Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX
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Antifungal Potential Of The Sponge Styllisa Flabelliformis Against The Pathogenic And Resistant Aspergillus Fungi
Get PDFTogether with bacterial and viral infection, fungal infection represents the world's top ten killer diseases, desperately requiring new antifungal drugs. This research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the sponge Styllisa flabelliformis against the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by the standard agar diffusion technique. Three concentrations (1, 10, and 10 mg/mL) for the extract and 0.5 mg/mL for ketoconazole and fluconazole were prepared and evaluated in triplicate against the tested fungi. Whereas ketoconazole poorly inhibited A. parasiticus and fluconazole weakly inhibited A. flavus, the extract of S. flabelliformis exerted antifungal activity against A. parasiticus (6.8 ± 1.8; 8.3 ± 3.2; and 9.5 ± 2.1) mm and A. flavus (6.8 ± 1.1; 11.5 ± 1.4; and 14.3 ± 1.1) mm 1, 10 and 100 mg/mL respectively. PASS analysis showed jasplakinolide as a promising antifungal agent with potential activity (Pa) of 0.736. STITCH analysis further confirmed that jasplakinolide worked by inhibiting the expression of cytoskeleton genes that prevented fungi from synthesizing chitin and inhibiting the formation of the fungi’s cell walls and hyphae, different from the ergosterol synthesis inhibition in ketoconazole and fluconazole, implying the potential of jasplakinolide as an antifungal agent
Morphometrics and Meristics of Lemuru Fish Sardinella lemuru Bleeker, 1853 landed at TPI Aertembaga Bitung City
Get PDFThe morphometric and meristic study of the lemuru Sardinella lemuru landed at TPI Aertembaga, Bitung City aims to examine the ratio and proportion ratio between the total length and other morphometric parameters, the correlation index of growth patterns, the correlation index of closeness and correlation, determining the caudal fin ratio and determining its meristic character. The research was conducted in February-June 2023 and used a quantitative descriptive method. Of the 100 lemuru fish observed, there were 35 males with a total length between 13,184-15,589 cm and 65 females which were longer between 12,083-16,420 cm. The growth pattern of lemuru both male and female is positively allometric dominant with the lowest correlation index r (closeness) in the relationship of eye diameter to the total length of the male fish, namely r = 0.01 (very weak) and the highest in the standard length relationship to the total length of the female fish, namely r = 0.97 (very strong). The highest percentage ratio of other size parameters and total length was for the fork length of the male fish, which was 91.1% and the lowest was for the diameter of the female's eye, 4.2%. The tail fin aspect ratio of female fish is greater than male fish with a value of 1.61 for females and 1.57 for males. The meristics of the male lemuru are D 13-18, P 13-18, V 5-8, A 15-23 and C 17-25 and the females are D 13-18, P 12-18, V 6-9, A 13- 26 and C 15-28.
Keywords: total length, small pelagic, growth status
Abstrak
Penelitian mengenai morfometrik dan meristik ikan lemuru Sardinella lemuru yang didaratkan di TPI Aertembaga Kota Bitung bertujuan untuk mengkaji rasio serta persentase rasio antara panjang total dan paramter morfometrik lainnya, indeks korelasi pola pertumbuhan, indeks keeratan hubungan korelasi dan, menentukan ratio sirip ekor serta menentukan karakter meristiknya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juni 2023 dan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Dari 100 individu ikan lemuru yang diamati ada 35 individu jantan dengan panjang total selang 13,184-15,589 cm dan 65 individu betina yang lebih panjang selang 12,083-16,420 cm. Pola pertumbuhan ikan lemuru baik jantan dan betina dominan allometrik positif dengan indeks korelasi r (keeratan) terendah pada hubungan diameter mata terhadap panjang total ikan jantan yakni r = 0,01 (sangat lemah) dan tertinggi pada hubungan panjang standar terhadap panjang total ikan betina yakni r = 0,97 (sangat kuat). Persentase rasio parameter ukuran lain dan panjang total tertinggi pada panjang garpu ikan jantan yakni 91,1 % dan terendah pada diameter mata betina 4,2 %. Aspek rasio sirip ekor lebih besar ikan betina daripada ikan jantan dengan nilai 1,61 pada betina dan 1,57 pada ikan jantan. Meristik ikan lemuru jantan yakni D 13-18, P 13-18, V 5-8, A 15-23 dan C 17-25 serta betina yakni D 13-18, P 12-18, V 6-9, A 13-26 dan C 15-28.
