BIOLINK : Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri dan Kesehatan
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE AND GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES IN ROCK MINING OPERATIONS IN BONE BOLANGO REGENCY
No full textRock mining plays an important role in supporting regional infrastructure development in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. However, quarry expansion also poses environmental risks that require proper management and supervision. This study evaluates the implementation of environmental management at three active rock mining sites. A mixed-methods approach was applied, integrating field observations, interviews, document analysis, and ambient air quality monitoring to assess compliance with UKL-UPL requirements. The results indicate that environmental management implementation remains inadequate. Major issues include weak erosion and sediment control, limited dust suppression, insufficient waste management, and inconsistent environmental monitoring, despite the availability of formal management documents. Air quality measurements at AF-01, AF-02, and AF-03 show spatial variation in particulate concentrations, influenced by mining intensity and local climatic conditions. Although all values are below national ambient air quality standards, field observations reveal localized dust accumulation, indicating insufficient on-site mitigation. Governance challenges further constrain the application of Good Mining Practices, including limited enforcement capacity, the absence of certified KTT/PJO personnel, and weak inter-institutional coordination. Local communities also reported disturbances related to dust, noise, and truck traffic. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for stronger regulatory oversight, improved technical capacity, and participatory monitoring to support adaptive and sustainable mining management
EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND FREQUENCY VARIATIONS ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATES AGAINST Salmonella typhi
No full textSalmonella typhi is a negative Gram bacteria that causes typhoid fever and requires alternative therapeutic approaches due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Actinomycetes are known as producers of secondary metabolites with high, stable, and adaptive antibacterial activity; however, their effectiveness is strongly influenced by the extraction method of bioactive compounds. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) has the potential to enhance extraction efficiency through cavitation effects and frequency variation, which has not been widely explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of different UAE frequencies (30 kHz, 40 kHz, and 50 kHz) on the ability of Actinomycetes isolates to inhibit the growth of S. typhi. Extraction was performed using UAE at three different frequencies. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the well diffusion method on Nutrient Agar medium. The diameter of inhibition zones was measured using a digital caliper and analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. The mean inhibition zone diameters at 30 kHz, 40 kHz, and 50 kHz were 4.42 mm, 4.00 mm, and 5.76 mm, respectively. Based on the Davis and Stout classification, the 30 kHz and 40 kHz treatments were categorized as weak (<5 mm), whereas 50 kHz was classified as moderate (5–10 mm). Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among treatment groups (p < 0.05). These differences affected the effectiveness of Actinomycetes in inhibiting the growth of S. typhi. The 50 kHz frequency exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with the largest inhibition zone diameter indicating optimal efficiency in the release of secondary metabolite compounds
NANOEMULSION-BASED BIOPESTICIDE FROM LEMONGRASS, GARLIC, AND CIGARETTE BUTTS FOR CONTROLLING Fusarium WILT IN PATCHOULI (Pogostemon Cablin)
No full textDiseases of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) caused by fungal pathogens are a major constraint to crop productivity and oil quality, highlighting the need for effective and environmentally friendly control strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, antifungal activity, and in vivo effectiveness of fermented biopesticide formulations derived from garlic (Allium sativum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and cigarette butts. The research consisted of formulation and fermentation using EM4, analysis of physicochemical properties, in vitro antifungal assays against two fungal pathogens at different concentrations, and in vivo evaluation of disease incidence and plant growth. The results showed that fermentation significantly reduced pH, indicating active microbial metabolism. In vitro tests demonstrated that both formulation type and concentration significantly affected mycelial growth inhibition, with formulations F1 and F2 exhibiting the highest antifungal activity and near-complete inhibition at higher concentrations. In vivo application confirmed these results, as F1 and F2 significantly reduced disease incidence and improved plant growth compared to the control. In conclusion, fermented biopesticide formulations, particularly F1 and F2, have strong potential as effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for managing patchouli diseases and supporting sustainable agriculture
DIVERSITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN KARO REGENCY: BOTANICAL INVENTORY AND SUSTAINABLE USE POTENTIAL
No full textThis study aims to document the diversity and morphological traits of ornamental plants in Karo Regency and assess their potential for sustainable use. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, field surveys at Brastagi were conducted at 8 days, morphological observations, and semi-structured interviews with local communities and experts were held with 10 keys conducted. Sixteen ornamental species from 12 families were identified, including terrestrial and epiphytic orchids, ferns, and flowering plants such as Begonia laruei and Ixora javanica. These species are found at elevations of 920–1,000 meters within montane tropical rainforest habitats characterized by high humidity and limited light. Morphological adaptations indicate resilience to these specific conditions. Production data indicate the important economic role of ornamental plant cultivation in Karo Regency. Chrysanthemum, rose, and tuberose are the most widely cultivated species. This reflects their socioeconomic relevance. The integration of botanical and ethnobotanical data provides essential baseline information supporting biodiversity conservation and sustainable horticulture development. This research contributes valuable insights supporting conservation planning and community-based sustainable development in North Sumatra
EXPLORATION OF INDIGENOUS ENDOPHYTIC ACTINOBACTERIA AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST STEWART’S WILT (Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii) AND THEIR ROLE IN ENHANCING MAIZE GROWTH AND YIELD
No full textStewart’s wilt disease in maize is caused by the seed-borne bacterium Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. The use of actinobacteria as biological control agents represents an environmentally friendly alternative for disease management, as these microorganisms can produce antagonistic secondary metabolites against plant pathogens. This study aimed to identify the best indigenous actinobacterial isolate for controlling Stewart’s wilt disease and improving the growth and yield of sweet corn. The research was conducted in two stages: (1) isolation and characterization of actinobacteria and P. stewartii subsp. stewartii, and (2) selection of indigenous actinobacteria for disease suppression and plant growth promotion. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 22 treatments and three replications. Observations included actinobacterial morphology, biosafety testing, disease development, and growth and yield parameters of sweet corn. A total of 25 actinobacterial isolates were obtained, of which five were pathogenic to maize based on biosafety tests. Isolate APPS1.4 showed the highest effectiveness by extending the incubation period to 8.98 days and reducing disease incidence and severity to 16.94% and 17.26%, respectively. Isolate APPS1.4 also increased plant height to 140,80 cm, leaf number to 10,70 leaves, and ear weight of sweet corn to 837,66 g
EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF 3R WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES IN GORONTALO PROVINCE
No full textThe waste generation in Indonesia, including Gorontalo Province, reaches 199.53 tons per day, necessitating strengthened 3R Waste Processing Facilities (3R TPS) to achieve national targets of 30% waste reduction and 70% waste management. This study analyzes the functionality of 3R TPS using a qualitative case study approach in Gorontalo City, Bone Bolango Regency, and Pohuwato Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Results indicate that only 12 of 30 3R TPS (40%) are operational. Planning factors constitute the main constraints, including noncompliance with sanitation zoning, service coverage below the minimum threshold of 800 inhabitants, and limited accessibility of approximately ±15 km from district centers. From the management perspective, facilities show high dependency on government support, inconsistent user fee systems, and low community participation. Institutional functions remain suboptimal, particularly in Bone Bolango, where several facilities lack formal organizational structures. In contrast, Pohuwato Regency represents a best practice through salary incentives of IDR 1,250,000 per month and collaborative partnerships managing approximately 20 tons of waste annually. SWOT analysis positions the 3R TPS in Quadrant I, indicating strong opportunities that support aggressive strategies focused on institutional strengthening, infrastructure optimization, and expanded partnerships to enhance the effectiveness and resilience
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF PLANT DIVERSITY IN FOUR HABITAT TYPES IN REBONJARO SURVEY AREA, SOUTH SUMATRA
