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Development of transethosomes patch for delivery atorvastatin calcium transdermally: In vitro and in vivo studies
Get PDFAtorvastatin calcium is an antihyperlipidemic with low bioavailability, and to address this limitation, a trans
dermal delivery system utilizing transethosomes as a carrier was developed. This study aimed to enhance the bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium by transitioning from oral to transdermal administration. The six different formulas of transethosomes were observed based on particle size, PDI, zeta potential, deformability index, and morphology. Furthermore, the patch’s characteristics, penetration, pharmacokinetic, and irritation
studies of transethosomes patch were observed. The results showed that atorvastatin calcium transetho
somes had a particle size of ≤ 130.59 nm with PDI and zeta potential values of ≤ 0.24 and ≥ 51.87 mV,
respectively. The vesicles featured spherical morphology and an excellent deformability index. The transe
thosome patches obtained had a pH and viscosity value of 5.7 and ≥ 8741 mPa.s, respectively. The properties of transethosomes loaded in the patch were observed to show a particle size of ≤ 249.83 nm and zeta potential ≥ 44.73 mV. A penetration study of the atorvastatin calcium transethosomes patch reveals high flux, especially the G6 formula, increasing bioavailability by 3.67-fold and not irritating. In conclusion, developing a transethosomes patch for transdermal delivery proved to be an effective method for enhancing the bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium
PEMANFAATAN DATA SATELIT SENTINEL-1 DAN SENTINEL-2 UNTUK DETEKSI KAPAL TRANSHIPMENT DI PERAIRAN BINTAN
No full textPerairan Indonesia memiliki aktivitas pelayaran yang sangat tinggi, sehingga memerlukan sistem pemantauan yang andal untuk mendukung keselamatan navigasi, pengawasan maritim, dan pengelolaan sumber daya laut. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan data Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, dan Automatic Identification System (AIS) dalam mendeteksi kapal di perairan Bintan. Deteksi kapal dari citra Sentinel-1 dilakukan dengan algoritma Constant False Alarm Rate
(CFAR), yaitu teknik deteksi objek berbasis ambang batas dan klasifikasi untuk membedakan kapal dari latar perairan. Pada citra Sentinel-2, digunakan metode interpretasi visual untuk mengidentifikasi dugaan aktivitas transhipment. Data
AIS digunakan sebagai acuan untuk memverifikasi posisi dan jenis kapal yang terdeteksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi data Sentinel-1,Sentinel-2, dan AIS mampu meningkatkan akurasi dalam identifikasi kapal,termasuk kapal yang tidak dilengkapi perangkat AIS. Tercatat lima kejadian dugaan transhipment pada 13 September 2024 dan tujuh kejadian pada 12 November 2024. Hasil ini menjadi dasar awal bagi pihak pengamanan maritim untuk melakukan analisis lebih lanjut guna mendukung pengambilan keputusan
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Faith, Law, and Resilience: Crisis Management Strategies among Indonesian Muslimahpreneurs in the Post-Pandemic Era
No full textThis study examines how Indonesian Muslim women entrepreneurs (Muslimahpreneurs) managed crises in the post-pandemic era through faith, legal frameworks, and resilience. Using a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews with ten women-led MSMEs in South Tangerang reveal challenges, including limited access to Sharia-compliant financial services, shifting consumer behavior, reduced purchasing power, supply chain disruptions, technological limitations, and the dual role burden of managing households and businesses. Despite this, Muslimahpreneurs applied adaptive strategies grounded in family, ethics, and community. Their spiritual values, such as tawakkul, ṣabr, and maṣlaḥah, shaped their decisions and enhanced business resilience. This study also reveals a gap between regulatory provisions and practical accessibility.
Keywords: Muslimahpreneur; post-pandemic recovery; sharia-compliant finance; legal accessibility; spiritual resilienc