Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX
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Study of the Use of Seagrass Bait on Bebihe Catches in the waters of the Sea Beg, South Central Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency
Get PDFAbstractBubu fisheries have developed well in all Indonesian waters, especially in coastal areas that have coral reef and seagrass habitats. Generally, the commodities targeted for fishing are types of reef fish and seagrass beds that have a high selling value, such as snapper, grouper, baronang, yellowtail, lobster, octopus, and others. Bubu fishing gear or traps called bebihe local people are one of the fishing gear used to catch demersal fish or reef fish. The success of the bubu fishing operation is greatly influenced by the construction of the bebihe fishing gear itself and the treatment of the bait used. The use of seagrass bait, allegedly can increase the catching ability of the bebihe. However, scientific information on the use of seagrass as a bait for bebihe for fishing is not yet available. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of seagrass baits with the comparison of kitefish in the operation of bebihe; and identify the types of fish caught.This research was carried out in the waters of Beeng Laut island, South Central Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency; is based on experimental methods. Six bebihe units were operated during nine trips to collect data; where three units use seagrass bait of the type Thalassia hemprichii, and the other three units use kite fish bait; and then the catch data is analyzed by a t-test.The catch of bebihe during the study amounted to 363 heads, as many as 345 were caught with seagrass baits, and 18 were caught with kite baits. Analysis of the t-test showed that at t count = 5.480 > t table 0.05;8 = 2.306; where this explains that the use of seagrass bait on bebihe, gives a noticeablely different catch compared to kitefish bait
Coral Reef Conditions in Bahowo Waters Tongkaina, Sub District Bunaken, Manado North Sulawesi
No full textCoral reefs are coastal ecosystems with the highest level of diversity with about one million species worldwide and are habitats for assemblages of millions of polyps that produce limestone to form their skeletons and develop into vast expanses of colonies. Corals are invertebrates belonging to the phylum Coelenterata (hollow animals) or Cnidaria. In order to preserve the coral reef ecosystem in the future in the Bahowo area, quantitative data is needed that can explain/describe the condition of coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of coral reefs, in this case, data on coral cover and associated biota in Bahowo waters. The data collection of this research used the UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) method. Analysis of the data in the form of research images using the CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions) application. The results of the analysis of the condition of coral reefs in Bahowo waters are in the damaged/bad category with live coral cover percentage data of 16.33%.Keywords: Live coral cover; Underwater photo transect (UPT); Coral reef condition; Bahowo watersAbstrakTerumbu karang merupakan ekosistem pesisir dengan tingkat keanekaragaman tertinggi dengan jumlah sekitar satu juta spesies di seluruh dunia dan merupakan habitat bagi kumpulan dari berjuta-juta hewan polip yang menghasilkan zat kapur membentuk skeletonnya dan berkembang menjadi hamparan koloni yang luas. Karang adalah hewan tak bertulang belakang yang termasuk dalam filum Coelenterata (hewan berongga) atau Cnidaria. Dalam rangka pelestarian ekosistem terumbu karang ke depan di daerah Bahowo, maka dibutuhkan data kuantitatif yang dapat menjelaskan/menggambarkan tentang kondisi terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang, dalam hal ini data tutupan karang dan biota asosiasi di perairan Bahowo. Pengambilan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode UPT (Underwater Photo Transect). Analisis data berupa gambar penelitian menggunakan aplikasi CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). Hasil analisa kondisi terumbu karang di perairan Bahowo masuk dalam kategori rusak/buruk dengan data presentase tutupan karang hidup sebesar 16,33%.Kata kunci: Tutupan karang hidup; Underwater photo transect (UPT); Kondisi terumbu karang; Perairan Bahow
The form and distribution of microplastic in sediment and water columns of Manado Bay, North Sulawesi
