Toyohashi University of Technology Repository

シャコウチ, ユリ

社河内　, 友里

Shakouchi, Yuri

? ?? ?
The Ambiguous Non-Conformism: Representations of 
the Beatniks in William F. Brown’s Beat Beat Beat and 
Consumerism
Yuri Shakouchi
?This paper explores how the Beatnik stereotypes were referred to in William F. 
Brown?s paperback comic book Beat Beat Beat published in 1959 and why. The 
Beatnik stereotypes began to emerge through young people with a par ticular 
admiration for the bohemian lifestyles of the predominant writers of the Beat 
Generation in the late 1950s. In some of the comic strips in Beat Beat Beat, the 
Beatniks were criticized because of their conformism to Beatnik non-conformism. 
Brown repeatedly suggests going back to the conformist way of life rather than living 
the Beatnik bohemian way of life. However, in the cover pages of the book, Brown?s 
publisher tries to attract readers by drawing attention to the ?hip? and ?cool? elements 
of stereotypical Beatniks. Brown ended up to being unable to show freedom from 
mainstream consumer society and was, nevertheless, involved in the endless chain of 
hip consumerism.
? ?? ?
????????????????????????? ???????????????
????????????????
???????
???????????
??????????????1950? 1960??????????????????????
Jack Kerouac?Allen Ginsberg?William Burroughs????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????1
????????????? 1950??????????????????????????
??????Welters 159????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????Goatees / Berets / 
Smokes marijuana / Jeans / Second-hand clothes / Free-form silver crucifix pendants / Dark 
glasses / Plays bongo drums / Paints large expressionist canvases / Chants poetry to jazz back-
up???????Jeans / Black leotards / Waxy eye make-up / Svelte / Drinks dark espresso coffee 
/ Dates black jazz players?????????????????????Watson 259??????man??
?cat???crazy???daddy???hip???like???pad???way out? ???????????????????
???????????????????????Mad Magazine57 45??2??????????
???????????Maynard G. Krebs? The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis?1959? 1963??
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????Priore 16??3
??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
? ?? ?
?????????William F. Brown? Beat Beat Beat????????????????
????????????Fred W. McDarrah?????????????????????
There really are two kinds of Beats, people like [Kenneth] Patchen, the jazz musicians, 
[Norman] Mailer, Jack [Kerouac], Allen [Ginsberg], they?re really Hipsters. The Beatniks are 
younger kids who are taking advantage of the trend. They don?t know what they?re rebelling 
against. They just can?t get along with their parents so they run away from home. ?McDarrah 
384-5?
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????McDarrah?????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????McDarrah 380??????????
?????????????????????????????Cambell??????????
??????????????????beat? was a state of being [?]; ?beatnik? was fancy dress. Beat 
was identity; beatnik was image? Campbell 246??????????????????????
????????????And so now they have beatniks routines on TV, starting with satires about 
girls in black and fellows in jeans[?], it?s a simple change in fashion and manners [?]. So there?s 
nothing to get excited about.? Kerouac, ?The Origin? 366-7??????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????
??????????????????????????1959?????????Watson 
333; Welters 163??1957??????????? Howl and Other Poems???????????
?????On the Road??????????????????????????????????
??????????????1959???????????????????Welters 162-3??
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis??
??????????????????????????????????????????
1952????????????????????????Mad Magazine??????????
????????1959????Mad Magazine??????????????????????
???????1959????????????????????????Mad Magazine 45 2??
???????William F. Brown?? Beat Beat Beat??1959???????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
? ?? ?
???????? 1959????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????Beat 
Beat Beat??????????????????????????????????????
????????????
?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????Way back, 
man, I used to whiff a little of the pod? keep up with the cool cats in high school?.? ??????
??????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????Later it was motorcycles? hot rods? chicken runs? Brando movies....? ?????????
The Wild One?1953????????Marlon Brando???????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???Then I really balled with that New Orleans jazz? Satchmo, Ellington? 
Condon? Bix Boy?.? ?????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????? ?Finally I was flying high? Zen Buddhism? yab-yum sessions? rucksack 
wanderings with kindred souls?.? ???????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????? ?yab-yum?
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????? The Dharma Bums ?1958????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????But one night, in the Village, I met this vessel from Wellesley?,? ??????????
?I began to look upon my former life as a kind of conformity?.? ????????????????
? ?? ?
?????????William F. Brown? Beat Beat Beat????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????Her old man set me down at Amalgamated Tool & Die?? ?????????????
????????????????????????????????I found out I liked 
Westport, PTA, TV and tailfins!????????My psychiatrist tells me I?m a happy man? ????
????????????????????Brown n.pag.??
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
?????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????When I finished high school I told 
