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Manajemen Risiko Rantai Pasok Industri Konstruksi Pada Studi Kasus Proyek Pembangunan Bandara: Identifikasi, Dampak, Dan Strategi Mitigasi
No full textSektor konstruksi dikenal dengan tingkat kompleksitas yang tinggi dan tantangan dalam menjaga kinerja terkait waktu, biaya, dan kualitas. Identifikasi risiko sejak tahap awal menjadi langkah penting untuk memitigasi dampak negatif terhadap proyek. Penelitian ini menganalisis risiko rantai pasok dalam proyek pembangunan Depot Pengisian Pesawat Udara (DPPU) di Bandara X dengan menggunakan metode FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) dan melengkapi keterbatasannya dengan metode WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment). Metode FMEA digunakan untuk menghitung Risk Priority Number (RPN) berdasarkan parameter severity, occurrence, dan detection, sementara metode WASPAS diterapkan untuk meningkatkan akurasi analisis dengan memberikan bobot berbeda pada tiap parameter setelah itu langkah mitigasi diusulkan berupa pengurangan dan transfer risiko untuk meminimalkan dampaknya terhadap proyek. Studi ini menunjukkan efektivitas integrasi metode FMEA dan WASPAS dalam memberikan analisis risiko yang lebih akurat dan mendukung pengambilan keputusan mitigasi risiko yang optimal. Dari 31 risiko didapatkan 4 risiko yang termasuk dalam kategori high risk yaitu Perubahan desain Teknik dari konsultan saat material sudah dipesan, Perubahan waktu pekerjaan di lapangan yang tidak sesuai rencana, pengiriman ulang material akibat perbedaan gambar dan spesifikasi dan kesalahan manajemen waktu atau sumber daya oleh subkontraktor yang menghambat progres. Sebagai contoh rekomendasi mitigasi dari risiko perubahan desain teknik saat dalam pemesanan yaitu melakukan audit desain menyeluruh sebelum pemesanan dengan verifikasi dari konsultan teknik dan pengawas.
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The construction sector is known for its high level of complexity and challenges in maintaining performance related to time, cost, and quality. Identifying risks from an early stage is an important step to mitigate negative impacts on the project. This research analyzes supply chain risks in the construction project of the Aircraft Refueling Depot (DPPU) at X Airport using the FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) method and complements its limitations with the WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment) method. The FMEA method is used to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN) based on severity, occurrence, and detection parameters, while the WASPAS method is applied to improve the accuracy of the analysis by assigning different weights to each parameter after which mitigation measures are proposed in the form of risk reduction and transfer to minimize their impact on the project. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the integration of FMEA and WASPAS methods in providing more accurate risk analysis and supporting optimal risk mitigation decision making. Of the 31 risks, 4 risks were found to be in the high risk category, namely changes in engineering design from consultants when materials have been ordered, changes in the time of work in the field that are not according to plan, resubmission of materials due to differences in drawings and specifications and mismanagement of time or resources by subcontractors that hinder progress. As an example of mitigation recommendations from the risk of changes in engineering design when ordering, namely conducting a thorough design audit before ordering with verification from engineering consultants and supervisors
Analisis Kestabilan dan Kenyamanan Suspensi pada Sepeda Motor Touring ketika Melewati Tanjakan dan Turunan
No full textIndonesia memiliki topografi yang beragam, dengan jalan-jalan yang tidak hanya datar tetapi juga memiliki kemiringan bervariasi, terutama di daerah pedesaan dan penghubung antar kota. Sepeda motor, khususnya sepeda motor touring, sering dipilih sebagai moda transportasi utama karena kemampuannya melintasi medan dengan tanjakan maupun turunan yang ekstrim, dimensi yang lebih ringkas, dan biaya operasional yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kendaraan roda empat. Kestabilan sepeda motor saat melewati tanjakan dan turunan menjadi krusial untuk keselamatan pengendara. Suspensi kendaraan berperan penting dalam meredam getaran dan mencegah fenomena di mana salah satu roda tidak menapak pada permukaan jalan yang mana berpotensi membuat kendaraan menjadi tidak stabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis unjuk kerja sistem suspensi pada sepeda motor touring di jalan menanjak dan menurun dalam hal kestabilan dan kenyamanan pengendara beserta penumpangnya. Metode analisis dimulai dengan perancangan model mekanikal, yang mana menggunakan motor Honda CB150X yang dimodelkan sebagai sistem suspensi satu kendaraan dengan enam derajat kebebasan (DOF). Setelahnya, dilakukan penerjemahan ke dalam free body diagram, dan pengembangan model matematis yang diubah menjadi state variable. