14043 research outputs found
Sort by
Retrospektive Auswertung zum Auftreten von Stenosen der Hepatikojejunostomie bei Patienten mit T-Drainagen- Einlage im Rahmen pankreaschirurgischer Eingriffe
No full text Nach einer Pankreasresektion stellt die Stenose der HJ eine Langzeitkomplikation dar. Die Pathogenese ist multifaktoriell. Beim schmalkalibrigen Gallengang wird die Einlage einer T-Drainage empfohlen. In der hepatobiliären Chirurgie ist diese Praxis umstritten und wird mit der narbigen Obliteration der HJ assoziiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ob die T-Drainage-Anlage mit einem erhöhten Auftreten einer HJ-Stenose assoziiert ist.
In einer retrospektiven Analyse wurden Patienten mit T-Drainage mit denen ohne T- Drainage verglichen.
Die Inzidenz von HJ-Stenosen war nicht signifikant unterschiedlich. Patienten mit schmalem Gallengang zeigten eine höhere Rate an HJ-Stenosen.
In dieser monozentrischen Kohortenanalyse konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen der T-Drainage und dem Auftreten von HJ-Stenosen nicht bestätigt werden
/Triatomine tnteractions
No full textThis review summarizes the interactions between , the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, and its vectors, the triatomines, and highlights open questions. Four important facts should be emphasized at the outset: (1) The development of strains and their interactions with the mammalian host and the insect vector vary greatly. (2) Only about 10 of over 150 triatomine species have been studied for their interactions with the protozoan parasite. (3) The use of laboratory strains of triatomines makes generalizations difficult, as maintenance conditions influence the interactions. (4) The intestinal microbiota is involved in the interactions, but the mutualistic symbionts, Actinomycetales, have so far only been identified in four species of triatomines. The effects of the vector on are reflected in a different colonization ability of in different triatomine species. In addition, the conditions in the intestine lead to strong multiplication in the posterior midgut and rectum, with infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes developing almost exclusively in the latter. Starvation and feeding of the vector induce the development of certain stages of . The negative effects of on the triatomines depend on the strain and are particularly evident when the triatomines are stressed. The intestinal immunity of the triatomines responds to ingested blood-stage trypomastigotes of some strains and affects many intestinal bacteria, but not all and not the mutualistic symbionts. The specific interaction between and the bacteria is evident after the knockdown of antimicrobial peptides: the number of non-symbiotic bacteria increases and the number of decreases. In long-term infections, the suppression of intestinal immunity is indicated by the growth of specific microbiota
Feeding the feelings: gender differences in emotional eating during COVID-19
No full text The COVID-19 pandemic intensified mental health issues and increased emotional eating (EE), a coping mechanism, where food is consumed in response to emotions rather than hunger. During the pandemic, gender-specific EE patterns were observed, with women reporting elevated EE levels in response to stress, anxiety, and depression due to various social and psychological factors.
This study primarily focused on examining gender differences in EE during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a secondary outcome, it aimed to explore predictors of EE.
This systematic review was pre-registered (PROSPERO CRD42023421727) and adhered to PRESS and PRISMA guidelines. Studies published between March 2020 and August 2024 were identified across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The quality assessment was performed using the "Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies". The meta-analysis was conducted following MOOSE guidelines.
Of 14,347 studies identified, 30 met inclusion criteria (only if population 18 years, without clinical diagnoses, gender-specific analysis regarding EE, observational studies with original data collection during COVID-19 pandemic), with 16 incorporated into the meta-analysis. Gender significantly moderated pandemic-related stress. Higher EE scores in women were linked to isolation and caregiving responsibilities, while men’s EE often appeared as reward-seeking. Across diverse measures and regions, women consistently exhibited higher EE scores (Cohen’s = 0.39). Young adults and students showed a stronger association with EE, suggesting heightened vulnerability. Key predictors included increased food intake, COVID-19-related stress and lifestyle changes, sleep quality, and physical activity.
The predominance of cross-sectional designs limits the ability to draw causal conclusions, and selection bias in studies, often targeting specific groups, restricts generalizability. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess causality and explore the inferences to additional factors, such as socioeconomic status and mental health. Gender-sensitive interventions are suggested to address EE risks, particularly in women
High place phenomenon, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and suicidality
No full text The high place phenomenon (HPP), referring to a sudden urge to jump when standing in a high place, occurs frequently in both suicidal and non-suicidal individuals. Despite apparent similarities, researchers have not yet examined potential associations with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, nor has the phenomenon been explored in a non-Western society.
