Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
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KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT PREBIOTIK TEPUNG DALUGA HASIL MODIFIKASI HEAT MOISTURE TREATMENT
Get PDFDaluga (Cyrtosperma merkusii. (Hassk.) Schott) is one of tubers originating from Siau Island, Manado, North Sulawesi. The resistant starch of daluga can be utilized as a potential source of prebiotic. However, naturally daluga has low resistant starch content and a modification is necessary for improving its content. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of heat moisture treatment (HMT) on the resistant starch content and prebiotic properties of modified daluga flour. The HMT modification was carried out at 121°C for 60 min in an autoclave, and the modified flour was then compared with the untreated native flour (TD). The results showed that autoclaved TD-HMT flour had 8.81% higher resistant starch content as compared to that of TD. The increment also affected the prebiotic characteristics of the modified flour. The TD-HMT showed resistant to gastric acid up to 92%, augmentations of prebiotic activity, index and effect, as well as L. plantarum BSL growth improvement up to 3 log CFU/mL. The gastric acid resistant autoclaved TD-HMT is able to stimulate probiotic LAB growth, confirming its prebiotic potential for acid bacteria fermentation
MIKROENKAPSULASI KONSENTRAT ASAM LEMAK TAK JENUH DARI MINYAK IKAN PATIN
Get PDFCatfish fillet processing industries produce several wastes, such us belly flap. This part has high fat content that can be a source of essential fatty acids. This research aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the unsaturated fatty acids obtained from pangasius fish encapsulated with maltodextrin and sodium caseinate at different combinations. To determine the best combination of maltodextrin and sodium caseinate with ratio 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30, parameters such as emulsion viscosity, product yield, microencapsulation efficiency, encapsulated oil yield, water solubility, morphology and whiteness were measured. Based on the results, maltodextrin and sodium caseinate ratio of 70/30 was the most optimal because it resulted in the highest values in terms of microencapsulation efficiency (63.08%) and oil micro-encapsulation yield (24.13%)
PEMURNIAN DAN KARAKTERISASI PEDIOSIN YANG DIPRODUKSI OLEH Pediococcus pentosaceus 2A2
Get PDFPediocin production by Pediococcus pentosaceus 2A2 was done in 30% molasses based medium at 37°C for 24 hours. The culture was then centrifuged to separate the cells and yield cell-free supernatant (CFS). Purification of the CFS was carried out by stepwise ammonium sulfate precipitation to achieve a 90% concentrate, followed by dialysis using membrane with a molecular weight cut off 2.0 kDa resulting in pediocin crude extract (PCE). The PCE was purified by cation exchange chromatography using SP Se-phadex C-25 and eluted with sodium acetat buffer at pH of 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; and 7.0 successively resulting in 4 fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4). Each purification step resulted in the increase in antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. The PCE had specific antimicrobial activity up to 5 fold higher than the CFS. F4 fraction, which showed the largest inhibition zone among the other fractions, had a very high specific activity up to 435 fold higher than the CFS. The SDS-PAGE analysis suggested that the molecular weight of F4 was approximately 5.9 kDa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of F4 to inhibit 1 log (90%) of L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 was 143 ppm. The inhibitory phenomenon observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that L. monocytogenes’s cells exposed to F4 experience morphological changes such as cells shrinkage
KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN MUTU PROTEIN TEPUNG BIJI KELOR TERFERMENTASI
Get PDFMoringa oleifera seed has the potential as a source of new food ingredients having high nutritional content, especially protein. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermentation toward biochemical composition and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of Moringa seed flour. Fermentation was carried out by soaking the seeds at room temperature (30±2°C) for 24 and 48 h, either naturally (without starter addition) and with starter addition (i.e. commercial starter containing lactic acid bacteria/LAB). Unfermented and fermented seeds were processed into flour and their proximate composition, antitrypsin, tannin and IVPD were analyzed. The statistical methods used were ANOVA and Duncan\u27s test at confi-dence level of 95%. The best treated flour was chosen using the De Garmo method and the amino acid profile was then analyzed. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acids (PDCAAS) were calculated to deter-mine the biological quality of proteins. The results showed that fermentation affected the changes in bio-chemical composition of the flour. Longer fermentation time could reduce the crude protein and antitrypsin content in both types of fermentation. On the other hand, there was an increase in tannin content during fermentation. The IVPD also increased by 75% at 48 h fermentation from the initial digestibility of raw seeds of 71%, thus increase in tannin content did not affect the IVPD. Natural fermentation of moringa seeds for 48-hour resulted in the best flour with IVPD and PDCAAS values of 75.33% and 0.18 (18.31%) respectively
