Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation (MEHDI) Journals
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Recurrent Amyloid Material in Grafts Used in Patients with Lattice Corneal Dystrophy 2 (Meretoja’s Syndrome)
Full text linkPachychoroid Diseases of the Macula
Full text linkAdvances in optical coherence tomography have enabled a better appreciation of the role of pathologic choroidal changes in a variety of retinal disease. A “pachychoroid” (pachy-[prefix]: thick) is defined as an abnormal and permanent increase in choroidal thickness often showing dilated choroidal vessels and other structural alterations of the normal choroidal architecture. Central serous chorioretinopathy is just one of several pachychoroid-related macular disorders. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the pachycoroid spectrum and the hallmark features seen with multimodal imaging analysis of these entitie
Smartphone-based Video of Demodex folliculorum In Biopsied Human Eyelash Follicles
Full text linkThe ability of smartphone technology to document static microscopy images has been well documented and is gaining widespread use in ophthalmology, where slit-lamp biomicroscopy is frequently utilized. However, little has been described regarding the use of smartphone technology to relay video of tissue microscopy results to patients, particularly when a tissue sample integrates motility of organisms as a characteristic feature of the disease. Here, we describe the method to use smartphone video to document motility of Demodex folliculorum in human eyelashes, individual results of which can be shown to patients for education and counseling purposes. The use of smartphone video in documenting the motility of organisms may prove to be beneficial in a variety of medical fields; producers of electronic medical records, therefore, may find it helpful to integrate video drop box tools
Intracranial Pressure and Its Relationship to Glaucoma: Current Understanding and Future Directions
Full text linkRetrospective and prospective studies looking at the role of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP)/intracranial pressure (ICP) have stimulated new theories and hypotheses regarding the underlying causal events for glaucoma. Most recently, studies supporting a low CSFP/ICP as a risk factor for glaucoma have been published. This review summarizes the current understanding of CSFP/ICP and its potential role in the pathogenicity of the disease
Scientometric Analysis and Mapping of Scientific Articles on Diabetic Retinopathy
Full text linkBackground: Diabetic retinopathy is the major cause of blindness among working-age population across the world. Despite the urgent need for research strategic planning in this field, no systematic research has been previously performed analyzing the published research on diabetic retinopathy. The study aimed to analyze the scientific productions on DR for drawing a general roadmap for future research strategic planning in this field. Methods: A bibliometric method was used to obtain a view of the scientific production about diabetic retinopathy by data extracted from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Specific parameters were retrieved from the ISI. Articles about diabetic retinopathy published from 1993-2013 were analyzed to obtain a view of the topic’s structure, history, and document relationships. Also, the trends in the most influential publications and authors were analyzed. Results: Most highly cited articles addressed epidemiologic and translational research topics in this field. During the past three years, there has been a trend towards biomarker discovery and also more molecular translational research. Areas such as gene therapy and microRNAs are also among the recent hot topics. Conclusions: Through analyzing the characteristics of papers and the trends in scientific production we performed the first scientometric report on diabetic retinopathy. Most influential articles have been addressing epidemiology and translational research subjects in this field, which reflects that globally, the earlier diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease still has the highest global priority
Results of Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy: The Necessity of Teamwork and Appropriate Patient Selection
No full textTo evaluate the clinical results of endoscopic endonasal surgical dacryocystorhinostomy (EES-DCR) as team work by an ophthalmologist and an ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgeon and the appropriate selection of the patients this study performed.All candidates for DCR underwent computed tomography (CT) scan of the paranasal sinuses (PNS). Patients who did not want a scar on the medial canthus skin or who did not have intranasal problems received EES-DCR, which was performed as team work by an ophthalmologist and an ENT surgeon. Surgical success was the resolution of epiphora (i.e., functional success) and free passage of the fluid on irrigation (i.e., anatomical success) by six months after surgery.One hundred twenty-eight patients underwent EES-DCR. Six months following the operation, six patients underwent surgical failure (three cases of anatomical failure and three cases of functional failure); the success rate was therefore 95.3%. The most common intranasal problems that led to EES-DCR were sinusitis, septal deviation, close proximity of the agger nasi to the lacrimal bone, and concha bullosa; moreover, 15.5% of patients selected EES-DCR for cosmetic reasons. Cooperation between ophthalmologists and ENT surgeons in the preoperative assessment of patients with epiphora before EES-DCR increases its success rate, and it may replace external DCR in some patients