Get PDFMicroplastics are particles measuring <5mm that is the result of degradation from plastic waste that enters the environment. Plastic waste is degraded into microplastics through physical, chemical, and biological processes. Pollutants such as microplastics that enter the waters of Manado Bay can reduce the biological and ecological functions of the ecosystem in the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape and density of microplastics in Manado Bay. The sediment sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling method and for the water, column using a plankton net withdrawal method of 10 meters with 3 replications at 3 stations. The sample will be prepared and then identified. Then the sample density was calculated and then analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation. The results showed that there were 4 forms of microplastic found, namely the form of fragments, films, fibers, and foams. The density of sediment sample 1 found 187 microplastic particles with a density of 63.38 particles/kg, at station 2 a total of 479 particles with a density of 182.12 particles/kg, and at station 3 a total of 311 particles with a density of 115.07 particles/kg. In station 1 seawater samples were found 154 particles with a density of 7.26 particles/m³, station 2 a total of 299 particles with a density of 14.10 particles/m³.Keywords: microplastic, shape, density, Manado Bay AbstrakMikroplastik adalah partikel berukuran <5mm hasil degradasi dari sampah plastik yang masuk ke lingkungan. Sampah plastik terdegradasi menjadi mikroplastik melalui proses fisik, kimia, dan biologis. Bahan pencemar mikroplastik yang masuk ke perairan Teluk Manado dapat mengurangi fungsi biologis dan ekologis dari ekosistem yang ada di dalam perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bentuk dan distribusi mikroplastik yang ada di Teluk Manado. Metode pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan untuk kolom perairan menggunakan metode penarikan plankton net sepanjang 10 meter sebanyak 3 kali ulangan di 3 stasiun. Sampel akan dipreparasi kemudian diidentifikasi. Selanjutnya sampel dihitung kepadatannya kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 4 bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu bentuk fragmen, film, fiber, dan busa. Kepadatan pada sampel sedimen 1 ditemukan 187 partikel mikroplastik dengan kepadatan 63,38 partikel/kg, pada stasiun 2 total 479 partikel dengan kepadatan 182,12 partikel/kg, dan pada stasiun 3 total 311 partikel dengan kepadatan 115,07 partikel/kg. Pada sampel air laut stasiun 1 ditemukan 154 partikel dengan kepadatan 7,26 partikel/m³, stasiun 2 total 299 partikel dengan kepadatan 14,10 partikel/m³.Kata kunci: mikroplastik, bentuk, kepadatan, Teluk Manad
Carbon Absorption in Seagrasses in Tongkaina Coastal Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City, North Sulawesi
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the types of seagrasses and calculate biomass and calculate how much carbon absorption in seagrasses was found in the location of Tongkaina Beach, Bunaken District, Manado City, North Sulawesi. The sampling procedure in the field is the method of cruising surveys. A cruising survey is a sample collection method that is carried out by walking through the coastal area of all seagrasses found. After the sampling at the site is completed, the sample in the inventory is then photographed. The samples that have been obtained are analyzed in the laboratory using the loss on ignition (LOI) method. The results of the study on Tongkaina coastal waters covering an area of 25,000 meters with a coastal length of ±500 meters, in an area parallel to the coastline as wide as ±50 meters towards the sea and six types of seagrasses were obtained, namely: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, and Halodule pinifolia.  The biomass in seagrasses found had an average value of 78.10% with the highest individual seagrass biomass found in seagrass type Enhalus acoroides with a biomass value of 87.23grams of dry weight (gbk)/individual and the lowest type of seagrass individual biomass value was found in seagrass type seagrass with a biomass value of 66.67grams of dry weight (gbk)/individual. The total carbon content calculated in the entire seagrass obtained was 46,0941gCKeywords: Tongkaina Beach; seagrasses; biomass; carbon absorptionAbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lamun dan menghitung biomassa serta menghitung berapa serapan karbon pada lamun yang ditemukan dilokasi Perairan Pantai Tongkaina Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Prosedur pengambilan sampel di lapangan menggunakan metode survei jelajah. Survei jelajah adalah metode pengumpulan sampel yang di lakukan dengan cara menyusuri daerah pantai terhadap semua lamun yang ditemukan. Setelah pengambilan sampel di lokasi selesai, sampel di inventarisir kemudian difoto. Sampel yang telah diperoleh dianalisa di laboratorium dengan menggunakann metode loss on ignition (LOI). Hasil penelitian pada perairan pantai Tongkaina seluas 25.000 meter dengan panjang pantai ±500 meter sejajar garis pantai dan lebar ±50 meter ke arah laut.  