Kata kunci: panjang total, pelagis kecil, status pertumbuhan
The chaetodontidae coral fish in the waters of Poopoh Village, Tombariri District
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the number of species, number of individuals, density, and community structure of the Chaetodontidae. The study was conducted in the waters of Poopoh Village, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, at Poopoh Cape, which is located within the conservation area of Bunaken National Park, South Zone, marine protected zone. Data collection was conducted at depths of 3 and 10 meters. At each depth, 2 transects were placed, each with a length of 25 meters, using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method with an observation area of 125 m².
The results of the study showed that the Chaetodontidae fish was found, consisting of 4 genera, namely Chaetodon, Forcipiger, Heniochus, and Hemitaurichthys, with 18 species and 598 individuals. A higher number of species was found at 3 meters depth. One of the most frequently encountered species was Hemitaurichthy polylepis, with a density of 0.442 individuals per square meter. Based on the data analysis, the species diversity index (H') at 3 meters depth was classified as high, while at 10 meters depth, it was classified as low. This result is consistent with the evenness index (J'), which indicates that the 3-meter depth has a more stable community compared to the 10-meter depth. On the other hand, the dominance index (D) shows the opposite trend, with a higher species dominance level at a depth of 10 meters.
Keywords: Chaetodontidae, Indicator fish, poopoh village
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah spesies, jumlah individu, kepadatan, dan struktur komunitas Chaetodontidae. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Desa Poopoh, Kecamatan Tombariri, Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara di Tanjung Poopoh, yang terletak di dalam kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Bunaken, bagian Selatan, zona perlindungan bahari. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada kedalaman 3 dan 10 meter. Pada setiap kedalaman diletakkan 2 transek, masing-masing dengan panjang 25 m dengan menggunakan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC) dengan luas pengamatan sebesar 125 m2.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa famili ikan Chaetodontidae yang ditemukan di perairan Desa Poopoh, Kecamatan Tombariri, terdiri dari 4 (empat) genus, yaitu Chaetodon, Forcipiger, Heniochus, dan Hemitaurichthys dengan 18 spesies dan 598 individu. Jumlah spesies yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada kedalaman 3 m. Salah satu spesies yang paling sering ditemukan adalah Hemitaurichthy polylepis, dengan kepadatan 0,442 individu per meter persegi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, indeks keanekaragaman spesies (H') pada kedalaman 3 m tergolong tinggi, sedangkan pada kedalaman 10 m tergolong rendah. Hasil ini konsisten dengan indeks keseimbangan (J'), yang menunjukkan bahwa kedalaman 3 m memiliki komunitas yang lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan kedalaman 10 m. Di sisi lain, indeks dominansi (D) menunjukkan kecenderungan yang berlawanan, dengan tingkat dominansi spesies yang lebih tinggi pada kedalaman 10 m.
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Kata kunci: Chaetodontidae, ikan indikator, Desa Poopo
Analysis of fishing season for tuna (Thunnus spp.), little tuna (Euthynnus sp.) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) in FMA 716
Get PDFEconomically important pelagic fish species in FMA 716 include skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), tuna (Thunnus spp.) and frigate tuna (Euthynnus sp.), these pelagic fish species are caught intensively. This study aims to provide information on the appropriate season for catching tuna, skipjack and tuna in FMA 716. The results of the study show the pattern of the tuna, skipjack and frigate tuna (TCT) fishing season based on the catches landed in PPS Bitung and PPP Tumumpa with fishing areas in FMA 716, i.e. the results vary every year but the peak of the fishing season occurs in the eastern transitional season. West - September, October and November. Peak fishing season for skipjack and tuna occurs three times and frigate tuna 2 times in 5 years.
Keywords: catching season, Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus spp and Euthynnus sp,FMA 716
Abstrak:
Jenis ikan pelagis ekonomis penting di WPP 716 antara lain adalah cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis), tuna (Thunnus spp.) dan tongkol (Euthynnus sp.), jenis – jenis ikan pelagis tersebut ditangkap secara intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi musim yang tepat untuk melakukan penangkapan ikan tuna, cakalang dan tongkol di WPP 716. Hasil penelitian menujukan pola musim penangkapan ikan Tuna, Cakalang dan Tongkol (TCT) berdasarkan hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan di PPS Bitung dan PPP Tumumpa dengan wilayah penangkapan di WPP 716 yaitu hasilnya bervariasi setiap tahunnya tetapi yang terbanyak puncak musim penagkapan ikan terjadi pada musim masa peralihan timur-barat yaitu bulan September, Oktober dan November. Puncak musim penangkapan ikan cakalang dan tuna terjadi sebanyak tiga kali dan ikan tongkol 2 kali dalam 5 tahun.
