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Detection of adenovirus, papillomavirus and parvovirus in Brazilianbats of the species Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium
No full textAbstractBats play a significant role in maintaining their ecosystems through pollination, dispersal of seeds, and control of insectpopulations, but they are also known to host many microorganisms and have been described as natural reservoirs for viruseswith zoonotic potential. The diversity of viruses in these animals remains largely unknown, however, because studies arelimited by species, location, virus target, or sample type. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect fragments of viralgenomes in bat samples. We performed high-throughput sequencing analysis and specific PCR and RT-PCR on pools of analand oropharyngeal swabs from Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium collected in southern Brazil. As a result, a member ofthe family Adenoviridae related to human adenovirus C was detected in anal swabs from S. lilium. In addition, we detected apapillomavirus in an anal swab from A. lituratus. Our analyses also allowed the detection of adenoviruses and parvovirusesin oropharyngeal swabs collected from A. lituratus. These results increase our knowledge about viral diversity and illustratethe importance of conducting virus surveillance in bats
Invasion of a murine in vitro blood?brain barrier co?culture modelby dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4
No full textAbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical barrier that restricts the passage of cells and molecules as well as pathogensinto the central nervous system (CNS). Some viruses enter the CNS by disrupting the BBB, while others can reach the CNSwithout altering the integrity of the BBB. Even though dengue virus (DENV) is not a distinctive neurotropic virus, the virusis considered to be one of the leading causes of neurological manifestations. In this study, we found that DENV is able tocompromise the integrity of a murine in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, resulting in hyperpermeability, as shown bya significant increase in sucrose and albumin permeability. Infection of brain endothelial cells (ECs) was facilitated by thepresence of glycans, in particular, mannose and N-acetyl glucosamine residues, on cell surfaces and viral envelope proteins,and the requirement for glycan moieties for cell infection was serotype-specific. Direct viral disruption of brain ECs wasobserved, leading to a significant decrease in tight-junction protein expression and peripheral localization, which contributedto the changes in BBB permeability. In conclusion, the hyperpermeability and breaching mechanism of BBB by DENV areprimarily due to direct consequences of viral infection of ECs, as shown in this in vitro study
Exploring the differences in early-stage start-up valuation across countries: an institutional perspective
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Prognostics of multiple failure modes in rotating machinery using a pattern-based classi?er and cumulative incidence functions
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Stakeholder Value Creation: Legitimating Business Sustainability
No full textThe purpose of this chapter is to examine how business sustainability is consideredand legitimated in stakeholder value creation studies. Based on a review ofstakeholder value creation literature, a stakeholder value creation typology ispresented. The typology consists of four categories, which are (1) focal firmorientation with economic value perspective, (2) stakeholder orientation witheconomic value perspective, (3) focal firm orientation with multiple valueperspective, and (4) stakeholder orientation with multiple value perspective.Each category tells a somewhat different story of what the purpose of businessis, who are the important stakeholders, what role does sustainability play inbusiness, and how business sustainability is legitimated. A closer analysis revealsthat the category of stakeholder orientation with a multiple value perspectiveshows the most potential to build the legitimacy of business sustainability on the profound meaning of sustainability with economic, social, and environmentaldimensions. In this category, business sustainability is legitimized in terms ofcooperative stakeholder relationships, continual negotiations, and collectiveefforts, where versatile value is created for various stakeholders, including valuesrelated to sustainability. The recommendations for future research draw attentionto versatile and broad understanding of value, stakeholders, and value creationand dynamic, systemic, and multilevel stakeholder relationships and collaborationas subjects to understand the legitimation of business sustainabilit