Ditemukan enam jenis lamun yaitu: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis dan Halodule pinifolia. Biomassa pada lamun yang ditemukan memiliki nilai rata-rata 78,53% dengan biomassa individu lamun tertinggi terdapat pada lamun jenis Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai biomassa mencapai 87,23gram berat kering (gbk)/individu dan nilai biomassa individu jenis lamun terendah terdapat pada lamun jenis Syringodium isoetifolium dengan nilai biomassa 66,67gram berat kering (gbk)/individu. Untuk total kandungan karbon yang dihitung pada keseluruhan lamun yang didapat sebesar 46,0941gC.Kata kunci: Pantai Tongkaina; Lamun; biomasa, serapan carbo
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacteria of Seagrass Symbiont Enhalus acoroides from Tiwoho Waters, North Minahasa
No full textNutrient-poor marine bacteria are often found to form a living mechanism by associating with other marine organisms such as seagrass Enhalus acoroides. Seagrass serves as a habitat for marine biota and is known to produce bioactive compounds. Endophytic and epiphytic microbes that are symbiotic in seagrass have the ability to produce bioactive compounds similar to the bioactive compounds produced by their host. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain isolates of symbiont bacteria and to test their antibacterial activity. The symbiotic bacteria isolates were tested for their antibacterial activity using gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and S. typhi, and gram-positive bacteria such as S. aureus and S. mutans. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the paper disc method. Observation of antibacterial activity was carried out for 3x24 hours by observing the growth of the resulting inhibition zone. The zone of inhibition was measured to determine the diameter and strength of the bioactive compounds produced by symbiotic bacteria.A total of six isolates of symbiotic bacteria were obtained from the seagrass Enhalus acoroides with varied morphological characteristics. The six isolates of symbiont bacteria showed antibacterial activity and could inhibit and kill pathogenic bacteria. Two of the six isolates of symbiotic bacteria that produced the largest diameter of the inhibition zone were isolates E (Ep1) 3,5 mm and F (En3) 4 mm in S. mutans test bacteria.Keywords: Antibacterial, Isolation, Enhalus acoroides, Symbionts, Tiwoho AbstrakBakteri laut yang miskin nutrisi banyak dijumpai membentuk mekanisme hidup dengan cara berasosiasi dengan organisme laut lainnya seperti lamun Enhalus acoroides. Lamun berfungsi sebagai habitat biota laut dan diketahui dapat menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif. Mikroba endofit dan epifit yang bersimbiosis pada lamun mempunyai kemampuan untuk memproduksi senyawa-senyawa bioaktif yang serupa dengan senyawa bioaktif yang diproduksi inangnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri simbion serta menguji aktivitas antibakterinya. Isolat bakteri simbion diuji aktivitas antibakterinya menggunakan bakteri uji gram negatif seperti E. coli dan S. typhi, dan bakteri uji gram positif seperti S. aureus dan S. mutans. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode kertas cakram. Pengamatan aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan selama 3x24 jam dengan mengamati pertumbuhan zona hambat yang dihasilkan. Zona hambat diukur untuk mengetahui diameter dan kekuatan senyawa bioaktif yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri simbion.  Sebanyak enam isolat bakteri simbion yang didapatkan dari lamun Enhalus acoroides dengan karakteristik morfologi yang bevariasi. Keenam isolat bakteri simbion menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri dan dapat menghambat serta membunuh bakteri pathogen. Dua dari enam isolat bakteri simbion menghasilkan diameter zona hambat terbesar adalah isolat E (Ep1) 3,5 mm dan F (En3) 4 mm pada pada bakteri uji S. mutans.Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Isolasi, Enhalus acoroides, Simbion, Tiwoh
Distribution of Size of Banggai Cardinal Fish Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933 in the Front Waters of Dudepo, South Bolaang Mongondow Regency