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi MATLAB untuk mengevaluasi performa suspensi dalam meredam getaran untuk melihat kenyamanan dan membatasi sudut pitching kendaraan agar salah satu roda tidak terangkat ketika melewati tanjakan dan turunan yang menentukan kestabilan kendaraan tersebut. Variasi yang digunakan berupa sudut elevasi tanjakan dan turunan (15,20, dan 25o), kecepatan kendaraan (20,40, dan 60 km/h), dan ada atau tidaknya penumpang. Berdasarkan analisis dan simulasi yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil berupa sepeda motor touring jenis CB150x berpotensi untuk mengalami ketidakstabilan ketika melewati tanjakan dengan sudut elevasi 25o dengan kecepatan 60 km/h dengan kondisi tanpa penumpang. Sedangkan ketika ada penumpang, kendaraan berpotensi mengalami ketidakstabilan ketika melewati tanjakan dengan sudut elevasi 25o pada variasi kecepatan 20,40, dan 60 km/h. Terkait kenyamanan, pengendara mulai merasa sedikit tidak nyaman ketika melewati tanjakan ataupun turunan dengan sudut 20o dan 25o dengan kecepatan 60 km/h. Sementara untuk penumpang, mulai merasa sedikit tidak nyaman ketika melewati tanjakan ataupun turunan dengan sudut 25o dengan kecepatan 60 km/h. Variasi sudut tanjakan ataupun turunan serta kecepatan kendaraan yang semakin besar membuat penurunan gaya normal pada salah satu roda cenderung menjadi semakin besar. Begitu juga percepatan vertikal pengendara dan penumpang serta sudut pitching yang dialami juga cenderung semakin besar.
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Indonesia boasts a diverse topography, with roads that are not only flat but also feature varying slopes, particularly in rural areas and intercity routes. Motorcycles, especially touring motorcycles, are often chosen as the primary mode of transportation due to their ability to traverse terrains with extreme inclines and declines, their compact dimensions, and their lower operational costs compared to four-wheeled vehicles. The stability of motorcycles when navigating inclines and declines is crucial for rider safety. The vehicle's suspension plays a vital role in dampening vibrations and preventing the phenomenon where one wheel loses contact with the road surface, which could potentially destabilize the vehicle. This study aims to analyze the performance of the suspension system in touring motorcycles on uphill and downhill roads in terms of stability and the comfort of the rider and passenger. The analysis method begins with the design of a mechanical model, using the Honda CB150X motorcycle modeled as a single-vehicle suspension system with six degrees of freedom (DOF). Subsequently, the model is translated into a free body diagram, and a mathematical model is developed and converted into state variables. Simulations are conducted using MATLAB to evaluate the suspension's performance in dampening vibrations, assessing comfort, and limiting the vehicle's pitching angle to ensure that no wheel lifts off the ground when navigating inclines and declines, which determines the vehicle's stability. The variables used include the elevation angles of inclines and declines (15°, 20°, and 25°), vehicle speed (20, 40, and 60 km/h), and the presence or absence of a passenger. Based on the analysis and simulations conducted, the results indicate that the CB150X touring motorcycle has the potential to become unstable when navigating a 25° incline at a speed of 60 km/h without a passenger. However, with a passenger, the vehicle may become unstable when navigating a 25° incline at speeds of 20, 40, and 60 km/h. Regarding comfort, the rider begins to feel slightly uncomfortable when navigating inclines or declines with angles of 20° and 25° at a speed of 60 km/h. As for the passenger, they start to feel slightly uncomfortable when navigating inclines or declines with a 25° angle at a speed of 60 km/h. Variations in the incline or decline angles and higher vehicle speeds tend to increase the reduction in normal force on one wheel. Similarly, the vertical acceleration experienced by the rider and passenger, as well as the pitching angle, also tend to increase
Optimasi Model Adaptive Boosting untuk Prediksi Kanker Payudara dengan Menggunakan Teknik Reduksi Fitur Principal Component Analysis dan Random Oversampling
No full textKanker payudara merupakan salah satu jenis kanker paling mum di kalangan wanita dan menjadi penyebab utama kematian terkait kanker, meskipun telah terjadi kemajuan signifikan dalam diagnosis dini. Faktor risiko utama kanker payudara meliputi obesitas, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, konsumsi alkohol, penggunaan terapi hormon saat menopause, paparan radiasi, dan riwayat keluarga. Deteksi dini kanker payudara memiliki signifikansi yang besar dalam bidang medis. Meskipun demikian, penggunaan machine learning untuk meramalkan penyakit ini masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Terdapat ketidakseimbangan kelas dalam dataset, yang dapat mengganggu kinerja model secara signifikan. Selain itu, kurangnya analisis fitur yang mendalam pada dataset yang digunakan juga menjadi tantangan tersendiri dalam meningkatkan akurasi prediksi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan metode yang lebih efektif dan cermat untuk memastikan hasil prediksi kanker payudara yang optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan dataset kanker payudara dengan 569 data dan 32 atribut, termasuk satu atribut sebagai kelas. Model klasifikasi Adaptive Boosting dikembangkan untuk memprediksi kanker payudara dengan mempertimbangkan fitur-fitur relevan melalui teknik Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan optimasi parameter menggunakan GridSearchCV. Penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi kinerja teknik Random Oversampling (ROS) untuk mengatasi ketidakseimbangan kelas dalam dataset. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Optimasi model AdaBoost, dengan reduksi dimensi melalui PCA dan penyeimbangan data menggunakan ROS, berhasil mencapai akurasi tertinggi sebesar 98,24% dalam mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan kasus kanker payudara. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penerapan metode tersebut mendukung deteksi dini kanker payudara dan memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis.
