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Single Nucleotide Variation in the Promoter Region of the APOA1 Gene as a Candidate Biomarker for Dyslipidemia
No full textDyslipidemia is a lipid profile abnormality that can escalate the risk of cardiovascular disease. The rate of cardiovascular events in Indonesia is very high. One of the causes of dyslipidemia is due to polymorphisms in genes associated with lipid metabolism. The APOA-1 gene encodes the APOA-1 protein which functions to regulate HDL protein synthesis. The objective of this study is to determine APOA1 gene polymorphisms in patients with dyslipidemia. Samples of healthy controls and dyslipidemia patients were used in this investigation. The lipid profiles of the patients and normal controls are determined at the onset of the study. Following DNA extraction, the APOA-1 gene was amplified and sequenced using the serum sample. MEGA X and BLAST were used to analyze the sequencing results. The study\u27s findings demonstrated that the APOA-1 gene length in samples of dyslipidemic patients and normal controls was 433 bp. While the normal control samples have the same sequence as the database, the dyslipidemic patient samples have an APOA-1 gene polymorphism in the promoter region. APOA-1 gene polymorphism results in disturbances in lipid profiles, particularly HDL which is at risk of developing dyslipidemia. The APOA-1 gene has the potential to be developed as a biomarker for diagnosing dyslipidemia involving a larger number of samples
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: Multiple Contributing Factors
No full textNausea and vomiting are common conditions in earlier pregnancy. Some studies have suggested that nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is caused by multiple factors, however, few studies assessed family support and psychological factors. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of NVP and its contributing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five Primary Health Centers in Semarang during August 2023. A total of 99 eligible pregnant women were included. A logistic regression was used to determine the significant contributing factors of NVP. The prevalence of moderate to severe and mild NVP was 71.7% and 28.3% respectively. Bivariate analysis indicated that gestational age and anxiety level significantly influence NVP (p-value <0.05). Women with greater gestational age (OR= 2.462; 0.954-6.356) and mild anxiety (OR=3.337; 1.240-8.982) were more likely to experience NVP during their pregnancy. Gestational of 12 weeks and mild anxiety are strongly associated with NVP. These findings highlight the crucial of psychological factors despite other health-related conditions
Evaluating the Efficacy of the Zelisken Ball in Shortening the First Stage of Labor: A Quasi-Experimental Study
No full textDuring labor, mothers frequently report having excruciating contractions that continue for hours or even days. An assistive gadget is required to expedite labor and aid in the baby\u27s head drop. The Zelisken Ball, an invention of the research group, is a bolster-shaped ball used in basic exercises or physical care. The study aimed to determine whether using the Zelisken Ball could shorten the time pregnant mothers spend in the first stage of labor. Pregnant women\u27s level of comfort and satisfaction while using it, along with its effects on each delivery stage, were highlighted. Using a control group, the study used a quantitative methodology and a quasi-experimental post-test-only design. Purposive sampling was employed to identify 50 postpartum patients for the sample. The Zelisken Ball was utilized by the intervention group in this study, while the Peanut Ball was used by the control group. Questionnaires were used to gather data, and SPSS software was implemented to perform an Independent Sample t-test to determine differences between the two groups. The mothers who utilized the Zelisken Ball advanced through the first stage of labor more quickly, according to the data, with a difference of 1.29 hours (77.4 minutes) between them and the control group (8.3 hours) who used the Peanut Ball. The results of the data analysis indicate that mothers who used the Zelisken Ball and those who utilized the Peanut Ball had significantly different first-stage labor durations (p-value of 0.026, <0.05). As a result, the Zelisken Ball shows great promise as a useful tool for accelerating the early stage of labor. The research has been modified to create Zelisken, which is two-thirds the size of a peanut ball and has an indentation of ½ on the ball. The outer material of Zelisken is made of Oscar fabric, and the inside is filled with foam, whereas the peanut ball is made of PVC and has an interior filled with air. Future research, however, needs to increase the sample size to include a wider range of respondents to strengthen the findings\u27 generalizability
Effect of Sociodemographic Factors on the Risk of Postpartum Depression during the Covid-19: Evidence from Tarakan