PENGARUH BEBERAPA BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN SENSORI RENGGINANG SINGKONG (Manihot utilissima Pohl)
Get PDFCassava rengginang is a traditional food having similar shape to rice rengginang but is made from cassava. The objective of this research was to know the effects of raw material on the physical and senso-ry characteristics of cassava rengginang. This research was divided into two steps. The first step was raw material preparation i.e. grated cassava, cassava flour, and a mixture of tapioca and “asian” flour 3:1 (w:w). The second step was the production of the cassava rengginang from the three raw materials. The results showed that the raw material affected the physical characteristics of cassava rengginang. Renggi-nang made from grated cassava had the lowest expansion ratio and crispness, i.e. 142.94% and 474.12 gf respectively. Rengginang made from cassava flour had higher expansion ratio and crispness (191.39% and 343.81 gf respectively), the lowest lightness (L= 71.4) and the highest brownish color (a=5.18; b=27.49). Rengginang from a mixture of tapioca and “asian” flour (3:1) had the highest crispness (244.63 gf), expansion ratio (223.95%), lightness (L=79.62), and white color (a=0.63 and b= 16.3). The differences on the physical characteristics of rengginang did not affect the sensory acceptance of the product for all attributes. Fried rengginang made from a mixture of tapioca and “asian” flour was chosen for proximate analysis because it had the highest expansion ratio, crispness and lightness among the other formula although it was not significantly different at 95% level on panelist acceptance
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIHIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA IN VITRO DARI CAMPURAN EKSTRAK ANGKAK DAN BEKATUL
Get PDFRed yeast rice (RYR) and rice bran (RB) have been reported to have many biological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetes and antihypercholesterolemia. This research aimed to determine the best fraction of RYR extract as a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and the best ratio of the mixture of RYR and RB extract fraction as a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and an antioxidant using in vitro assays. RYR and RB were individually extracted using ethanol 95%, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation using n-hexane, dichloromethane, etyhl acetate, and water. The RYR extract fraction with the best HMG CoA reductase inhibition was then mixed with RB extract in various ratios for HMG CoA reductase inhibition test and antioxidant activity by FRAP method, as well as analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids content. The results showed that the strongest inhibitory effect to the HMG CoA reductase was found in the water fraction of RYR extract (37.37%). The mixture of RYR and RB water extract fractions with a ratio of RYR:RB 1:3 had the strongest inhibition (51.85%) as compared to other ratios, followed by a ratio of 2:2 (51.03%) and 3:1 (42.36%). The best antioxidant activity was found in the RYR:RB ratio of 1:3 (24.76 mg TE/g). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the RYR:RB ratio of 2:2 (11.17 mg GAE/g) and the RYR:RB ratio of 3:1 (7.44 mg QE/g). Overall, the addition of RB extract into the RYR extract was able to provide a significantly better HMG CoA reductase inhibitory effects and antioxidant acti-vity than RYR extract alone
AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBATAN EKSTRAK BERBAGAI JENIS BAWANG TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BLACKSPOT PADA UDANG VANAME
