Jurnal Jaffray
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To Inherit or to Receive? נחל in the Book of Joshua Should be Read within the Context of Mosaic Covenant
No full textThe verb נחל has been translated interchangeably as “inherit” or “receive” in English translations. However, this paper suggests נחל, particularly in the Book of Joshua, should be interpreted as “receive” under the context of the Mosaic Covenant instead of “inherit” under the background of the Abrahamic Covenant. This is because the expression of נחל is closely associated with the Mosaic Covenant and the term is to convey the message that the Israelites are to keep their covenantal obligation as to continue to inhabit in the land. Surveys on the usage of נחל will be conducted to justify that this alternate interpretation of נחל as “receive” is plausible. This semantic understanding under the context of the Mosaic Covenant allows for a reanalysis of its meaning and its theological implications towards the expectation and obligation of the Israelite. Eventually, every generation of Israel should have acknowledged the language used was actually under such covenantal context and that the possession of the land was conditional which was founded on a mutual responsibility established by God.
“You will be like God” - the fall of man once and today
No full textReasons are given as to why the narrative of the fall of man in Genesis 3:1–24 refers to a real event. The fall of man presumably took place more than 600,000 years ago. Genesis 3:1–24 describes in a very vivid way how the devil seduces people to disobey God. A central point in the devil’s strategy is the promise “you will be like God”. Wanting to be like God is hubris. The best medicine against hubris is the virtue of humility. Just as in Genesis 3:1–24, also today the devil wants to seduce people to disobey God to enslave and destroy them. Time and again, the devil manages to seduce people into evil under the guise of good with his promise “you will be like God”. Concepts and behaviours that at first glance appear to be philanthropic and liberating can be very destructive. As examples of this, four thematic complexes are considered. In the first two issues (atomisation of society, propagation of gender ideology and homosexuality), people are increasingly uprooted and lose more and more of their identity. With abortion and euthanasia, people want to play God at the margins of life and relativise the clear imperative “you shall not murder” and replace it with their own criteria of good and evil. Transhumanism creates serious obstacles in the relationship with God
The Corpse in the Grave: A Theological-Ethical Study of the Ma’nene Tradition in the Torajan Context
No full textThe underlying concept behind this research is that the ma'nene or corpse preservation tradition is one of the ancestral legacies of the Toraja people who adhere to Aluk To Dolo or Torajan ancestral belief and is still practised by some Christian communities in North Toraja. The ma’nene, or corpse preservation tradition, has been the subject of debate and tension within the Christian faith. Some Christian Toraja people agree with it, while others disagree with its practice among Christians. Therefore, this research aims to examine the ma’nene or corpse preservation tradition from the perspective of the Christian faith to find common ground between the noble values of the ma'nene tradition and Christian theology regarding the deceased. The qualitative research aims to analyze and describe the phenomena of belief attitudes, social activities, events, perspectives, and thoughts of the Christian community in Baruppu’ and Rindingallo district regarding the ma’nene tradition. The results of this study affirm that the contemporary ma'nene tradition does not conflict with the Christian faith if the purpose of the ma’nene tradition is not intended to worship ancestors, communicate with them, and expect blessings from them but rather as an ethical act that respects the body as part being created in the image of God. It is also carried out based on the belief in eternal life and the resurrection of the body that will be experienced upon the coming of Christ
Parsing Nicodemus’s Words: A Biblical Grammatical Approach to Adult Spiritual Rebirth John 3:4
No full textThis research aims to uncover the profound significance and theological consequences of Nicodemus’ inquiry by employing Bible language analysis. This study employs a thorough biblical grammar methodology to examine Nicodemus’ utterance in John 3:4, explicitly focusing on the interrogative line “How can a person be born when he is old?” This study employs theological literature and biblical commentaries to analyze grammatical elements to elucidate Nicodemus’ inquiry’s context and theological importance. Linguistic research indicates that Nicodemus's focus was directed. Nicodemus' inquiry demonstrated genuine sincerity, although it appeared that there was a state of perplexity. The contextual perspective highlights that Nicodemus’ inquiry stemmed from his Pharisaic education, and his status caused him to overlook Him in his questioning initially. Researchers provide an alternative interpretation of Nicodemus' inquiry, suggesting that it may be sarcastic and convey a feeling of superiority. Other researchers argue that Nicodemus fervently articulated his request due to his weak understanding. The ability to accept and study different points of view with an open mind and without prejudice allows for the development of broader knowledge
Psychological and Biblico-Theological Exploration of Spirituality and Religiosity using Grounded Theory: Clergy’s Perspective
No full textSpirituality and religiosity are often used interchangeably in studies without a clear consensus on their meanings. This article argues that these terms represent distinct concepts and must be differentiated. Despite their significance, research on distinguishing them is limited. This study defines religiosity and spirituality through narratives from focused group discussions (FGD) of nine clergy-seminary master’s level students in Indonesia actively involved in ministry. They provided their perspectives on what the terms meant to them based on their ministry experiences. In order to explore the psychological and biblico-theological meanings, grounded theory procedures were used to code the resulting narratives, leading to a working definition of spirituality and religiosity in the context of Christian churches in Indonesia. In this setting, spirituality is more commonly understood and used than religiosity. Results suggest that spirituality has more to do with internal conditions arising from a relationship with God. However, the expression of this relationship is more influenced by religion
