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Exploration of Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Reducing Patient Anxiety in the Operating Room: A Scoping Review
No full textPreoperative anxiety is a common problem that impacts surgical outcomes and patient well-being. Non-pharmacological interventions offer a safe alternative to managing anxiety without the side effects of medication. This scoping review aims to map the evidence related to non-pharmacological interventions in reducing patient anxiety in the operating room. Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the JBI guidelines, a search was conducted in databases such as PubMed and Scopus until August 2025, with inclusion criteria of primary and secondary studies on non-pharmacological interventions in preoperative patients. Data were extracted for variables such as intervention type, population, and effectiveness, and analyzed narratively and thematically. Of the 15 studies, interventions such as music therapy, virtual reality, clown therapy, aromatherapy, and pre-operative education were effective in reducing anxiety by 15-30% in children and adults, with additional benefits on patient satisfaction and physiological stability. Interactive interventions were more effective in children, while sensory therapy was superior in adults. Non-pharmacological interventions are a promising strategy for pre-operative anxiety management, with the need for further research in elderly and emergency surgery populations to strengthen clinical applications.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Etanol Extract of Black Sea Cucumber (Holothuria atra) against the Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
No full textBlack Sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) contain chemical compounds that has antibacterial activity. One of the bacteria that is pathogenic to humans and at risk of death are Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether black sea cucumber ethanol extract in Pataomeme waters has antibacterial activity against the microorganisms E. coli and S. aureus. The type of research used is quantitative research with quasi laboratory experiments. Antibacterial activity test using disc diffusion method. Black Sea cucumber extract was made in 3 concentrations, consisted of 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%. The results showed that black sea cucumber extract has antibacterial activity seen through the inhibition zone formed. The maximum inhibition zone is at a concentration of 12.5% sea cucumber extract, which is 28.59 mm against S. aureus bacteria and 21.02 mm against E. coli bacteria. According to our results, sea cucumber may be a suitable marine source of antibacterial substances. To ascertain its potential use in other areas of medicine, more in vivo research must be conducted
Mapping Hepatitis B Infection in Cap Tikus Consumers in South Minahasa, North Sulawesi
No full textRisk factors for alcohol consumption can accelerate the development of hepatitis B infection leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). North Sulawesi is the second province with the highest number of alcohol drinkers in Indonesia. Cap Tikus is a traditional community drink which is traditionally made from palm tree liquid. The tradition of drinking Cap Tikus is usually done by consuming it together in the same glass; where this behavior is risky behavior for the transmission of hepatitis B infection. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the distribution of hepatitis B infection based on the results of the HBsAg examination in the South Minahasa area. The research design is quantitative with a descriptive research type. The population of the study was Cap Tikus drinkers in six locations in South Minahasa Regency. The sample consisted of 309 respondents, found through a random sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research variable was the result of the HBV examination using the Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The results showed that 67.6% of respondents were in the age range of 30-50 years, and 50.1% worked as farmers. The majority of respondents (31.7%) consumed Cap Tikus 3 times a week, with an alcohol level of 45-50% as many as 47.9 respondents; 41.1% of respondents consumed 250-350 ml in one drink. The results of the ELISA reader examination showed that 4 respondents (1.3%) gave results above the cut-off value of 1.007. Based on the results of the research conducted, this study concludes that as many as 1.3% of respondents were declared positive for HBsAg through the ELISA examination and were only found in Ranomea Village, South Minahasa Regency. It is hoped that the government and health workers will be able to provide health education about the dangers of drinking alcohol excessively and educate about the risk factors for transmission of the hepatitis B virus
Kelas pranikah dan prakonsepsi untuk pencegahan stunting pada sekolah pranikah