No full textLand-use change in tropical landscapes poses increasing threats to plant diversity, yet baseline floristic data from transitional forest–agroecosystem areas in South Sumatra remain limited. This study aimed to document plant species diversity, floristic composition, and conservation status across four habitat types in the Rebonjaro forest landscape: secondary forest, shrubland, mixed rubber plantation, and oil palm plantation. Vegetation surveys were conducted in 2024 using purposive belt line transects adapted from rapid vegetation assessment methods. Species were recorded through direct field observation within ±10 m of transect lines, with transect lengths ranging from 100–300 m. Conservation status was assessed using the IUCN Red List (version 2024-2) and Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 106/2018. A total of 175 plant species representing 61 families were recorded, with Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, and Moraceae being the most species-rich families. Most species were categorized as Least Concern, while Aquilaria malaccensis was identified as Critically Endangered and Gluta renghas and Syzygium laxiflorum as Near Threatened. The results indicate that modified landscapes, particularly mixed rubber plantations, retain considerable plant diversity. This checklist provides essential baseline data to support long-term biodiversity monitoring and conservation planning in landscapes undergoing rapid land-use change
QUALITY OF VERMICOMPOST AND VERMIWASH FROM HOUSEHOLD WASTE BASED ON SAGO PULP AND COW MANURE
No full textThe processing of household organic waste through vermicomposting has the potential to produce fertilizers with higher nutrient content compared to conventional methods. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding sago pulp and cow manure as media on the quality of vermicompost and vermiwash derived from household organic waste using Eisenia fetida worms. The experiment was conducted using five treatments with five replications. Observed parameters included media moisture, temperature, pH, changes in color and texture, odor, earthworm biomass, and the contents of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Data were analyzed descriptively by correlating observational results with laboratory analyses of vermicompost and vermiwash. The results indicate that the treatment consisting of sago pulp with the addition of 50% household organic waste (SP+HOW 50%) produced nitrogen and phosphorus contents that met the requirements of SNI 7763:2024. Overall, the findings indicate that vermicomposting using sago pulp and household organic waste can be applied as a sustainable approach to organic waste management while producing organic fertilizer derived from local resources
VIRULENCE AND HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AGAINST SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Macrotermes gilvus)
No full textIndonesia’s tropical climate provides favorable conditions for subterranean termites, particularly Macrotermes gilvus, which cause significant economic losses as wood-destroying pests. Chemical control methods may lead to resistance and environmental problems; therefore, alternative control strategies are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of Metarhizium sp., Beauveria sp., Aspergillus sp., and Penicillium sp. against M. gilvus based on termite mortality, wood weight loss, and horizontal transmission. Isolates of Metarhizium sp. and Beauveria sp. were obtained from the BSIP Lembang laboratory collection, while Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were isolated from rhizosphere soil at the same site. The experiment used 13 treatments with three replications, consisting of three conidial concentrations (10⁶, 10⁷, and 10⁸ conidia/ml) and a control. Bioassays were conducted at 26–28 °C and 70–95% relative humidity using no-choice termiticide and horizontal transmission tests. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. All fungal isolates caused termite mortality and wood weight loss. Beauveria sp. at 10⁸ conidia/ml showed the highest efficacy, achieving 100% mortality within 24 hours. Horizontal transmission was indicated by white hyphal growth on termite bodies. These results demonstrate that entomopathogenic fungi, particularly Beauveria sp., are promising environmentally friendly biological control agents against M. gilvus
MICROALGAE METALLOTHIONEIN OPTIMIZATION THROUGH GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOLOGY EDUCATION
No full textHeavy metal pollution (e.g., Cd, Pb, Hg) threatens aquatic ecosystems due to its persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. Microalgae are promising agents for bioremediation via bioadsorption and intracellular bioaccumulation, but their intrinsic metal uptake is often inadequate under high contamination. This review aimed to synthesize current evidence on metallothionein (MT)-based enhancement of microalgae bioremediation and to map its relevance for project-based and STEM-oriented biology learning. A narrative (descriptive–analytical) literature review was conducted using recent publications (primarily within the last 10 years) on MT/PC mechanisms, microalgae genetic engineering and synthetic biology, genome editing, and biosafety. Content analysis was used to extract and integrate findings. The review indicates that MT functions as a metal buffer, detoxifier, and antioxidant, and that MT performance can be improved through (i) target-gene selection informed by omics and motif/phylogenetic analyses, (ii) construct design with strong/metal-inducible promoters and subcellular targeting, (iii) pathway-level co-engineering (transporters, glutathione/antioxidant systems), and (iv) genome editing (e.g., CRISPR-based knockout of inhibitory regulators). Biosafety-by-design strategies (biocontainment, auxotrophy, closed photobioreactor deployment) are critical for real-world use. Overall, MT-centered engineering offers a feasible route to strengthen microalgae bioremediation and provides an authentic context for integrating biotechnology with socio-scientific issues in biology education