Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation (MEHDI) Journals
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Is Open-angle Glaucoma Caused by the NO/ONOO(-) Cycle Acting at Two Locations in the Eye?
Full text linkEditorial/No abstrac
Modified Middle Eastern Contrast Sensitivity Chart
Full text linkThe contrast sensitivity test has been used to examine vision in different clinical circumstances. Moreover, as contrast sensitivity is affected by several ocular states, its measurement has been considered practically for monitoring and assessment of a wide range of visual functions, predicting vision related abilities, diagnosing several ophthalmic conditions, and evaluating many ocular disorders including glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, optic neuritis and age-related degeneration. The Pelli-Robson standard chart has been translated and modified using Persian-Arabic characters since illiterates and children in the Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa are more likely to distinguish Arabic characters instead of English ones. The translation of these characters is expected to have more precise results, thereby improving the test’s validity and provide early diagnoses of ocular problems. This manuscript is focused on conceptions relating to the project. Further studies are required to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the revised chart to best compare it to the standard Pelli-Robson one
An Overview of Rare and Unusual Clinical Features of Bietti’s Crystalline Dystrophy
Full text linkBietti’s crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare disease presenting with the appearance of intraretinal crystalline deposits and varying degrees of chorioretinal atrophy commencing at the posterior pole. Within time, intraretinal crystals gradually disappear and chorioretinal atrophy extends beyond the macula even resulting in complete chorioretinal atrophy. Concomitant corneal crystals can be noted in 1/2 - 1/3 of the patients, and the presence of corneal crystals is not a must for establishing the diagnosis. For the past decade, genetic evaluations and newer imaging modalities expand our knowledge about the disease. CYP4V2 gene is found to be the gene responsible for the disease process and new mutations are still being described. Modern imaging modalities, such as a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) shed light on the anatomic features of the disease. By this, we reiterate the rare and unusual clinical features of BCD
Diseases Treated With Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy; a Literature Review
Full text linkHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is defined as the inhalation of 100% oxygen inside a hyperbaric chamber that is pressurized to greater than 1 atmosphere (Atm). Typical HBO regimens use 1.5 to 2.5 Atm pressure for durations of 30 to 90 minutes, repeated multiple times. The time between and the total number of repeat sessions varies widely. The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treatment of some diseases such as intravascular emboli, decompression sickness, anaerobic infections, CO poisoning was confirmed. For some diseases, such as traumatic brain injuries, the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as described by investigators is controversial. Chinese authors have reported many articles regarding treatment of neonatal hypoxia with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, but in other points of the world, this depth of experience does not exist. Recently, some other diseases, such as purpura fulminans, and pancreatitis, have been treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In conclusion, if equipment for hyperbaric oxygen therapy is available, many patients will benefit by this method of treatment
Lung Cancer and Eye Metastases
Full text linkIt has been observed that lung cancer either non-small cell or small cell is responsible for eye metastases. This form of metastases in several cases was the first manifestation of the disease and further investigation led to the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy. Both types of lung cancer are equally responsible for this demonstration. Furthermore; both chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown equal positive results in treating the exophalmos manifestation. Up to date information will be presented in our current work
Role of Ophthalmic Nurses in Prevention of Ophthalmic Diseases
Full text linkThere are numerous ocular problems that could be diagnosed and detected by well-trained ophthalmic nurses. Ophthalmic nurses may significantly contribute in ophthalmology and visual sciences. These trained nurses may assist in decrease the rate of cancelled surgical operations at the date of operation that had been due to lack of attention to health problems in pre-operative assessments. Furthermore, they could perform some medical evaluation of patients that are candidates for surgery, preoperatively. Additionally, their services would be beneficial to accelerate discharging patients, which would result in less drain on financial resources for medical centres. Ophthalmic nurses are also critical elements in health-care systems because they can help to deliver up to date ophthalmic knowledge and contribute to general physicians, academically. Additionally, they may be able to assist patients who suffer from blindness or loss of vision, to find national organizations that provide services and education. They are able to be a great assistance in referring patients that need subspecialty services and subsequently, contribute to saving health-care expenditures by let the patients to receive proper management. These nurses could play a significant role in the process of teaching people, providing proper diagnoses, administration, and management of ocular problems
Good Digestion is a Key Element for Healthy Hearts: An Appealing Concept from Avicenna’s Viewpoint
Full text linkTraditional Persian Medicine (TPM) has a holistic approach towards the human body. Avicenna, an outstanding TPM scholar, has provided appealing concepts such as the association between the heart and gastrointestinal system. Thus, efficient functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (digestion) could influence the proper functioning of the heart and result in a healthy life. Within TPM principles, through proper processes of digestion healthy food produces a suitable amount of the humors. These are necessary for all organs, including the heart, and if this does not occur then an environment for cardiac diseases will develop. It seems wise to provide healthy food and promote good digestion via simple lifestyle considerations rooted in TPM principles to attain a healthy heart
Prevention of Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean Section: Preload with Crystalloids or Hydroxyethyl Starch
Full text linkPrevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section avoids maternal and fetal side effects. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of prehydration with crystalloid and prehydration with Hydroxyethyl starch on maternal blood pressure and neonatal outcome during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. We enrolled 72 full term women weighting between 50 and 85 Kg, classified as ASA I, scheduled for elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Participants were randomly allocated equally to one of crystalloid or Hydroxyethyl starch (Voluven) groups. After arrival in the operating room and intravenous (IV) access, 500 ml of ringer solution was infused within 10-15 min before the initiation of the spinal block in the crystalloid group, but in the Voluven group, 500 ml of 6% Hydroxyethyl starch solution was infused to the patients. Hypotension occurred in 47.2% of patients in crystalloid group and 25% of patients in Voluven group and the statistical difference between two groups was meaningful.(P = 0.008). The incidence of nausea was %41.6 (15 patients) in crystalloid group vs %22.2 (8 patients) in Voluven group. Apgar scores in newborns in both groups were above 8. As conclusion, prophylactic prehydration with Hydroxyethyl starch was more effective than prehydration with crystalloid in the prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for elective caesarean section