No full textStunting is a growth disorder of children under five due to malnutrition, with the prevalence rate in Indonesia in 2023 reaching 21.5%. To reduce stunting rates, premarital and preconception classes are essential in providing knowledge and skills to prospective parents to prevent stunting. This study aims to develop an intervention module for premarital and preconception classes that integrates education on stunting prevention with coping skills training. The study also seeks to measure the effects of the module on participants’ perceived stress, coping skills, and self-efficacy, as part of an effort to strengthen the preparedness of prospective brides in maintaining maternal and child health and preventing stunting. This study is a quasy experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were women in the premarital and preconception period. The sampling technique used was probability sampling, a simple random sampling of 41 people—data analysis using the Wilcoxon Test. The study results showed significant differences in three variables after the premarital class intervention. The stress perception scale experienced a decrease in mean score from 20.93 to 18.83 with a difference of -2.10 (p=0.002). Self-confidence experienced an average increase from 44.76 to 48.27 with a difference of 3.51 (p=0.002). Coping strategies also increased the average score from 97.34 to 99.24, with a difference of 1.90 (p=0.023). Premarital classes are effective in reducing stress and increasing self-confidence and coping strategies. Premarital classes and preconception programs with coping skills need to be expanded to prevent stunting. Stunting is a growth disorder of children under five due to malnutrition, with the prevalence rate in Indonesia in 2022 reaching 21.6%. In order to reduce stunting rates, premarital and preconception classes are very important in providing knowledge and skills to prospective parents to prevent stunting. This research aims to develop a stunting risk detection tools and management modules through premarital and preconception classes plus copping skills as an effort to prevent and reduce stunting. This study is an experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were women in the premarital and preconception period. The sampling technique used was probability sampling type simple random sampling of 41 people. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Test. The study results showed significant differences in three variables after the premarital class intervention. The stress perception scale experienced a decrease in mean score from 20.93 to 18.83 with a difference of -2.10 (p=0.002). Self-confidence experienced an average increase from 44.76 to 48.27 with a difference of 3.51 (p=0.002). Coping strategies also increased the average score from 97.34 to 99.24 with a difference of 1.90 (p=0.023). Premarital classes are effective in reducing stress, increasing self-confidence and coping strategies. Premarital classes and preconception programs with copping skills need to be expanded to prevent stunting.  
Dietary Intake and Pregnancy Characteristics on Maternal Anemia Status
No full textAnemia during pregnancy remains a significant global health concern, affecting a substantial portion of the worldwide population. The prevalence of anemia is particularly high among pregnant women, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. Anemia during pregnancy can lead to severe complications for both mother and fetus, including increased mortality risk, premature birth, low birth weight, and cognitive impairment. Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors contributing to anemia, specifically examining food intake and pregnancy characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2023 at Parung Panjang Health Center, Bogor Regency, involving 135 pregnant women. Data collection included hemoglobin measurements using an easy touch device and nutritional intake assessment through SQ-FFQ interviews. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 with chi-square testing. The study revealed significant correlations between parity, intake of calcium, and vitamin C with anemia status (p<0.05). Most participants were in their third trimester, predominantly unemployed, and had low education levels. There was no significant association between nutrition status, age, family income and infection story with anemia status (p>0.05). While the majority of women had adequate iron intake, no significant association was found between iron intake and anemia status (p>0.05). The study identified parity, intake of calcium, and vitamin C as significant factors associated with anemia in pregnant women. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive nutritional support and monitoring during pregnancy, particularly focusing on adequate micronutrient intake and considering parity status in anemia prevention strategies.
Theory of Planned Behavior’s Method on Knowledge and Preventive Behavior Toward Tuberculosis
No full textTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that has become a global health concern, with Indonesia being the country with the second-highest number of pulmonary TB cases after India. The level of knowledge and preventive behavior regarding TB significantly influences both the spread and the success of TB treatment. This study aims to evaluate the impact of health education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on TB prevention knowledge and behavior among patients. The study design utilized a quasi-experimental approach with control and intervention groups, where the intervention was administered through face-to-face education and followed by smart chat support sessions for one month. A total of 50 respondents participated, divided into treatment and control groups. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Mann-Whitney tests. The study results show that the statistical analysis indicated a significant improvement in knowledge and preventive behavior in the intervention group post-intervention (p=0.000), while the control group showed no significant change. The finding of this this improvement suggests that TPB-based interventions, which encompass attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, are effective in influencing health behavior changes. The conclusion is TPB-based health education through face-to-face sessions and smart chat follow-ups can be recommended as an intervention strategy to enhance TB prevention knowledge and behavior among high-risk populations.
