Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
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KARAKTERISASI KEJU DANGKE MENGGUNAKAN ENZIM PAPAIN KOMERSIAL DAN PERUBAHAN FISIK SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Get PDFDangke is one of the traditional cheeses made from buffalo milk or cow\u27s milk from Enrekang, South Sulawesi,. This research aimed to obtain dangke cheese through a process using commercial papain as the curdling agent and to determine the best products based on the analysis of physical properties of the raw materials and the dangke. The dangke making was conducted using several concentrations of the commercial papain (0.2-5%). Based on the texture, yield and non-bitter taste intensity, the best dangke was obtained using 1, 3, and 5% commercial papain. Dangke made using 1, 3, and 5% commercial papain resulted in yields of 18, 17, and 18%, respectively with compact texture and non-bitter taste. At room temperature storage (±30°C), the dangke had shelf life of less than 24 hours, while at low temperature storage (±4°C), dangke could last for four days
THE EFFECTS OF ADSORBENT MATERIALS ON THE LIPID QUALITY OF LEMURU FISH OIL AND THE ENRICHMENT OF OMEGA-3 USING LIPASE
Get PDFSardinella (lemuru) is a genus of fish that is widespread in the East Java Sea region, especially in Muncar, Banyuwangi in East Java Province, Indonesia. Marine fishes are rich in essential fatty acids, including omega-3. This study aims to improve the quality of lemuru fish oil through the use of adsorbent materials such as bentonite and activated carbon. The sample was analyzed to determine its free fatty acid (FFA) content and peroxide value (PV) using the titrimetric method. The clarity of the oil was determined using the spectrophotometric method (λ 440 nm). The omega 3 content from the fish oil sample was then enriched through enzymatic reactions using lipase. Enzymatic reactions were carried out for 5, 10, 15, 20, 35, and 47 hours with a lipase concentration of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 units respectively. The omega-3 content of the fish oil products was analyzed using the GC-FID method. The results show that the addition of 3% activated carbon and bentonite in the fish oil reduced the FFA and PV results. Moreover, the absorbance value at λ 440 nm was also reduced from 0.883 to 0.559. The highest content of omega-3 was obtained through hydrolysis with lipase at a concentration of 1000 units for 35 hours with alpha-methyl linolenate (ALA), methyl all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentanoate (EPA) and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosa-hexaenoic acid methyl ester (DHA) at 0.78, 1.06, and 0.29% respectively
FORMULASI MEDIA ALTERNATIF DARI KULIT SINGKONG, PISANG, DAN WHEY UNTUK Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Get PDFDe Man Rogose and Sharpe (MRS) growth medium is a specific growth medium for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) but has a relatively expensive price. This can be overcome by making alternative media from waste materials. This study used Lactobacilus bulgaricus to represent LAB analyzed for growth. The research aims to formulate alternative media from the waste of cassava peels, banana peels, and tofu whey; determine the best formulation based on the growth parameters of L. bulgaricus; apply the L. bulgaricus in soygurt making and analyze the quality of the resulting yogurt. The results showed the composition of cassava peel: banana peel (75:25 w/w) with the addition of urea 1.5% as the best formu-lation. This formula yields a total LAB of 8.6x106 CFU/mL. The total LAB in the alternative medium was higher than that in MRS control at 1.7x106 CFU/mL. Soygurt produced from LAB as a result of growth from the best media [cassava peel+banana peel (75:25) with the addition of 1.5% urea] resulted in a fat content of 0.9%, total titrated acid 0.6%, protein 8.1 %, pH 4.7, viscosity 14.2 dPas, total dissolved solids 9.7°Brix, brightness (L) 64.3, and yellow-blue (b +) 10.1. These fat content, total titrated acid, and protein are in accordance with SNI for yogurt 2981: 2009
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN SENSORI KOMBUCHA CASCARA (KULIT KOPI RANUM)
Get PDFKombucha is usually made from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) extracts added with sugar which is fermented with kombucha starter symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) containing. Acetobacter xylinum and yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to tea leaves, leather dried coffee (cascara) can be harnessed into beverages like tea steeping. This research aims to ferment cascara tea by SCOBY and characterize the cascara kombucha. These research use two factors i.e. cascara concentrations (1 and 2% b/v) and fermentation periods (4, 8, 12, and 16 days). Sugar was dissolved into water and boilled, added with the cascara while stirring for about 5 minutes, filtered and cooled to 40°C, and then fermented in glass jars with faucets indoor without exposure to direct sunlight for 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. The results showed that concentration of cascara and fermentation time affected the characteristics of cascara kombucha. The effectiveness tests showed that cascara kombucha made from 1% b/v cascara fermented for 8 days resulted in the best and most preferred kombucha. The kombucha characteristics include dissolved solid content of 11.25°Brix, specific gravity of 1.01 g/mL, viscosity of 0.9 cP, brightness (L) 42.0, reddish color (a) 15.1, yellowish color (b) 28.88, pH 3.43, total acid of 0.29, phenolic of 9.9 mg GAE/mL. The kombucha flavor was slightly acidic, murky in color, with slight bitter taste