Kata kunci : Musim penangkapan ikan tuna, tongkol dan cakalang, WPP 71
Biodiversity and Ecological Structure of Mangrove in Coastal Waters of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency
Get PDFThe existence and sustainability of mangrove forests have a significant role in the environment and communities around the coast. Mangrove ecosystems also have complex systems including plant and animal organisms that interact with one another and play an essential role in maintaining and protecting the coastline. This research was conducted to analyze the potential for the regeneration of mangrove seedlings in the coastal area of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency. Data collection was carried out using the belt transect method. Analysis of species composition and structure of mangrove vegetation used analysis of species density, relative density, species frequency, relative frequency, and important value index. A total of seven mangrove species were found in the coastal area of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency, consisting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Lumnitzera racemoza. Bruguiera gymnorrizha species had the highest density, frequency, and dominance values, while the lowest relative dominance and dominance were found in Lumnitzera racemoza. The highest IVI tree level values were Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Mangrove forests in this area are still in natural condition, and the existence of mangrove ecosystems supports the lives of people around the island.
Keywords: Coastal waters; Mangrove Ecosystem; Type Dominance; Important Value Value Index
Abstrak
Keberadaan dan kelestarian hutan mangrove mempunyai peran yang signifikan bagi lingkungan dan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar pesisir. Ekosistem mangrove juga memiliki sistem yang kompleks meliputi organisme tumbuhan dan hewan yang saling berinteraksi satu dengan yang lain, dan memegang peranan penting dalam menjaga dan melindungi garis pantai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas mangrove di Perairan Kampung Dafi Kabupaten Biak Numfor.Pengumpulan data ekosistem mangrove dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode belt transek. Analisis komposisi jenis dan struktur vegetasi mangrove menggunakan analisis kerapatan jenis, kerapatan relatif, frekuensi jenis, frekuensi relatif, dan indeks nilai penting. Total tujuh jenis mangrove ditemukan di Pesisir Kampung Dafi Kabupaten Biak Numfor yang terdiri atas jenis Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops Tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora Stylosa, dan Lumnitzera racemoza. Jenis Bruguiera gymnorrizha memiliki nilai kerapatan, Frekuensi dan dominansi tertinggi, sedangkan dominansi jenis dan dominansi relatif terendah pada mangrove jenis Lumnitzera racemoza. Nilai INP tingkat pohon yang paling tinggi adalah Ceriops tagal dan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Hutan mangrove pada kawasan ini masih berada dalam kondisi alami, dan keberadaan ekosistem mangrove menjadi penopang bagi kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar pulau.
Kata kunci: Pesisir; Ekosistem Mangrove; Dominansi Jenis; Indeks Nilai Pentin
Preliminary Study of Reproduction of Dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 which exploited in the Maluku Sea, Eastern of North Sulawesi
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the sex ratio, gonad maturity level, gonad maturity index, and fecundity of dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus. Samples were obtained from the catches of fishermen who landed in Kalinaun Village. Fish and gonadal weight were measured with a digital scale with an accuracy of 0,1 gram and fork length was measured to an accuracy of 0.1 cm. Samples obtained were 60 individuals, 16 males with a size range of 40.5-57.4 cm and 44 females with a size range of 42.9-72.6 cm. The sex ratio of males and females was 1:2.75. The level of gonadal maturity of all samples was level II (developing) III (maturation) and IV (mature) for both males and females, level I (undeveloped) and V (saline) were not found. The gonadal maturity level was dominated by maturity level III (maturation) every month, except June when level IV for males was dominated. The gonadal maturity index value of developing (level II) was 0.79 ± 0.37, level III was 3.62 ± 1.33 and level IV was 4.66 ± 0.65 for females. Level II 0.28 ±0.18, level III 0.47 ±0.16 and level IV 0.63 ±0.06 for male. Fecundity ranged from 28,313-554,023 with an average of 229,839 ±139,967.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nisbah kelamin, tingkat tematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad dan fekunditas ikan lemadang Coryphaena hippurus. Sampel diambil dari tangkapan nelayan yang didaratkan di Desa Kalinaun. Berat ikan diukur dengan timbangan digital berketelitian 0,1 gram dan Panjang cagak diukur sampai ketelitian 0,1 cm. Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 60 individu, jantan 16 individu dengan kisaran ukuran 40,5-57,4 cm dan betina 44 individu dengan kisaran ukuran 42,9-72,6 cm. Perbandingan kelamin jantan dan betina adalah 1:2,75. Tingkat kematangan gonad dari seluruh sampel adalah tingkat kematangan II (berkembang) III (pematangan) dan IV (matang) baik jantan maupun betina, tingkat kematangan I (belum berkembang) dan V(salin) tidak ditemukan. Tingkat kematangan gonad didominasi tingkat kematangan III (pematangan) setiap bulan, kecuali bulan Juni didiminasi TKG IV untuk jantan. Nilai IKG betina TKG II 0,79 ±0,37, TKG III 3,62 ±1,33 dan TKG IV 4,66 ±0,65. Ikan jantan TKG II 0,28 ±0,18, TKG III 0,47 ±0,16 dan TKG IV 0,63 ±0,06. Fekunditas berkisar 28.313-554.023 dengan rata-rata 229.839 ±139.967
Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Gracilaria verrucosa from North Sulawesi Waters
Get PDFThe research aims to determine the phytochemical content such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids found in the seaweed G. verrucosa. Seaweed G. verrucosa taken from the waters of North Sulawesi, Nain Village, North Minahasa, was extracted by maceration for 24 hours at room temperature, repeated 3 times using 96% ethanol solvent. The analysis in this study consisted of seven test parameters such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids. The results of the analysis showed that the secondary metabolites of G. verrucosa contained phytochemical compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and alkaloids, and no triterpenoid compounds were found. It was concluded that G. verrucosa which grows in the waters of North Sulawesi, Nain Village, can function as functional food, and medicine because it has natural bioactive compounds.
Keywords: Phytochemical content, Gracilaria verrucosa, secondary metabolites
Abstrak
Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kandungan fitokimia seperti fenol, flavanoid, tanin, saponin, alkaloid, steroid, dan triterpenoid yang terdapat pada rumput laut G. verrucosa. Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang umum terdapat pada tanaman adalah senyawa terpenoid, alkaloid, fenolik, streroid, saponin, tannin. Rumput laut G. verrucosa yang di ambil dari perairan Sulawesi Utara Desa Nain Minahasa Utara di ekstraksi dengan cara maserasi selama 24 jam pada suhu ruang di ulangi sebanyak 3 kali menggunakan pelarut etanol 96 %. Analisis pada penelitian ini terdiri dari tujuh parameter pengujian seperti senyawa fenol, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid dan alkaloid. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa kandungan metabolit sekunder dari G. verrucosa mengandung senyawa fitokimia seperti fenol, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, alkaloid dan tidak ditemukan adanya senyawa triterpenoid. Hal ini disimpulkan bahwa G. verrucosa yang tumbuh di perairan Sulawesi utara Desa Nain dapat berfungsi sebagai pangan fungsional, obat-obatan karena memiliki senyawa bioaktif alami.
Kata kunci: Kandungan fitokimia, Gracilaria verrucosa, metabolit sekunder
Phytoplankton Community Structure in Seagrass Beds of Nain Island Waters
Get PDFThis study aims to identify phytoplankton species, calculate phytoplankton abundance, diversity index, uniformity index, phytoplankton dominance index, and determine environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, salinity, nitrate, and phosphate in the seagrass ecosystem of Nain Island Waters. Sampling includes seawater for the needs of phytoplankton identification measurement of nitrate and phosphate levels and measurement of water parameters in situ. Phytoplankton sampling is done horizontally using a plankton net. Phytoplankton identification found in the seagrass ecosystem of Nain Island Waters consisted of four classes, namely Bacillariophyceae (Rhizosolenia sp.; Nitzschia sp.; Chaetoceros sp.; Navicula sp.; Eucampi sp.; Pleurosigma sp.; Thalassionema sp.; Melosira sp.), Dinophyceae (Ceratium sp.; Protoperidinium sp.), Chlorophyceae (Spirogyra sp.), and Euglenophyceae (Euglena sp.). The calculation of phytoplankton abundance is in the range of 9 - 51 cells/l. The highest abundance was found at station one which was 51 cells/l, then station three which was 21 cells/l, and station two which was 9 cells//I. The diversity index is in the range of 0.8749 - 1.8668 which means there is community instability. The uniformity index is in the range of 0.2226 - 0.8460, while the dominance index is in the range of 0.2060 - 0.6093, this indicates that the water conditions are stable. Environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, pH, nitrate, and phosphate) in the seagrass ecosystem of Nain Island Waters are still quite good for phytoplankton growth.