Subclinical Macular Edema Detected by Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) in HLA-B27 Positive Anterior Uveitis
Full text linkPurpose: To assess foveal thickness by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) during acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in HLA–B27 patients. Methods: Foveal thickness was measured at baseline and after clinical resolution of the uveitis. Data of the affected eyes of 11 patients were compared to those of a fellow, healthy eyes and to those of counterpart volunteers. Results: At baseline mean foveal thickness ± SD) was 190 ± 28 µm in affected eyes, 166 ± 20 m in fellow eyes (p < 0.001), and 162±14 µm in control group (p = 0.01). On the second OCT evaluation, no significant change was observed in affected eyes while the difference versus fellow eyes and control group remained statistically significant. Conclusions: A significant increase in foveal thickness was observed in eyes with HLA –B27 AAU when compared with healthy eyes. The difference persisted for at least one month, despite full clinical and functional recover
ERK5 Mediated Signalling in Diabetic Retinopathy
Full text linkDiabetic retinopathy is the lead among causes of blindness in North America. Glucose-induced endothelial injury is the most important cause of diabetic retinopathy and other vascular complications. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1), is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) family. Physiologically, it is critical for cardiovascular development and maintenance of the endothelial cell integrity. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 is protective for endothelial cells under stimulation and stress. Decreased activation of ERK5 results in increased endothelial cell death. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 signaling may be subject to alteration by hyperglycemia, while signaling pathway including ERK5 may be subject to alteration during pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In this review, the role of ERK5 in diabetic macro- and microvascular complications with a focus on diabetic retinopathy are summarized and discussed
Cataract Surgery in Anterior Megalophthalmos: A Review
Full text linkAnterior megalophthalmos is characterized by megalocornea associated with a very broad anterior chamber and ciliary ring elongation. It is also known as X-linked megalocornea. It is accompanied by the early development of cataracts, zonular anomalies, and rarely vitreoretinal disorders. Cataract surgery involves the risk of subluxation of the cataract because zonular weakness. In addition, in most cases, standard IOL decentration is a danger due to the enlargement of the sulcus and capsular bag. Cataract surgery is challenging because of these unique circumstances. Several approaches have been performed to date. Implantation of a retropupillary iris-claw aphakic intraocular lens might be a good option, since it is easier than suturing the IOL and could have better and more stable anatomic and visual outcomes compared with the other techniques
Corneal Topography With Upper Eyelid Platinum Chain Implantation Using the Pretarsal Fixation Technique
Full text linkPurpose: To determine the effect of upper eyelid platinum chain implantation, with the pretarsal fixation technique, on corneal astigmatism. Methods: This is a prospective, cohort study. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients underwent upper eyelid platinum chain implantation, with the pretarsal fixation technique, for facial nerve palsy. Information recorded included patient demographics, etiology for facial palsy, weight of the implant, time from onset of paresis to upper eyelid platinum chain implantation, associated surgical procedures, and preoperative and postoperative corneal topography measurements. Results: Of the 15 patients studied, 10 were male and five were female. The mean age was 55.9 ± 13.8 years (range, 33–87 years). The most common etiology for facial palsy was acoustic neuroma. The weight of the implant ranged from 0.6 to 1.6gr (median 1.2gr). The time from onset of paresis to upper eyelid platinum chain implantation varied from 1 week to 3 months (median 1 month). Four patients had an associated procedure to correct the effect of paralytic ectropion. There was no statistically significant difference in with the rule astigmatism before and after platinum chain implantation. Conclusions: Upper eyelid platinum chain implantation, with the pretarsal fixation technique, does not appear to cause significant change in corneal astigmatism. This is contrary to data for pretarsal gold weight implantation, which does induce significant with the rule astigmatism