Covenant Violation as A Pathway For Interpreting The Gospel: An Engagement With Schilder and The Yoruba Thought
No full textThis paper discussed Schilder's position on the theology of covenant in engagement with the Yoruba thought, identifying their points of agreement and departure and establishing the fruitfulness of Schilder's thoughts on the theology of covenant among the Yorubas. Through library and field studies, it answered whether the levity accorded the Christian faith in the recent by the Yoruba people group is not unconnected to a shallow understanding of the implications of breaking the covenant relationship entailed in the Christian faith. And how the implications of covenant violation, as discussed by Klaas Schilder, can be fruitful for the Yoruba people's understanding of the covenant of grace
Urban Mission Strategy Through One-on-One Online Dialogue in Melbourne Australia
No full textThis paper reports the results of research on urban evangelism conducted online using a Zoom application with one-on-one techniques. The method is to conduct worldview talks with other religions in Melbourne, Australia. The dialogue refers to three key questions: (1) What is the worldview of your belief or religion? (2) Is there more to life than this? and (3) How does your belief or religion contribute to your life? The paper is presented in the form of descriptive reports. As a result, dialogue between religious people through a worldview approach in urban areas is effective as an effort to deepen the beliefs of others and introduce religious teachings embraced by other religions. The research contributes to the strategy of contemporary urban missions in the pandemic in the digital community. It provides new insights that evangelism can be done using technological devices in addition to the traditional way
The Euthanasia Debate and Its Implications on The Legalization of Euthanasia in Indonesia
No full textToday, an ethical issue that is controversial and much debated is the practice of euthanasia. The ethical debate on euthanasia is basically about competing moral visions and values. The research method used in this study is qualitative. Information is collected from publications such as books and journals. The advocates for the legalisation of euthanasia based their reasons on compassion and individual autonomy. They argue that euthanasia is right because it removes human suffering. Everyone has the right to determine how to die, concerning when and how. They believe that certain lives, such as people in a persistent vegetative state, are not just worth living. Those who oppose euthanasia say it is morally wrong to kill helpless people, even at their request. Christians who oppose euthanasia base their arguments on the sanctity of life. A person’s freedom to decide on euthanasia should follow a structure of healthy moral values. Another key consideration in the debate is the slippery slope argument. Currently, euthanasia is prohibited in Indonesia, as stated in Article 344 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. As more countries legalise euthanasia, the writer believes that the call for legalising euthanasia in Indonesia will be intensified. We need to be better informed because law, medicine, beliefs and reason intersect in the euthanasia debate. The writer will give an overall view of the contemporary euthanasia debate from a Christian perspective
Contribution of God’s Servants In Upholding Sound Doctrine in The Church Community Based on Titus 1:5 - 2:10
No full textIn the current reality of the development of faith and the church, there are challenges in the form of unhealthy teachings that can hinder the growth of true religion. That is why this research aims to analyze and reveal the concept of God’s servants based on Titus 1:5-2:10. Then, show and describe the steps to become a servant of God who contributes to the development of the church and society through sound teachings based on Titus 1:5-2:10. The results of this research are that four factors challenge the church in dealing with heresy. However, this challenge is paradoxical because, on the other hand, within this challenge, there are opportunities for the church, especially for community development. The four factors include, First, Religious Pluralism and Moral Relativism. It is essential to properly understand the moral values taught by the religious scriptures so that they can be the primary key to opening the way for evangelization missions. Second, the influence of media and technology. The presence of social media will become an increasingly important service object for maintaining connections among its people—third, heretical teachings. The church needs to act firmly to fight the practices of heretics who try to distort the truth to suit their wishes. Fourth, Materialism and Worldly Pleasures. No human wealth can buy life or health. Therefore, this “empty space” can provide an opportunity for God's servants, equipped with sound doctrine, to bring people to the needs of eternity rather than mortal
Coherence of the Metaphor of God's Armor in Ephesians 6:10-20 and Its Implications for the Theological Construction of Spiritual Warfare
No full textPaul in Ephesians 6:10-20 uses the metaphor of God's armour to explain the spiritual warfare believers face. Of course, the metaphors that Paul put forward are full of meaning based on the context of life at that time in which the life of the people in Ephesus and Asia Minor, in general, had a relationship with the worship of the gods. Using the grammatical-historical method, the writer found that the metaphor of the armour of God that Paul put forward in Ephesians 6:10-20 also has coherence (connectedness, unity) of meanings, ideas, and ideas between these metaphors. This coherence will contribute to efforts to build the theological construction of spiritual warfare and the life practices of believers to face spiritual warfare