Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
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Mikroenkapsulasi Oleoresin Bawang Putih Menggunakan Ekstruder Ulir Ganda
Full text linkGarlic (Allium sativum) oleoresin is susceptible to damage such as easily volatile and oxidized. It also has low solubility in water. Microencapsulation process is expected to overcome the disadvantages. The aim of this study was to obtain garlic oleoresin microcapsules through twin-screw extrusion process. The study was done by determining the suited carrier, i.e. β-cyclodextrin, dextrin, or maltodextrin, to be used in the microencapsulation of garlic oleoresin, and determining the optimum garlic oleoresin microencapsulation parameters based on response surface methodology (RSM) using the suited carrier. β-cyclodextrin was found to be the suitable carrier for the garlic oleoresin microencapsulation process using a twin-screw extruder. The usage of maltodextrin and dextrin was not possible due to the high viscosity of the mass observed which led to blockage. The modeling obtained through the RSM showed that the combination of the components (carrier, oleoresin, and water) was not ideal for optimum solubility and surface oil. However, the parameters and optimum formula obtained had good experiment repeatability. The optimum garlic powder obtained through the extrusion process showed low surface oil as much as 2.20% and solubility as much as 33.80%. The microencapsulated product exhibited better quality characteristics than commercial K brand spray-dried garlic powder. The extruded powder had nearly four-fold lower aroma intensity prior to dilution, and nearly three-fold higher aroma intensity when diluted in 60°C water
Sensory Mapping of UHT Milk with Single-Origin Chocolate
Full text linkLike coffee, the popularity of speciality chocolate flavour or single-origin chocolate is growing in the Indonesian market. At the same time, sensory characteristic of the chocolate flavors is becoming more important, affecting both the taste and marketing of food product with chocolate flavor. As such, this study aims to describe UHT milk with single-origin chocolate through a complete sensory attribute mapping. A focus group discussion (FGD) resulted 15 texture attributes, 11 need-state attributes, 15 music attributes, 17 emotion attributes, 11 flavor attributes, and additional 70 color attributes. The complete sensory mapping test was performed using the CATA method based on attributes obtained from the FGD and analyzed using XLSTAT. The resulting product descriptions are as follows: cocoa Flores products were associated with soft and light textures, a need to focus and provide energy, pleasant classical and pop music, relaxed and warm emotions, flavors of ice cream, and light green, purple and brown colors. Cocoa Bali was linked to a smooth but rather hard texture, a need for rest and exercise, a cheerful musical style, happy emotions, a biscuit flavor, and a pink-yellow color. Cocoa Aceh was correlated with smooth and soft textures, state-of-the-art rest, energetic music, relaxed and energetic emotions, creamy flavor, and blue color. Meanwhile, cocoa Java was attributed with a smooth but rather hard texture, a state-of-the-art mood booster, cheerful music, relaxed emotions, ice cream flavor, and red-brown color. Thus, understanding specific sensory characteristics enables the producer to improve the product\u27s development and marketing
Sintesis Nanoemulsi dari Ekstrak Kulit Manggis dengan Metode Energi Tinggi
Full text linkMangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) has become the main agricultural products contributing to the largest annual foreign exchange from the fruit category. Mangosteen rind contains xanthone compounds as a source of antioxidants, with α-mangostin and γ-mangostin, as the main components which are used as traditional and modern ingredients to treat various diseases. However, mangosteen rind extract has low bioavailability thus resulting in low effectiveness in the application. This study aimed to find the ideal formulation for producing the extract and nanoemulsion of mangosteen peel. The research carried out in two stages: extraction of mangosteen peel and production of nanoemulsion. Ethanol 70% was the best for mangosteen rind extraction, with a percentage yield of 40.96±0.51%, antioxidant activity of 5708.33±159.57 µg AEAC/mL sample, and total xanthones of 373.84±6.49 µg/mL sample. The use of Tween 20 at nanoemulsion production gave the best test results, with particle size of 10.58±1.25 nm, polydispersity index 0.27±0.03, zeta potential -2.34±0.46 mV, and total xanthones 35,28±0,04 µg/mL sample