Get PDFBlackening is a problem occurring in crustaceans, such as whiteleg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei), during post-mortem storage. Although blackspot seems to be harmless to consumers, it decreases the product’s market value, consumer’s acceptance and causes a considerable financial loss. The objective of the study was to determine the best Allium extracts from five Allium types with the ability to inhibit blackspot and apply the extracts on whiteleg shrimp. The five types of Allium were red onion (Allium cepa L. var Aggregatum), garlic (Allium sativum), yellow onion (Allium cepa Linneaus), leek (Allium fistulosum) and chives (Allium schoenoprasum L). Extraction of Allium was conducted using 80% methanol as the solvent. The dry extracts were tested in vitro using a commercial polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme and a melanosis test was conducted on whiteleg shrimp treated with the extracts and stored at 0°C for 10 days. The results showed that the highest inhibition of blackspot formation was obtained by red onion extract at 69.79±1.91% and the lowest was by garlic extract at 14.06±1.41%. The shrimps dipped in red onion extract had the lowest melanosis values and browning index values at 5.1±0.8 and 16.76±0.94, respectively. Red onion extract had the best ability to inhibit blackspot and has the potential to be used in shrimp
OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN TEPUNG LABU KUNING MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN
Get PDFYellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moscata) is a popular plant in Indonesia, but its utilization is limited. It has been reported that the antioxidant activity of yellow pumpkin increased by increasing the drying temperature and immersing the pumpkin in bisulfite solution during processing. The aim of this study was to optimize the processing conditions for the manufacturing of pumpkin flour using Response Surface Mothodology (RSM) to enhance its antioxidant activities. The optimization process was done using Box-Behnken construction. The factorial treatments consisted of immersion in metabisulfite solution, drying temperature, and drying time. The results showed that the scavenging activity as measured by DPPH and ABTS corresponded well to the independent variables based on the multiple regression analysis particularly the multivariate quadratic regression (MQR). Based on the MQR, the determination coefficients (R2) of DPPH and ABTS were 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Based on that model, the optimum conditions of pumpkin flour manufacturing were 23.05 min immersion in metabisulfite solution, drying temperature of 85°C , and 11.40 h of drying time. This optimum condition was predicted to yield pumpkin flour having DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities of 90.12% and 94.38%, respectively. Based on the validation data, the optimum condition resulted in flour with antioxidant activities of 80.23 (DPPH) and 86.67% (ABTS), respectively. The quadratic models developed were powerful in predicting the actual values of antioxidant activity of DPPH and ABTS. The accuracy of the models in predicting the antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS were 89.02 and 91.83%, respectivel
JENIS DAN KANDUNGAN ANTOSIANIN BUAH TOMI–TOMI
Get PDFBatoko plum fruit (Flacourtia inermis, Roxb) is one of the plants that contains anthocyanins. The fruit has purplish red color and was thought to benefit health by reducing blood sugar levels, as anti-hyperten-sion agents or antioxidants. The aim of this research was to determine the total anthocyanin content and identify the type of anthocyanidin and anthocyanin of batoko plum fruit. The total anthocyanin content of batoko plum fruit which determined by differential pH method was 26.56±0.28 mg/100 g (w.b.) or 103.89±1.08 mg/100 g (d.b.). Based on the Rf value on TLC and the peak retention time in HPLC, it was confirmed that the anthocyanin was delfinidine. However, the wavelength maximum absorbance data of the TLC spot showed the presence of cyanidine. These results were possibly caused by the use of too diluted extracts or the degradation of the anthocyanin during acid hydrolysis. Based on the Rf value on TLC and glucosidation pattern in UV-VIS spectrophotometer, it is suspected that cyanidine 3-glucoside and delfinidine 3-glucoside were present
ISOLASI LISOZIM ALBUMIN TELUR AYAM RAS DENGAN METODE KROMATOGRAFI PENUKAR ION
Get PDFLysozyme is one of the proteins found in hen egg albumin. Besides known as antimicrobial agents, lysozyme hydrolysis products can also function as antioxidants and as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The lysozyme is also known to have lysine and arginine that can give a sweet taste. The research aimed to isolate lysozyme from commercial laying hen eggs. The isolation and purification of the eggs lysozyme was done by preparative and analytical separation technique using cation exchange resins. The preparative separation was carried out by centrifugation of a large sample size of 205 g by centrifuga-tion, while the analytical separation only used only 3.16 g sample with a column measuring 13 cm in length and 3 cm in diameter. The number of samples isolated by preparative separation is greater than that with analytical method. The preparative separation was conducted in order to obtain the pure isolated lysozyme in higher quantity for further testing purposes. The purity of the isolated lysozyme from preparative separa-tion was 68.62% and the purity of isolated lysozyme from analytical separation was 63.03%.