Get PDF This study aims to determine the distribution of sizes and morphological characters of Banggai Cardinal fish in the waters in front of Dudepo Village, South Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Field data collection using the explorer survey method with diving and snorkeling activities. Fishing in each microhabitat with “Sibu†fishing gear. The size distribution of cardinal Banggai fish is in the range of 2.7 - 9.2 cm. The size of the male Banggai Cardinal fish is in the range of 3.8 - 9.2, while the female is in the range of 3.7 - 8.1 cm. The size of fish in symbiosis with anemones is in the range of 2.7 - 7.1 cm, while those in sea urchins are in the range of 4.8 - 9.2 cm.Keywords: Size Distribution; Banggai Cardinal fish; morphological charactersAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran ukuran dan karakter morfologi ikan banggai kardinal di perairan Desa Dudepo, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan. Pengambilan data lapangan menggunakan metode survei jelajah dengan kegiatan penyelaman dan snorkling. Penangkapan ikan di setiap mikrohabitat, dengan alat tangkap “Sibuâ€. Sebaran ukuran ikan banggai kardinal berada pada kisaran 2,7 - 9,2 cm. Ukuran ikan banggai kardinal jantan berada pada kisaran 3,8 - 9,2, sedangkan betina berada pada kisaran 3,7 - 8,1 cm. Ukuran ikan yang bersimbiosis dengan anemon berada pada kisaran 2,7 - 7,1 cm, sementara yang berada di bulu babi berkisar 4,8 - 9,2 cm
Food Habits of Lencam Lethrinu Food Habits of Lencam Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato, 1978 (Fish: Lethrinidae)
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the type and composition of food contained in the stomach of the Spotchheek emperor Lethrinus rubrioperculatus in Napo Keluar Nain Likupang waters based on sex and body size. Samples were taken from the catch of fishermen and then the fish samples were then taken to the laboratory for data collection. The method used to determine the composition of fish food used the Index of preponderance (IP). The results showed that the food habits of Spotchheek emperor in Napo Luar Nain Likupang waters with the types of food contained in the stomach of Spotchheek emperor, namely fish, shrimp, gastropods, Polychaeta, crabs (megalopa), and octopus where the main food of Spotchheek emperor is IP fish (94,16%). While the main food based on sex and length of body size is fish, with male IP 96.98% and female 91.15% respectively, while based on body length of Spotchheek emperor where small IP 91.06%, medium IP 98.45% and large IP 82.22%.
Keywords: Food, Likupang, preponderance
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis dan komposisi makanan yang terdapat dalam lambung ikan lencam Lethrinus rubrioperculatus di Napo Keluar Nain Perairan Likupang berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan ukuran tubuh. Sampel diambil dari hasil tangkapan nelayan kemudian sampel ikan selanjutnya dibawah ke Labolatorium untuk pengambilan data. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui komposisi makanan ikan digunakan indeks bagian terbesar (IBT). Metode ini digunakan untuk menilai bermacam-macam jenis makanan ikan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kebiasaan makanan ikan lencam di Napo Keluar Nain Perairan Likupang dengan jenis makanan yang terdapat dalam lambung ikan lencam yaitu ikan, udang, gastropoda, polychaeta, kepiting (megalopa) dan octopus di mana makanan utama dari ikan lencam adalah ikan IBT (94,16%). Sedangkan makanan utama berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan panjang ukuran tubuh yaitu ikan, dengan masing-masing IBT jantan 96,07% dan betina 91,15% sedangkan berdasarkan panjang ukuran tubuh ikan lencam IBT kecil 91,98%, sedang 98,45% dan besar 82,22%.
Kata kunci: Makanan, Likupang, Indeks Bagian Terbesar
Coral Covers and the Abundance of Reef Fish in Community Base Management Marine Protected Area (CBM-MPA) Bahoi Village North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Get PDFIn the last few decades, coral reef ecosystem has been under significant pressure due to anthropogenic impacts and naturally driven factors. The coral reef ecosystem is unique because it has very high biodiversity and many organisms depend on its existence. Every organism in a coral reef ecosystem uniquely contributes to how coral reef communities survive and function. However, coral reef ecosystems are also vulnerable to pressures that cause degradation, interfering with the ecosystem balance. This study aims to monitor the ecological condition of coral reefs and the abundance of reef fish to see how the MPA program in Bahoi village helps the coral reef ecosystem from degradation. The data was collected using Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method, which was drawn 70 meters transect line horizontally at a depth of 3-5 meters. The same transect line was also used to collect data about reef fish by using a Visual Census. The observation distance length is 2.5 meters to the left and right of the transect line. Results of the study showed that the coral cover of MPA Bahoi Village is in the Fair category and the abundance of reef fish in the MPA area is in the Moderate category.