Maternal and Child Determinants of Psychological Well-Being in Mothers Caring for Children with Chronic Conditions
No full textCaring for a child with a chronic condition imposes significant physical and psychological burdens on mothers, including increased stress, anxiety, depression, and difficulties balancing daily caregiving responsibilities with personal and social roles, which negatively impact their overall psychological well-being. This study aims to analyze the factors (maternal and child characteristics) associated with the psychological well-being of mothers who care for children with chronic conditions. A cross-sectional correlation design was used with 204 mothers of chronically ill children at Hospital in Malang City, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments in this study are a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using ordinal logistic regression. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most mothers have moderate psychological well-being (72,1%). Multivariate analysis showed that mothers aged 26–35 years (OR = 0.113, p = 0.020), treatment duration under 1 year (OR = 5.551, p = 0.001), living in a village (OR = 0.221, p = 0.009), high family income (reference group, OR = 1.00), low obstacles to care (OR = 5.948, p = 0.009), good partner support (OR = 16.609, p = 0.002), good family support (OR = 6.062, p = 0.031), and good health worker support (OR = 6.965, p = 0.036) were significantly associated with increased maternal psychological well-being. Health workers can actively provide psychosocial support for mothers caring for children with chronic conditions, such as counseling. In addition, health workers must work with partners and families to create an emotionally supportive environment for mothers.
Filtration Tube Model Utilizing Coconut Husk for Domestic Wastewater Treatment: Oil Removal Method
No full textThe presence of oil and fat in household wastewater is a significant water pollutant, as it is typically disposed of without prior treatment. Coconut husks are a promising material that can be used as a filter medium. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of coconut fiber filtration in the treatment of domestic wastewater. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests but no control group. Wastewater was passed through tubs filled with coconut husk. Three different filtration tub models were tested: Model A single baffle, Model B with three baffles, and Model C with no baffle. Oil content was monitored on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days in milligrams per liter. A Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test was conducted to compare the results of oil content reduction between filter models. The results revealed significant differences in the mean oil content reduction among the various tub models. The percentage of oil reduction reaches 95-99%. Furthermore, the Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between Models A and C. However, considerable differences were identified between Models A and C, as well as between Models B and C. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the effectiveness of coconut husk filters in reducing oil levels, with nearly the maximum observed reduction achieved by the 28th day. Additionally, it is recommended to explore the long-term sustainability and potential applications of coconut husk filters in various oil removal scenarios
Community Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Filariasis: Insights from Papua, Indonesia
No full textThe rising incidence of filariasis cases necessitates heightened vigilance, particularly given the limited public awareness about this disease. This study aims to explore community knowledge and attitudes regarding filariasis in Jayawijaya Regency, Papua. Utilizing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the research population comprised all household heads in Itanggen Village, Wolo District. A total of 34 household heads participated as informants, representing each family unit. Data collection employed structured questionnaires followed by in-depth interviews. Findings revealed that 3 filariasis cases was found, accounting for 38.2% (n=13) of respondents demonstrated good knowledge about filariasis, while 61.8% (n=21) showed inadequate understanding. Regarding preventive attitudes, 55.9% (n=19) exhibited positive attitudes toward filariasis prevention, whereas 44.1% (n=15) displayed less favorable attitudes. However, there was no significant relationship between community knowledge and filariasis case (p value=0.729). Also, there was no significant relationship between community attitude and filariasis incident (p value=0.830). These results highlight critical gaps in filariasis knowledge despite moderately positive preventive attitudes, suggesting the need for targeted health education interventions in this endemic region. The study provides valuable baseline data for public health planning in Papua\u27s filariasis control programs.
A Case-Control Study of Environmental Risk Factors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Housing Density, Indoor Humidity, and Smoking Habits
No full textPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in urban settings and is strongly influenced by environmental and behavioral factors. This study aimed to examine the effects of housing density, indoor humidity, and smoking behavior on the incidence of pulmonary TB in the working area of the Segiri Health Center, Samarinda. An observational analytic study with a case–control design was conducted involving 50 respondents, consisting of 25 TB cases and 25 matched controls. Data were collected through structured interviews, direct observation, and environmental measurements, and were analyzed using chi-square tests and odds ratios. The results indicated that high housing density was significantly associated with an increased risk of TB (OR = 11.16; p = 0.001), while smoking behavior was also significantly related to TB incidence (OR = 5.63; p = 0.010). High indoor humidity showed an increased risk but was not statistically significant. In addition, a large proportion of TB cases were frequently exposed to secondhand smoke in enclosed spaces. In conclusion, high housing density and smoking, including exposure to secondhand smoke, are key determinants of pulmonary TB incidence, whereas indoor humidity demonstrated a weaker association. These findings highlight the importance of improving housing conditions and strengthening tobacco control efforts as part of TB prevention strategies in urban areas