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Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, despite significant advances in early diagnosis. Major risk factors for breast cancer include obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, hormone therapy during menopause, radiation exposure, and family history. Early detection of breast cancer holds substantial importance in the medical field. However, applying machine learning to predict this disease still faces various challenges. One key issue is the class imbalance in datasets, which can significantly affect model performance. Additionally, the lack of in-depth feature analysis in the utilized datasets presents another challenge in improving prediction accuracy. Therefore, the development of more effective and precise methods is necessary to ensure optimal breast cancer prediction results. This study utilizes a breast cancer dataset comprising 569 instances and 32 attributes, including one attribute representing the class label. An Adaptive Boosting classification model was developed to predict breast cancer, focusing on relevant features through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and parameter optimization using GridSearchCV. The study also evaluates the performance of the Random oversampling technique to address the class imbalance issue in the dataset. The research findings indicate that the optimization of the AdaBoost model, with dimensionality reduction through PCA and data balancing using ROS, achieved the highest accuracy of 98.24% in identifying and classifying breast cancer cases. This study demonstrates that the application of these methods supports early detection of breast cancer and provides significant contributions to clinical decision-making
Analisis Sentimen Pada Data Ulasan Pengguna Aplikasi Layanan Telekomunikasi Menggunakan Naïve Bayes Classifier
No full textTeknologi berkembang secara pesat termasuk teknologi informasi, seiring dengan perkembangan tersebut kebutuhan internet pun meningkat secara signifikan. Pada tahun 2023, pengguna internet di Indonesia adalah 78,19% dari total populasi masyarakat Indonesia, tingginya penggunaan internet tentu saja merupakan peluang bagi bisnis pada bidang layanan telekomunikasi. Terdapat 3 perusahaan dengan jumlah pengguna layanan telekomunikasi tertinggi yaitu XL Axiata, Telkomsel, dan Indosat Ooredoo. Persaingan ketat tentu terjadi sehingga mengakibatkan perusahaan berlomba-lomba untuk memberikan layanan terbaik demi loyalitas konsumen. Ulasan pengguna aplikasi dapat dilihat melalui kolom ulasan pada Google Play Store dan sering digunakan sebagai alat yang efektif dan efisien dalam menemukan informasi. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis sentimen pada data ulasan pengguna aplikasi myXL, My Telkomsel, dan myIM3 serta klasifikasi menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC). Pelabelan dilakukan berdasarkan rating yang diberikan dengan kriteria negatif pada rating kurang dari sama dengan 3 dan lebih dari 3 untuk positif. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa metode NBC dengan SMOTE pada aplikasi My Telkomsel memiliki rata-rata persentase nilai Area Under Curve (AUC) pada data testing yang lebih tinggi dibanding dengan aplikasi myXl dan myIM3 yaitu sebesar 96,11%
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Technology is developing rapidly including information technology, along with these developments the need for the internet has increased significantly. In 2023, internet users in Indonesia accounted for 78.19% of the total population of Indonesian, the high use of the internet is certainly an opportunity for businesses in the field of telecommunications services. There are 3 companies with the highest number of telecommunication service users, namely XL Axiata, Telkomsel, and Indosat Ooredoo. Fierce competition definitely occurs, resulting in companies competing to provide the best service for consumer loyalty. Application user reviews can be seen through the review column on the Google Play Store and are often used as an effective and efficient tool for finding information. This research conducts sentiment analysis on user review data of myXL, My Telkomsel, and myIM3 applications and classification using the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method. Labeling is based on the specified rating, with negative criteria for rating less than equal to 3 and positive criteria for rating greater than 3. According to the findings of this study, NBC method with SMOTE in My Telkomsel application has a higher average Area Under Curve (AUC) percentage value (96,11%) in testing data compared to myXl and myIM3 applications