Bioactive Peptides from Velvet Bean Tempe: Neutrase-Catalyzed Production in Membrane Reactor
Full text linkVelvet beans are potential sources of parent proteins for bioactive peptide production. In this study, a combination of fermentation and neutrase-catalyzed continuous hydrolysis in an enzymatic membrane reactor was performed to produce antioxidative and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) peptides. The optimum operating conditions were τ = 6 h and [E]/[S] = 7.5%. The resulting permeate, which was a<10-kDa fraction, exhibited antioxidant activity at 0.38 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC)/mL (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH inhibition) and 0.26 mg AEAC/mL (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP), and ACEi activity of 81.02%. Further fractionation of the permeate increased the ACEi activity in which 2-kDa fraction showed the most potent activity (IC50 = 0.23 µg protein/mL). The IC50 value of the outcome was comparable to those reported in the literature for velvet bean-based peptides. Furthermore, this study suggests that neutrase is a good catalyst candidate for the synthesis of bioactive peptides from velvet beans
Perubahan Nilai Gizi dan Alergenisitas Produk Olahan Intermediat Surimi dan Otak-Otak Ikan Tenggiri Siap Santap
Full text linkFish is one of the nine major food allergens. Avoiding consumption of fish is a common preventive measure to mitigate fish allergies. On the other hand, food processing may potentially alter the allergenicity of fish, and thus, it is important to identify the most effective fish processing methods that can reduce its allergenicity. This research aimed to characterize the nutritional value, intensity of allergens, and allergenicity from the processing of tenggiri fish processing to produce surimi as intermediate food and ready to eat (RTE) otak-otak. The processing steps consisted of washing and adding cryoprotectant during surimi processing, and using deep and air frying methods in RTE otak-otak processing. Changes in the nutritional value and intensity of allergens of fish meat and its processed products were measured using proximate analysis and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, respectively. The alterations in the allergenicity were investigated using immunoblotting and ELISA. The results revealed changes in the nutritional value due to the processing. Surimi production successfully removed a protein band of 10-–13 kDa, which is suspected to be an allergen. Additionally, both deep and air frying methods effectively removed allergenic proteins with molecular weights above 100 kDa. Immunoblotting assay showed the allergen only appeared in fish meat absent in all of the processed products. The allergenicity rates of surimi and otak-otak was reduced by 90.78 and 98.68%, respectively, as compared to the fish meat. In conclusion, the nutritional value of air-fried otak-otak is superior while the allergenicity is lower than the deep-fried ones. Therefore, air frying processing method for tenggiri fish can be potently used to produce hypoallergenic fish products
Kinetika Kristalisasi Campuran Minyak Sawit Bebas Asam Lemak Trans untuk Produksi Margarin
Full text linkNon-trans-fat (NTF) margarine was produced by substituting partially-hydrogenated palm oil in margarine oil blend with fully-hydrogenated palm oil. Three types of NTF oil blends were used in this study. To obtain an NTF oil blend with similar physical properties to the reference oil blend, which contain partially-hydrogenated oil, the melting properties and crystallization kinetics were evaluated. The iodine value of raw material oil was measured, and the oil was mixed to form the margarine oil blends. Fatty acid composition (FAC) and solid fat content (SFC) of the oil blends were examined. Melting properties of the oil blends were determined based on SFC analysis, while crystallization kinetics were determined using Avrami model. The results showed that there was no trans fatty acids detected in the NTF oil blends. The rate of crystallization constant (k) of the Avrami index of reference oil and NTF-1 oil blend were 0.1413 ± 0.0047 and 0.1369 ± 0.0016 min-n, respectively, whilst their Avrami exponent (n) were 0.93 ± 0.02 and 0.94 ± 0.01, respectively. There was no significant difference on these Avrami indexes, and therefore NTF-1 oil blend could be selected as an alternative oil blend for margarine production
Karakteristik Pengeringan Rempah Daun Menggunakan Fluidized Bed Drier dan Tray Drier