Keywords: Coral Cover; Coral Reef; Marine Protected Area (MPA); Monitoring; Reef Fish
Antibacterial Activity and Zoochemical Analysis of Sea Urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) Extract From Aertembaga Waters, Bitung City
Get PDFSea urchin is one of the marine biotas that produce bioactive compounds and has biological activity, one of which is antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the crude extract of D. setosum gonad and its fractionation against test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and to conduct a zoochemical analysis to determine the content of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial test used the disc diffusion method while the chemical analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results showed that the methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fraction had antibacterial activity against the two test bacteria. The ethyl acetate fraction was the fraction that showed the highest antibacterial activity, its inhibition zone was 8 mm against S. aureus and 7,5 mm against E. coli. The zoochemical analyses of the ethyl acetate fraction from gonads extract showed positive results for alkaloid compound, phenolic, and saponinKeywords: Sea urchin Gonad, Antibacterial, Disc diffusion, Zoochemistry, ExtractionAbstrakBulu babi merupakan salah satu biota laut yang memproduksi senyawa bioaktif dan memiliki aktivitas biologis salah satunya adalah antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak kasar gonad bulu babi D. setosum dan hasil fraksinasi terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli serta melakukan analisis zookimia untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa bioaktif. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram sedangkan analisis kimia dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan baik fraksi metanol, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi n-heksana memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap kedua bakteri uji. Fraksi etil asetat merupakan fraksi yang memperoleh aktivitas antibakteri tebaik dengan diameter zona hambat 8 mm terhadap bakteri S.aureus dan 7,5 mm terhadap bakteri E. coli. Hasil uji zookimia fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak gonad D. setosum mengandung senyawa dari golongan alkaloid, fenolik, dan saponin.Kata kunci : Gonad Bulu Babi (D. setosum ), Antibakteri, difusi cakram, Zookimia, Ekstraks
Acanthuridae in Bitunuris Waters Talaud Islands
Get PDF This study aims to determine the species of fish from the Acanthuridae family in Bitunuris Village, Salibabu Island, Talaud Islands Regency. Fish samples were caught using monofilament gill nets with a mesh size of 1.5 inches, net length of 15 m, and net height of 2 m. Sampling was carried out in April and May 2021. A total of 63 individuals were caught consisting of nine species. Acanthurus nigrofuscus 40 individuals, 10.0-17.0 cm in length and 18-77 g in weight. Acanthurus lineatus three individuals, 9.4-17.7 cm in length and 17-96 g in weight. Acanthurus triostegus is seven individuals, 9.3-12.4 cm in length, and weighs 21-55 g. Acanthurus nigricans two individuals each measuring 13.9-13.9 cm in length and weighing 67-70 g each. One individual Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus, a total length of 10.3 cm, and weight of 29 g. Naso lituratus four individuals, length 15.1-17.7 cm and weight ranging from 68-115 g. Naso brevirostris one individual measuring 23.0 cm in length and weighing 186 g. One individual Naso brachycentron, 24.5 cm in length and 172 g in weight. Zebrasoma scopas four individuals, 12.1-15.8 cm in length and weighing 54-105 g.Keywords: Species, gill nets.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies ikan Famili Acanthuridae di Desa Bitunuris Pulau Salibabu Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Sampel ikan ditangkap menggunakan jaring insang monofilamen dengan ukuran mata jaring 1,5 inci, panjang jaring 15 m, tinggi jaring 2 m. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada April dan Mei 2021. Sebanyak 63 individu yang tertangkap terdiri atas sembilan spesies. Acanthurus nigrofuscus 40 individu, panjang berkisaran 10,0-17,0 cm dan berat 18-77 g.  Acanthurus lineatus tiga individu, panjang berkisaran 9,4-17,7 cm berat berkisaran 17-96 g. Acanthurus triostegus tuju individu, panjang 9,3-12,4 cm dan berat berkisaran antara 21-55 g. Acanthurus nigricans dua individu masing-masing ukuran panjang 13,9-13,9 cm berat masing-masing ukuran 67-70 g. Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus satu individu, panjang total 10,3 cm dan berat 29 g. Naso lituratus empat individu, ukuran panjang 15,1-17,7 cm berat berkisaran 68-115 g.  Naso brevirostris satu individu ukuran panjang 23,0 cm memiliki berat 186 g.  Naso brachycentron satu individu, panjang 24,5 cm dan berat 172 g. Zebrasoma scopas empat individu, panjang 12,1-15,8 cm dan berat 54-105 g.Kata Kunci: Spesies, jaring insang