Keywords: Phytoplankton, Seagrass, Nain Island, Abundance, Biological Index
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi jenis-jenis fitoplankton, menghitung kelimpahan fitoplankton, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, indeks dominasi fitoplankton dan mengetahui kondisi lingkungan seperti suhu, pH, salinitas, nitrat, dan fosfat di ekosistem padang lamun Perairan Pulau Nain. Pengambilan sampel meliputi air laut untuk kebutuhan identifikasi fitoplankton dan pengukuran kadar nitrat dan fosfat perairan serta pengukuran parameter perairan secara In situ. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan secara horizontal dengan menggunakan plankton net. Fitoplankton yang ditemukan terdiri dari empat kelas yaitu Bacillariophyceae (Rhizosolenia sp. Nitzschia sp. Chaetoceros sp. Navicula sp. Eucampi sp. Pleurosigma sp. Thalassionema sp. Thalassionema sp. Melosira sp.), Dinophyceae (Ceratium sp. Protoperidinium sp.), Chlorophyceae (Spirogyra sp), dan Euglenophyceae (Euglena sp). Hasil perhitungan kelimpahan fitoplankton berada di kisaran 9 - 51 sel/l. Kelimpahan tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun satu yaitu 51 sel/l, kemudian stasiun tiga yaitu 21 sel/l dan stasiun dua yaitu 9 sel/I. Indeks keanekaragaman berada pada kisaran 0,8749 - 1,8668 yang berarti adanya ketidakstabilan komunitas. Indeks keseragaman yaitu pada kisaran 0,2226 - 0,8460, sedangkan indeks dominasi berada pada kisaran 0,2060 - 0,6093, hal ini menunjukkan kondisi perairan dalam keadaan stabil. Kondisi lingkungan (suhu, salinitas, pH, nitrat dan fosfat) di ekosistem padang lamun Perairan Pulau Nain masih cukup baik untuk pertumbuhan fitoplankton.
Kata kunci: Fitoplankton, Padang Lamun, Pulau Nain, Kelimpahan, Indeks Biolog
Community structure and distribution of Gastropoda in the intertidal area of the Waleo districts coast north Minahasa
Get PDFThis research is to know community structure and gastropod distribution include species density (individual/m2), relative density (%), diversity indices (H’), Evenness indices (E), Richness indices (R), Dominance indices (D) and Dispersion indices (Id).This inestigation was carried out February 2020 in intertidal area, Waleo beach in Minahasa Northern. Quadrat transect placed via area sampling based on substrate difference. Placing quadrat transect was centr on three points that different with distance with point 100 m and distance between quadran 10 m with size quadrat 50 cm2. Based on this research was find 22 species include Cypraea tigris, Terebra areolata, Cymbiola nivosa oblita, Euplica borealis, Turbo argyrostomus, Cypraea moneta, Conus cumingii, Cypraea errones, Tectus fenestrats, Nerita ascensionis, Nerita exuvi, Nerita albicilla, Nerita polita, Nerita Picea, Vasum turbinellus, Lunella cinerea, Nassarius globosus, Nassarius pullus, Vexillum acupictum, Clypeomorus pellucida, Vexillum ebenus, Terebralia sulcata. Five order include Neogastropoda, Littorinimorpha, Cycloneritida, Caenogastropoda, Trochida. Analysis result to species density is the highest 0,40 (individual/m2),relative density, Nerita polita 12,63 %, index of diversity,H’= 3,…, index of evenness, E = 0,97, index of richness, R = 0,22 and index of dominance, range D =0,13-0,18 concluded that no species dominantly. Gastropoda distribution pattern in intertidal area based 3 stations that showed all pattern of clumed distribution.