Full text linkBay leaves (Sygygium polyanthum), kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) and pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius) are herb leaves with unique aroma that are often added to dishes to strengthen and enrich the taste. The high demand of the leaves has prompted efforts to make them easy to distribute and shelf stable. Drying can increase the shelf life of these leaves with acceptable quality. The objectives of the research were to determine drying models for these leaves using two types of driers and to determine the panelist\u27s preference for the dried and rehydrated leaves. These herb leaves are fresh-picked from the tree, cleaned and dried using the two different driers, i.e. fluidized bed drier (temperature 40-42°C) and tray drier (temperature 58-61°C). The leaves were weighed every 15 minutes until they reached a constant weight. Fresh leaves and dry leaves were photographed. The drying kinetics of both types of driers were checked with the Lewis model and Page model. Panelist preference test was carried out on dry leaves and leaves that had been rehydrated using hot water. The results showed that drying with a tray drier was able to dry faster than that with a fluidized bed drier. The Page drying model is more suitable to describe the drying conditions than the Lewis drying model. Panelists preferred dry and rehydrated herb leaves obtained from fluidized bed drying
Sensitivitas Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction dengan Primer Tanabe dalam Mendeteksi Gelatin Babi pada Confectionery
Full text linkGelatin is commonly used as a gelling and thickening agent in confectionery products and is considered a critical material in terms of its halal status. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time PCR) is frequently employed as an analytical tool to detect traces of pork in food items. Although the real-time PCR method using the Tanabe primer and Internal Positive Control (IPC) has been validated effectively, its sensitivity or Limit of Detection (LOD) for confectionery products has yet to be determined. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of real-time PCR with Tanabe primers and IPC towards the confectionery products (gummy candy, marshmallow, and lozenges). Confirmation of this method on commercial marshmallow products known to contain porcine gelatin was also carried out. In this study, the LOD (% w/w) of porcine gelatin in bovine gelatin was initially determined. The findings revealed that the LOD (% w/w) was 0.01% with a cycle threshold (Ct) value of 39.20±1.72. The next step involved determining the LOD (% w/w) of porcine gelatin in various confectionery products such as lozenges, gummy candy, and marshmallows. The LOD (% w/w) for lozenges and gummy candy was found to be 0.1% with Ct values of 40.93±0.15 and 38.72±0.18, respectively. Marshmallows exhibited an LOD of 0.01% with a Ct value of 41.14±2.96. Finally, this method was applied to commercial confectionery products containing porcine gelatin, and the real-time PCR effectively detected porcine gelatin with high sensitivity
Effect of Maltodextrin Concentration on Anthocyanin Content and Antioxidant Activity of Rukem Fruits Extract Powder
Full text linkRukem (Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Mor.) is an Indonesian tropical fruit with purple peel indicating anthocyanin content; therefore, the fruit can be a potential source of natural colorant. However, anthocyanins are commonly unstable and reactive towards temperature, light, and oxygen. For this reason, encapsulation process is an attempt to improve its stability. The aim of this research was to determine the most efficient concentration of maltodextrin to coat the anthocyanins in rukem fruit, considering the total anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. The fruit was extracted with several concentrations of citric acid 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % (b/v), and the optimal concentration was used to extract anthocyanin. The extract was then mixed with maltodextrin at following concentrations: 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% (w/v). The mixture was homogenized, then spray-dried with spray dryer Lab Plant SD-05, Keison, UK. The dried samples were analyzed for chemical (moisture, ash, pH, anthocyanin, antioxidant activity) and color (L*, a*, b*) properties. The results showed that 5% citric acid and 40% maltodextrin (w/v) gave the most efficient yield of extraction, and the best effects on anthocyanins powder, resulting in the highest antioxidant activity (74.28± 0.41%), total anthocyanins (3.96±0.08 mg/100 g), encapsulation efficiency (19.26±0.41%) and color values of L* 87.46±0.07; a* 16.21±0.09, and b* -1.60±0.02