Charlie, my fiancée, I was going to New York for a while and work as a secretary in an ad agency?. 
He said no, don?t do it, you?ll lose your sense of values and become corrupted?.??????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????He plans to move in tonight. So we can share the rent, 
? ?? ?
he says?.? ???????????????????????????????????????
?You know what I plan? To finish this phony wine, go back home and marry Charlie? Brown 
n.pag.??
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????
??????????
???????Beat Beat Beat????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????? Beat Beat Beat??????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????A hip collection of cool cartoons about life and love among the Beatniks? Brown 
front page???????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????CRAZY! Come on Dad. Crawl outa that pad. Get with it, man, as you can. We got 
subliminal sex. Who knows what next?? ? ? ? ? ? ???Dig this COOL collection of HIP 
CARTOONS. GET WITH the bearded BEATNIKS and Dharma Bums. GO, GO, GO? way out for 
KICKS? at home and on the road. IT?S WILD MAN WILD!??Brown back cover????????
???????????????????????????????????? Dharma Bums?
On the Road??John Clellon Holmes? Go???????????????????????
?????????beaded beatnik? ???????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
? ?? ?
?????????William F. Brown? Beat Beat Beat????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
??????Are You a Beatnik?? ????????????????????????????
???
?Do you like girls?
?Do you cheer for the aspirin every time Bufferin reaches the bloodstream?
?Do friends say you?re subliminal behind your back?
?Do you dig Mort Sahl for President?
If you can read? If you answered ?yes? to every question?MAN, YOU?RE BEAT!
Now stop trying to sneak away without paying the nice thirty-five cents like everybody else. 
And don?t let him sneak away either. GET WITH IT, MAN. DIG DOWN? DEEP! ?Brown n.
pag.?
?????????????? 4????????????????????????????
????????? 35????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????
???????????
Beat Beat Beat????????????????????????Thomas Frank?????
????????????????????????????????1960?????????
?????????????????????????????????? ?????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????1960??? Coca-Cola? Pepsi-Cola
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????1960??????????????????????????????????hip??
?youthful???smashes rules and inhibitions???for individualists? ???????????????
??????????????????????????????? ?square???fogey???hopelessly 
entangled in the stultifying postwar order???for conformists? ????????????????
??????Frank 170-171???????????????????????????????
? ?? ?
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
Beat Beat Beat????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????New 
generations obsolete the old, new celebrities render old ones ridiculous, and on and on in an ever-
ascending spiral of hip upon hip? Frank 235????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????Beat Beat Beat????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????
?
1 Raj Chandarlapaty???????????????????? ?modern counterculture? ????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
?Chandarlapaty 6??
2 Linda Welters????????????????????????1940? 50???????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????1944? 49??1950? 56??1957? 63???????????????
????????????????????????????????????1944? 49??????
????????????????1950? 56?????????????????1957? 63????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?Welters 151-58??
3 Alan Bisbort??Maynard G. Krebs???the most famous Beatnik character in America? Bisbort 104??
??????
? ?? ?
?????????William F. Brown? Beat Beat Beat????????????????
4 ?????????? ?BEAT? ????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????Brown n.pag??
????
Bisbort, Alan. Beatniks: A Guide to an American Subculture. Santa Barbara: Greenwood, 2010. Print.
Brown, William F. Beat Beat Beat. New York: The New American Library, 1959. N. pag. Print.
Campbell, James. This is the Beat Generation. London: Secker & Warburg, 1999. Print. London: Vintage, 2000. 
Print.
Chandarlapaty, Raj. The Beat Generation and Counterculture: Paul Bowles, William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac. 
New York: Peter Lang, 2009. Print.
Frank, Thomas. The Conquest of Cool: Business Culture, Counterculture, and the Rise of Hip Consumerism. 
Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997. Print.
Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. 1957. New York: Penguin, 1976. Print.
- - - . The Dharma Bums. 1958. New York: Penguin, 1976. Print.
- - - . ?The Origin of the Beat Generation.? On the Road: Text and Criticism. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York: 
Viking, 1979. 357-67. Print.
Mad Magazine. New York: E.C, 1952-2006. DVD-ROM. Absolutely Mad Magazine – 50 + Years. Graphic Imaging 
Technology. 2006.
McDarrah, Fred W.. ?Anatomy of a Beatnik.? Beat Down to Your Soul. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Penguin, 
2001. 378-387. Print.
Priore, Domenic. Beatsville. Ed. Martin McIntosh. Melbourne, Australia: Outre Gallery, 2003. Print.
Watson, Steven. The Birth of the Beat Generation: Visionaries, Rebels, and Hipsters, 1944-1960. New York: 
Phantom, 1995. Print.
Welters, Linda. ?The Beat Generation: Subcultural Style.? Twentieth-Century American Fashion. Ed. Linda Welters 
and Patricia A. Cunningham. Oxford: Berg, 2005. 145-67. Print.



English

The Ambiguous Non-Conformism: Representations of the Beatniks in William F. Brown’s Beat Beat Beat and Consumerism

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