Decurrens, sebagai agen anti bakteri
Full text linkPenelitian ini bermaksud mengeksplorasi dan mengkarakterisasi fraksi protein dari alga cokelat Turbinaria decurrens di Sulawesi Selatan. Senyawa protein bioaktif diperoleh melalui serangkaian proses ekstraksi, fraksionasi dengan kejenuhan amonium sulfat 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, dan 60-80% yang dilanjutkan dengan proses dialisis lalu ditentukan kadar proteinnya dengan metode Lowry. Fraksi protein yang diperoleh diuji bioaktivitasnya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella thypi dengan metode difusi agar pada medium MHA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein tertinggi ditemukan pada fraksi 0-20% yaitu sebesar 5,1 mg/mL. Hasil uji bioaktivitas antibakteri terbesar ditemukan pada fraksi protein 0-20% terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella thypi dengan zona daerah hambatan masing-masing sebesar 18,33 mm dan 13,30 mm yang bersifat bakteriostatik. Hasil penelitian awal ini akan dikembangkan pada cakupan penelitian yang lebih luas untuk mengkloning protein bioaktifnya dan uji pre-klinis dari protein antibakteri yang diperoleh
DISTRIBUSI LOGAM ESSENSIAL Cu DALAM SPONGE (PORIFERA) DI KEPULAUAN SPERMONDE
Full text linkA research on essential metal distribution of copper in Spermonde waters has been carried out. Sponge species of Melophlus sarassinorum, Callyspongia aerizusa, dan Clathria reinwardtii were identified and analyzed accordingly. Copper level were measured using Inductrively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and the results showed that highest concentration was found in Clathria reinwartii 48.3 ppm. Copper distribution in sponge skeleton is higher than in its tissue and seemingly in terms of species the highest concentration is Clathria reinwartii taken from Barrang Lompo waters. In the meantime, Samalona waters contain highest concentration in its sedimen (3.96 ppm). Apparently Spermonde waters is beginning being interferred by metal pollution
The Use of callispongia sp from Halong waters (Ambon Bay) as Biomonitor for Trace Metals Pb,Cd,Cr and Zn
Full text linkThe aim of this investigation is to estimate metal concentration distribution, Pb,Cd, Cr, and Zn,in Callispongia sp, sediment and water column in Halong waters of Ambon bay. After sampling, analytical processes were carried out according to Warsidah (2001) and measure it by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy). The Results showed that callispongia sp, contain highest metal concentration compared to water and sediment that is 9.56 mg/kg dry weight (ppm) of Zn while sediment was of 0.5 ppm and in waters 0,750 ppm. It can be concluded that the role of spongest in absorbing trace metals must not be underestimated. In the future more research in this area need to be conducted so that an alternative local solution for trace metal pollution can be constructed