No full textSocial and environmental factors can have an impact on a mother\u27s mental health, especially during a pandemic. Financial stress and the social environment can exacerbate postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is one of the mental health consequences. Postpartum depression is similar to other types of depression, but it occurs as a result of physical and social changes caused by the process of giving birth and raising a child. The objective of this study was to identify the sociodemographic factors that influence the risk of postpartum depression in Tarakan during the Covid-19 pandemic. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Tarakan\u27s North Tarakan District from August to October 2021. The study included 150 postpartum mothers. In this study, simple random sampling was used. The dependent variable of this study was postpartum depression and independent variables were age, education, income, parity, occupation, and support. Data collection employed questionnaires and logistic regression data analysis with the Stata 13 program. The risk of postpartum depression increased with multiparity (95%CI: 0.11-1.78); p = 0.026), and less income (< minimum wage) (95%CI: 0.01-1.48); p=0.045). The risk of postpartum depression decreased with age (<35 years old) (95%CI: (-2.00) - (-0.25)); p= 0.011), occupation (95%CI: (-1.60) – (-0.07)); p= 0.032), support (95%CI: (-1.76) – (-0.10)); p= 0.028), higher education (95%CI: (-1.22) – 0.24); p= 0.190). Postpartum depression risk increases with multiparity and lower income. With normal age, occupation, support, and education, the risk of postpartum depression decreased
The Impact of Aging on the Quality of Sperm in White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Wistar Strain
No full textDue to the reproductive aging process, the testes, epididymis, and other reproductive organs gradually lose all their physiological capabilities. This study aimed to determine the effect of aging on the sperm quality of Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus). The research design is quantitative and descriptive. This study used white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the Wistar strain aged 19–20 months. The number of samples was 18 individuals, with a purposive sampling technique following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mice were put to sleep on the seventh day, then the cauda epididymis and testes were separated, and a media container was used to accommodate them. The spermatozoa produced were then examined for their motility, morphology, and viability. The results showed that the range, mean, and standard deviation of progressive motility of spermatozoa was 5.83%, 217% ± 1.87%, normal morphology was 39.17%, 61.6% ± 9.57%, and spermatozoa viability was 19.50%, 74.6 ± 5.83%. There was a progressive decrease in motility, but morphology was expected, and spermatozoa viability was within normal limits. This study concludes that aging affects spermatozoa motility, but the morphology and viability of spermatozoa are still within normal limits. Future studies should do genetic analysis to determine how hereditary factors affect sperm quality in aged white rats and compare the results to those of young rats to identify changes in sperm quality
Preparedness of Emergency Room Nurses After Emerging Infectious Diseases Screening
No full textEmerging infectious diseases (EID) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide since it initially attacks a population or has existed before but is increasing very rapidly in terms of the number of new cases in a population. Early detection of EID patients refers to early screening. Screening of patients with suspected EID such as Covid-19 or other airborne infectious diseases must be performed at the first contact with suspected patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EID screening instrument applied at the Emergency Room (ER). This was a quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample size consisted of 34 nurses at the ER of Mangusada Hospital, Bali, who were selected using a total sampling technique. The intervention administered in this study was the implementation of EID screening instrument before the patients entered triage for 1 month on June 2022 at the ER of Mangusada Hospital. After ensuring the distribution and homogeneity of the data, a paired t-test was employed for parametric statistical data analysis. The result of the study showed a p-value of (0.004) or p <α (0.05). So, it can be concluded that there was an effect of the screening instrument applied at the ER of Mangusada Hospital on the preparedness of nurses in dealing with EID. Thus, the screening for patients with EID should be implemented in each emergency unit. The study finding can help improve nurse preparedness regarding the prevention of EID. In addition, future study is recommended to assess the competence of nurses regarding the prevention of EID
Apgar Score and the Amount of Blood of Mother in Labour in Delayed Cord Clamping Period
No full textA delay in cutting the umbilical cord in infants can increase the Apgar score in infants who experience asphyxia. Besides that, it can prevent postpartum hemorrhage from occurring. Most deaths from postpartum hemorrhage occur during the first 24 hours after delivery. This increase in the Apgar value proves that the longer the delay in the umbilical cord is carried out, even until it doesn\u27t pulsate, the better the baby\u27s body will be, which results in an increase in hemoglobin in the baby\u27s body. The population in this study were all mothers in the 3-4 stage of labor in the city area. Bandar Lampung. The sample is part of the number and characteristics possessed by the population with 120 maternal. It is known the length of time delayed cord Clamping is performed on babies born (<30 seconds) as many as 3 (2.5%) respondents, while umbilical cord clamping is delayed for 30-180 seconds as many as 117 (97.5%) respondents, the Apgar score in newborns in the category of mild asphyxia - not asphyxia as much as 100%, the amount of blood that came out <250 grams was 93 (77.5% ) respondents and the amount of blood that came out 250 grams were 27 (22.5%) respondents. Delayed cord clamping does not increase the incidence of asphyxia and bleeding in laboring mothers, so immediate umbilical cord clamping can be performed by observing the baby\u27s birth condition