Keywords: Gastropoda, Intertidal, density, spread pattern
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan pola penyebaran gastropoda meliputi Kepadatan spesies (Ind/m2), Kepadatan Relatif (%),Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’), Indeks Keseragaman (E), Indeks Kekayaan spesies (R), Indeks Dominansi (D), dan indeks Sebaran. Penelitian ini di lakukan pada bulan februari 2020 yang berlokasi di daerah intertidal pantai Waleo Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Penempatan transek kuadran di tentukan melalui teknik area sampling berdasarkan perbedaan substrat, penempatan transek dan kuadran di pusatkan di tiga titik yang berbeda-beda dengan jarak antara titik 100m dan jarak antara kuadran 10m dengan ukuran kuadran 50x50cm. Dari hasil penelitiaan di temukan 22 spesis meliputi Cypraea tigris, Terebra areolata, Cymbiola nivosa oblita, Euplica borealis, Turbo argyrostomus, Cypraea moneta, Conus cumingii, Cypraea errones, Tectus fenestrats, Nerita ascensionis, Nerita exuvi, Nerita albicilla, Nerita polita, Nerita Picea, Vasum turbinellus, Lunella cinerea, Nassarius globosus, Nassarius pullus, Vexillum acupictum, Clypeomorus pellucida, Vexillum ebenus, Terebralia sulcata. Dan 5 ordo Neogastropoda, Littorinimorpha, Cycloneritida, Caenogastropoda, Trochida. Hasil analisis terhadap kepadatan spesis nilai tertinggi terdapat pada spesis N.polita sebesar 0,40 Ind/m² dan kepadatan realtif tertinggi juga terdapat pada spesis N.polita sebesar 12,63 %, nilai indeka keanekaragaman H’= 9,49 yang merupakan kategori tinggi, nilai dari indeks keseragaman secara keseluruhan (E)=0,97 dalam kondisi , dan nilai indeks kekayaan spesis yaitu 0,22, indeks Dominansi (D) = 0,13 – 0,18 disimpulkan tidak ada yang mendominasi, Pola sebaran gastropoda di daerah intertidal dari ketiga stasiun menunjukan pola sebaran secara mengelompok. Wilayah pantai Waleo Kabupaten Minahasa Utara memiliki suhu 31,3ºC. Derajat keasaman pH yang di peroleh yaitu 7 Salinitas yang di peroleh sebesar 34‰ yang masih dalam kisaran baik untuk gastropoda.
Kata kunci : Gastropoda, intertidal, kepadatan, pola sebara
Effect Of Lead Acetate (Pb(Ch3coo)2) On The Growth Of Marine Microalgae Porphyridium cruentum
Get PDFMicroalgae are a group of phytoplankton that live in waters and in damp places; Microscopic in size and can only be seen with a microscope. The stages of microalgae growth are started with the lag phase, the exponential phase, the growth rate decreasing phase, the stationary phase, and the death phase. Porphyridium cruentum is a single-celled microalgae, belonging to the class Rhodophyceae, free-living or in colonies bound in mucilago.
The purpose of this study was to observe the growth of the marine microalgae Porphyridium cruentum in culture media treated with lead acetate at different concentrations, namely 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 80 ppm, and control. Observation of cell growth was carried out by counting the number of cells every day, at the same time until Porphyridum cruentum entered the death phase. The cell density of Porphyridium cruentum marine microalgae showed a good growth pattern where until day 11 the average number of microalgae cells was 9.8 x104. Furthermore, the culture media was treated with lead acetate in different concentrations. Cell density with lead acetate treatment can affect the growth of Porphyridium cruentum.
Keywords : Microalgae; Porphyridium cruentum; Lead Acetate
Abstrak
Mikroalga adalah kelompok fitoplankton yang hidup di perairan dan di tempat yang lembab; berukuran mikroskopis dan hanya bisa dilihat menggunakan mikroskop. Tahapan pertumbuhan mikroalga adalah dimulai dari fase lag, fase eksponensial, fase penurunan laju pertumbuhan, fase stasioner dan fase kematian. Porphyridium cruentum merupakan mikroalga bersel tunggal, termasuk kelas Rhodophyceae, hidup bebas atau berkoloni yang terikat dalam mucilago.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengamati pertumbuhan dari mikroalga laut Porphyridium cruentum pada media kultur dengan perlakuan timbal asetat pada konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 80 ppm dan kontrol. Pengamatan pertumbuhan sel dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah sel setiap hari, pada waktu yang sama sampai Porphyridum cruentum memasuki fase kematian. Kepadatan sel mikroalga laut Porphyridium cruentum menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan yang baik dimana sampai hari ke 11 jumlah rata-rata sel mikroalga 9,8 x104. Selanjutnya media kultur diberi perlakuan timbal asetat dengan konsentrasi berbeda. Kepadatan sel dengan perlakuan timbal asetat dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan Porphyridium cruentum.
Kata kunci: Mikroalga; Porphyridium cruentum; Timbal Aseta