INKORPORASI OLEAT DAN EKSTRAK ANTOSIANIN PADA FILM GELATIN SEBAGAI INDIKATOR pH UNTUK KEMASAN PINTAR
Get PDFThis study was aimed to develop and investigate the characteristics of the intelligent films made from gelatin with oleic acid (OA) and anthocyanin extract incorporation. Anthocyanin was extracted from red cabbage (RC), sweet potato (SP), black bean coat seed (BB), and purple rice (CR), and then tested for pH sensitivity. Anthocyanin from SP was selected as it showed the highest pH sensitivity. Gelatin film was incorporated with 20% of anthocyanin extract and 50% OA. The films with OA and anthocyanin extracts incorporation was selected for application as the color changes can be observed clearly at pH 2-11. Red color was present on the film added with anthocyanin extract from SP. OA incorporation significantly decreased the elongation of the film, while it was on the contrary for anthocyanin extract incorporation. Both OA and anthocyanin extracts incorporation decreased thickness, moisture content, and tensile strength of the film significantly (P<0.05). Additionally, there was a reduction trend of water vapor permeability for gelatin film incorporated with OA and anthocyanin. However, this reduction was insignificantly different with the control (P>0.05). The incorporation of OA provided wavier surfaces while anthocyanin extract incorporation enhanced the compactness and smoothness of the films, and provided smoother surfaces of the film. A higher enthalpy was needed for melting the film with anthocyanin extract.
 
KARAKTERISTIK KARAGENAN SEMI-MURNI DARI RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus striatum DAN Kappaphycus alvarezii
Get PDFKappaphycus striatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii are kappa carrageenan-producing seaweeds. K. striatum is also a source of iota carrageenan. The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of extraction time and alkali concentration on the characteristics of semi refined carrageenan (SRC) produced from seaweeds K. striatum and K. alvarezii. The SRC was extracted prepared by cooking dried seaweed samples in KOH solution (ratio seaweed:KOH solution= 1:40) with KOH concentrations of 6, 8 and 10% for 60 and 120 minutes at 70°C. The results showed that the best SRC characteristics produced from K. striatum seaweed were obtained from the extraction process at 6% KOH for 60 minutes which yielded 46.05±0.16%, carrageenan with gel strength of 362,07±21,44 g/cm2 and viscosity at 70°C 74 cP. Meanwhile the best characteristics of SRC produced from K. alvarezii seaweed were obtained from extraction in 10% KOH for 60 minutes having the highest yield of 39,03±0.95%, gel strength 1130.67± 16.34 g/cm2 and viscosity at 70°C of 59 cP. FTIR analysis showed that the functional groups which are kappa carrageenan and iota carrageenan characteristics were found in both samples at wave numbers of 846.97-847.09 and 800.53-801.29 cm-1, respectively
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN PROFIL SENSORI MANGGA GEDONG PADA DUA TINGKAT KEMATANGAN
Get PDFMangoes of Gedong variety (Mangifera indica L. var. gedong) is one of the exported commodities from Indonesia. Half mature mangoes of this type are called gedong mangoes, whereas the full ripe mangoes are called gedong gincu mango. This research aimed to determine the physicochemical charac-teristics, sensory attributes and volatile compounds of the above two mango types. The results showed that gedong mangoes had a lower pH value, less total soluble solid, harder texture, and the skin color had a lower intensity of lightness, redness, and yellowness as compared to gedong gincu mango. The sensory analysis using rate-all-that-apply (RATA) method showed that attributes of color, fibrous, aroma (fruity, caramel, cooked, green, fermented, floral, sweet), taste (sweet, sour), melting, firmness, juiciness and astringency were significantly different between gedong and gedong gincu mango. The overall sensory of gedong gincu mangoes was more preferred by the panelists with the hedonic score of 6.20±0.09 (6= like) while that of gedong mango was 5.37±0.09 (5= slightly like). The sensory profiles of both mangoes were supported by the analysis of their volatile compounds. The gedong mango had predominantly green type of volatiles aroma while the gedong gincu was dominated by the fruity sweet ones. The sensory acceptability of gedong gincu mango was significantly higher rather than that of gedong mango
SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA DAN SENSORIS BERAS ANALOG JAGUNG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KEDELAI
Get PDFRice analogs are rice-like products processed from various non-rice carbohydrate sources, such as corn flour. A high-protein rice analog can be produced with the addition of soybean into the formula of corn-based rice analog. This research aimed to evaluate a high-protein rice analogs made with the addition of soybeans (Grobogan or Detam-1 variety) in terms of their chemical composition, water holding capacity, texture and sensory qualities. The rice analogs were produced from corn flour, soybean flour, sagoo starch, glycerol monostearate (GMS) and water using hot-extrusion methods. The percentage of Grobogan or Detam-1 soybean flour added varied, i.e. 10, 15, 20, and 25%. The addition of soybean flour of Grobogan variety increased the protein content of the rice analog. A high-protein rice analog can be obtained by adding 20% Grobogan soybean flour or 15% Detam-1 soybean flour. The fat and dietary fiber content of rice analog also increased, while the carbohydrate content decreased. The hardness and cohesiveness of the rice analog decreased as the amount of soybean flour addition increased. However, panelists did not detect any changes up to 25% of soybean flour addition. The water holding capacity of the rice analog also decreased as the amount of soybean flour increased. The panelists detected the changes in water holding capacity starting from 20% soybean flour addition
THE POTENTIAL OF MATURE PANDAN LEAVES AS A SOURCE OF CHLOROPHYLL FOR NATURAL FOOD COLORANTS
Get PDFPlant leaves are the primary source of natural colorants for food, mainly due to their chlorophyll content. However, the plant types and the degree of leaf maturity determine the quality and quantity of the chlorophyll. This study aimed to determine the best maturity level of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaves that serves as potential source of chlorophyll for natural food colorants. Eighty three pandan plants obtained from six different farming locations in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia were used as samples. The leaves were grouped into four levels of maturity using descriptive statistics based on their morphology, anatomy, color, and chlorophyll contents. The results showed that the average number of leaves ranged from 20-24 leaves per plant (at 95% confidence interval), and 96.4% of the plant had a maximum of 24 leaves. The leaf maturity was grouped into (1) young, (2) medium, (3) mature, and (4) over mature, corresponding to leaf number 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, and 19-24, respectively. The higher the leaf maturity, the higher the chlorophyll content. However, the over mature leaves were only slightly different from the mature ones. In addition, pandan leaves have specific flavor and contain carotenoid, phenolic, and flavonoid substances. Anatomically, the mesophyll’s size was greatest in the mature leaves, while the size of chloroplast was not significantly different from medium to over mature leaves. Based on the chlorophyll content and mesophyll size, it was concluded that mature pandan leaves were the best source of chlorophyll, containing chlorophyll of 623.08 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)
PROFIL GELATINISASI DAN KOMPONEN ANTIOKSIDAN TEPUNG KETAN HITAM TERMODIFIKASI DENGAN ANNEALING
Get PDFThis research aims to study and characterize the effect of the annealing conditions (temperature and heating duration) on the gelatinization profile and antioxidant components of annealing-modified black glutinous rice flour (ABGRF). This experiment used a 2x3 factorial design consisted of temperature factor (54 and 58°C) and heating duration factor (4, 5, and 6 hours) with 2 replications. Research results showed that both factors and their interactions significantly affected all parameters of the gelatinization profile and antioxidant component of ABGRF (except through viscosity). Compared to its native, ABGRF showed an increase in peak viscosity, through viscosity (except treatment 54°C:5 hours), peak time and pasting tem-perature, indicated ABGRF resistance improvement to the heating process. Generally, the temperature treatment increment increased breakdown, setback, and final viscosity, but the heating duration increment decreased those values. The variation of ABGRF gelatinization profiles increased the diversification potential of BGRF-based food products. Annealing caused an overall decrease in ABGRF antioxidant ability. ABGRF produced by 54°C:4 hours treatment had the highest amount of antioxidant components (total anthocyanins contents 103.78±2.24 mg C3GE/100 g, total phenolic compounds 241.65±1.98 mg GAE/100 g, DPPH 267.14± 3.23 mg AAE/100 g, FRAP 473.94±1.43 mg AAE/100 g), thus using it as ingredients in functional food is more recommended, especially as composite flour for bread and cake