Peningkatan Kapasitas Prodkusi Menggunakan Theory of Constraint (TOC) PT Garam
No full textDalam suatu perusahaan, salah satu sasaran yang ingin dicapai dalam setiap proses produksi adalah throughput yang optimal. Namun, dalam praktiknya, untuk mencapai sasaran tersebut, perusahaan sering menghadapi berbagai kendala yang dapat menghambat kinerja sistem. Salah satu kendala yang umum terjadi di perusahaan adalah adanya bottleneck. PT. Garam merupakan industri yang memasok produksi garam. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh PT Garam adalah adanya keterlambatan yang disebabkan oleh bottleneck di beberapa stasiun kerja. Keterlambatan dalam pemrosesan pesanan ada yang masih dapat ditoleransi, namun ada juga yang tidak, sehingga menyebabkan pelanggan membatalkan pesanan. Kehilangan kesempatan untuk menjual produk ini berarti juga kehilangan potensi untuk menghasilkan throughput bagi perusahaan, karena throughput diperoleh melalui penjualan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aliran proses serta mengidentifikasi stasiun kerja yang mengalami bottleneck dan yang tidak, serta melakukan perbaikan pada stasiun kerja bottleneck dan throughput produksi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Theory Of Constraint (TOC), dengan menerapkan prinsip lima langkah dari proses TOC. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pengukuran waktu baku untuk setiap proses menggunakan metode stopwatch time study (STS), serta perhitungan kapasitas yang tersedia (CA) dan kapasitas yang dibutuhkan (CR). Selanjutnya, dilakukan perhitungan varians dan persentase beban, diikuti dengan penerapan lima langkah dari proses TOC. Lima langkah tersebut mencakup identifikasi kendala sistem, eksploitasi kendala, subordinasi, elevasi atau pengangkatan kendala, dan kembali ke langkah pertama untuk perbaikan berkelanjutan. Hasil dari perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa stasiun kerja yang mengalami bottleneck ditandai dengan nilai varians positif dan persentase beban yang melebihi 100%. Berdasarkan perhitungan Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) dapat diketahui nilai kapasitas yang dibutuhkan (CR) pada masing-masing stasiun kerja untuk setiap bulan pada stasiun kerja 1 memiliki rentang nilai antara 15108.965 hingga 46090,270 detik. Selanjutnya untuk nilai kapasitas yang tersedia (CA) pada masing-masing stasiun kerja untuk setiap bulan pada stasiun kerja 1 memiliki rentang nilai antara 1763580.257 hingga 2256145.92 detik Peningkatan throughput terbesar terdapat pada bulan April yang ditunjukkan dengan selisih sebesar yaitu Rp. 135.867.295.10.
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In a company, one of the targets to be achieved in every production process is optimal throughput. However, in practice, to achieve this target, companies often face various obstacles that can hinder system performance. One of the common obstacles in companies is the existence of bottlenecks. PT. Garam is an industry that supplies salt production. The problem faced by PT Garam is the delay caused by bottlenecks at several work stations. Delays in order processing are still tolerable, but some are not, causing customers to cancel orders. Losing the opportunity to sell this product also means losing the potential to generate throughput for the company, because throughput is obtained through sales. This study aims to analyze the process flow and identify work stations that experience bottlenecks and those that do not, and to make improvements to bottleneck work stations and production throughput. The method used in this study is the Theory Of Constraint (TOC), by applying the five-step principle of the TOC process. In this study, standard time measurements were carried out for each process using the stopwatch time study (STS) method, as well as calculations of available capacity (CA) and required capacity (CR). Next, variance and load percentage calculations are performed, followed by the implementation of the five steps of the TOC process. The five steps include identifying system constraints, exploiting constraints, subordinating, elevating or lifting constraints, and returning to the first step for continuous improvement.The results of the calculations show that the workstations experiencing bottlenecks are characterized by positive variance values and load percentages exceeding 100%. Based on the Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) calculation, it can be seen that the required capacity (CR) value at each workstation for each month at workstation 1 has a range of values between 15108.965 to 46090.270 seconds. Furthermore, the available capacity (CA) value at each workstation for each month at workstation 1 has a range of values between 1763580.257 to 2256145.92 seconds. The largest increase in throughput was in April, which was indicated by a difference of Rp. 135,867,295.10