The Effect of Smartphone-Based Nursing Therapy to Reducing Post Cardiac Surgery
No full textThe disease that is the number one cause of death in the world today is heart disease. Actions to overcome the problem of coronary heart disease, one of them with surgery. Pain is a significant issue at all stages of surgery. Post-cardiac surgery discomfort should be manageable with smartphone-based nursing care. The goal of this study was to determine if smartphone-based nursing care may help heart surgery patients feel less pain. The research design used a quasi-experimental pre- and post-control group design. The sample size in this study was 46 respondents, which were divided into 23 respondents in the intervention group and 23 respondents in the control group. The inclusion criteria of this study were cardiac surgery patients on the first day, adult patients receiving paracetamol drip therapy and 1000 mg tablets, and hemodynamic stability. Nursing interventions to deal with pain in this study were carried out using hypnosis and music videos in smartphone-based applications. Research results showed a post-treatment pain score of 2.04 in the intervention group and 4.60 in the control group. Nursing interventions carried out using videos in smartphone-based applications are able to overcome post-cardiac surgery pain, so pain management using smartphones can be an intervention choice to deal with post-cardiac surgery pain. Hypnosis and music nursing interventions using videos on smartphone-based applications can be used as nursing therapy to treat pain after cardiac surgery
Acute Toxicity and Antipyretic Test of Ethanol Extract of Sterculia Quadrifida. R. Br. Leaves as Traditional Medicine
No full textSterculia quadrifida (SQ) is a plant which is also known as "faloak" by the people of East Nusa Tenggara. The secondary metabolite content of this plant has sufficient potential to be developed. Taking the bark of SQ which is not balanced with its preservation can threaten its survival. The use of SQ leaves as a new traditional medicine needs to be tested for its efficacy and safety.The aim of the study was to provide information about the efficacy and safety of SQ leaves in the development of new traditional medicines. The acute toxicity test used the fix-dose combination method according to the BPOM recommendation. A single oral dose of 2000 mg/KgBw of extract was given to five male mice at 24 h intervals. Animals were observed individually for any clinical signs of toxicity or mortality for 24 hours and 14 days. DPT (difteri, pertussis, tetanus)-Hb (Hepatitis-B) was used as a fever inducer in the antipyretic test of infusion and ethanol extract of SQ leaves. For acute treatment, the ethanol extract of Sterculia quadrifida (EESQ) did not reveal any signs of toxicity or mortality in any animal, during the observation period. The LD50 of extract was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/KgBw. A dose of 2000 mg/KgBw in mice for 14 days showed significant side effects on the liver and spleen which were marked by organ weights that were significantly different from the control group. Paracetamol as positive control, infusion of Sterculia quadrifida leaves (ISQ) 100%, and EESQ 400 mg/KgBw showed a significant difference (p<0.05) with the negative control group. The results showed that SQ leaf has potential as an antipyretic, but liver function must be monitored, even though the LD50 value is above 2000 mg/KgBw.
Factors Related to Employer Health Insurance Contribution During COVID-19 Epidemic in Indonesia
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic impacted all sectors of the world, including business. In fact, the employer faced a collapse, and many employees were determined. Another issue is health insurance, which might change before and during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with the employer’s contribution to health insurance during COVID-19. The secondary data, “Rapid Gender Assessment Survey 2021”, was used on 239 employees in Indonesia. The dependent variable in this study was employer contribution to health insurance during the pandemic (yes or no) and the main independent variable was employer contribution before the pandemic. Other sociodemographic variables were also included in the model as controls. This study used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate (binary logistic regression). The result of this study revealed that employers who contributed to health insurance before the pandemic tend to contribute again to health insurance during the pandemic. This study also reviews the legal law, including regulations about national health insurance and employment. The government’s intention is needed to ensure the rights of employees are well realized.