The study comprises two samples of Iranian adults: An online sample including = 257 participants (54% male; =37.03, = 11.51) and a sample of mobility impaired participants including = 233 participants (56.2% male; =37.84, = 9.75, range: 18–68 years). All participants filled out questionnaires on experiences with the high place phenomenon, depression, suicidal ideation/behavior, anxiety sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Between 39% and 62% of participants reported being familiar with the HPP. In both samples, obsessive-compulsive symptoms showed a significant association with the severity of the phenomenon, even after accounting for depression, suicidal ideation/behavior, and anxiety sensitivity. The presence of the HPP was only associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in one of the two samples.
Findings point to the cross-cultural nature of the HPP. Furthermore, the association between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the HPP speaks to a conceptualization of the HPP as being part of the phenomenological field of (subsyndromal) OCD symptoms
How can the left atrial strain be correctly determined by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking?
No full text Left atrial (LA) strain marks a highly valuable clinical parameter for discrimination of various cardiovascular diseases as consolidated by a plethora of literature. However LA strain assessment by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) is conventionally based on 2-chamber (2Ch) and 4-chamber (4Ch) cine acquisitions, which are aligned for left ventricular (LV) imaging. These slice positions are hypothesized inadequate for identifying the longest LA dimensions required for accurate LA strain quantification.
LA strain was assessed in 21 patients (48.3 15.2 years, 10 females) with various cardiovascular diseases by CMR-FT. Two different planning procedures were compared: (1) the standard planning procedure using the cine steady-state free-precession (SSFP) 2Ch and 4Ch views aligned to the LV and (2) the optimized planning procedure based on cine SSFP 2Ch and 4Ch views, however, aligned to the LA. Strain analysis was performed using CVI42® software. Paired Student's -test or Wilcoxon test and Bland Altman statistics were used to evaluate differences between both planning procedures.
Indexed maximum, minimum LA volumes and LA volumes before atrial contraction were significantly elevated for optimized planning compared to standard planning ( < 0.001). In contrast, global longitudinal reservoir, conduit and booster LA strain and consecutively strain rates were found reduced for the optimized planning procedure compared to the standard planning procedure ( < 0.007). The total and passive LA ejection fractions remained unchanged, whereas the booster LA ejection fractions was significantly lower for the optimized planning procedure ( = 0.034).
Optimized LA planning procedure for assessment of the longest LA dimensions results in significant alterations in CMR quantifications with increased chamber volumetrics and decreased strain and strain rates compared to standard procedure
Experimental study of the effectiveness of strengthening reinforced concrete slabs with thermally prestressed reinforcement
No full textConventional strengthening measures for existing structures are usually not effective for the self-weight, which accounts for around 70% of the total load in reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, their effect on the overall load-bearing capacity is low. A self-weight-effective alternative for flexural strengthening is the thermal prestressing of additional reinforcement installed on the structure. In this method, reinforcing bars are slotted into the tensile zone, embedded in filler material, and tempered from the outside. They are thermally stretched, and once cooling starts, the bond with the hardened filler prevents re-deformation. The induced prestressing force counteracts dead loads and relieves the tensile zone, making the additional bars effective for the self-weight. In this paper, the effectiveness of the strengthening method is experimentally investigated in the serviceability and the ultimate limit states. Experiments involve strengthening a reinforced concrete beam under load by a thermally prestressed additional bar. Moreover, two reference tests are made to evaluate the method. An unstrengthened beam characterizes the lower capacity limit. Another beam with the same reinforcement amount as the strengthened one, but completely installed at casting, serves as the upper benchmark. All beams are loaded until bending failure. The strengthening method is assessed by means of the load-bearing behavior, deflection, crack development, and the strains in the initial as well as the added reinforcement. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the strengthening method. The thermally prestressed bar achieves an effective pre-strain of approximately. 0.4‰ by heating at about 70 °C. The induced prestressing force and associated compression reduce tensile cracks by approx. 45% and increase stiffness. The strengthened beam reaches the maximum load of the upper benchmark, but with about 33% less deflection. The filler, which also expands thermally, generates an additional prestressing force that is effective up to about 20% of the load capacity. Beyond this, the filler begins to crack and its effect decreases, but the pre-strain in the reinforcing bar remains until maximum load