Redesain Interior Ruang Kelas dan Studio UPBG ITS Berkonsep Kontemporer dengan Pendekatan Akustik dan Ruang Multifungsi sebagai Sarana Edukasi Bahasa Asing
No full textBahasa asing, terutama bahasa Inggris menaruh peran penting pada era globalisasi saat ini sebagai penghubung manusia yang berasal dari latar belakang yang berbeda-beda dalam hal berkomunikasi. Oleh karena itu, mempelajari bahasa asing baik secara daring maupun luring sudah menjadi hal yang lumrah. Proses pembelajaran dan tes bahasa secara luring masih dapat dilakukan di UPBG ITS. Akan tetapi, seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, perilaku masyarakat dalam mempelajari bahasa asing juga berubah, terutama pembelajaran bahasa berbasis daring yang kini semakin familiar. Sebagai salah satu penyedia tempat pembelajaran dan tes, UPBG ITS juga perlu menyediakan fasilitas dan media digital yang dapat menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar dan tes bahasa asing. Dengan permasalahan-permasalahan di atas, mendesain ruangan yang sesuai dan membuat media daring yang dapat menarik peminat juga perlu dipertimbangkan. Dalam memfasilitasi kebutuhan akan ruang yang tepat untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar dan tes yang optimal, maka pada perancangan desain kali ini konsep kontemporer dengan pendekatan akustik sebagai akan diterapkan pada desain interior UPBG ITS dengan harapan menarik peminat dan mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran dan tes bahasa asing, salah satunya melalui media digital terutama podcast.
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Foreign languages, especially English, play an important role in the current era of globalization as a link between people from different backgrounds in terms of communication. Therefore, learning a foreign language both online and offline has become commonplace. The offline language learning and testing process can still be done at UPBG ITS. However, along with the times, people's behavior in learning foreign languages has also changed, especially dare-based language learning which is now increasingly familiar. As one of the providers of learning and testing places, UPBG ITS must also provide facilities and digital media that can support teaching and learning activities and foreign language tests. With the problems above, designing a suitable room and creating bold media that can attract the attention of enthusiasts also need to be considered. To facilitate the need for the right space for optimal teaching and learning activities and tests, in this design, a contemporary concept with an acoustic approach will be applied to the interior design of UPBG ITS with the hope of attracting enthusiasts and supporting foreign language learning and testing activities, one of which is through digital media, especially podcasts
Sintesis Komposit Fe2O3/MIL-125(Ti) Berpori dengan Template MIL-100(Fe) sebagai Fotokatalis untuk Degradasi Metilen Biru dalam Air
No full textPada penelitian ini, MIL-100(Fe), MIL-125(Ti), dan Fe2O3/MIL-125(Ti) dengan variasi penambahan Fe2O3 sebanyak 20 dan 50% telah berhasil disintesis. Fe2O3 diperoleh melalui metode kalsinasi dalam atmosfer udara pada suhu 600 °C selama 2 jam dengan template MIL-100(Fe). Difraktogram dan spektra FTIR material hasil sintesis menunjukkan puncak khas pada 2θ dan serapan khas yang sesuai dengan data standar. Morfologi permukaan material hasil sintesis mengalami perubahan setelah penambahan Fe2O3. Suhu kalsinasi hasil TGA sebesar 600 °C. Hasil UV-Vis DRS menunjukkan bahwa material celah pita (Eg) dari MIL-125(Ti), MIL-100(Fe), dan Fe2O3 dihitung berturut-turut sebesar 3,64; 2,98; dan 2,08 eV. Hasil adsorpsi-desorpsi N2, diketahui Fe2O3(20)/MIL-125(Ti) memiliki diameter pori tertinggi daripada material hasil sintesis lainnya yaitu sebesar 9,428 nm. Material hasil sintesis diuji aktivitasnya sebagai adsorben dan fotokatalis pewarna metilen biru (MB) dalam air. Hasil uji adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa semua material hasil sintesis mengikuti model kinetika orde dua semu dan model adsorpsi Langmuir dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 253,719 mg/g. Hasil kinerja fotokatalitik material Fe2O3(20)/MIL-125(Ti) menunjukkan efisiensi degradasi sebesar 98% dengan laju degradasi lebih cepat daripada MIL-125(Ti) murni dalam 30 mL larutan MB 50 mg/L selama 100 menit di bawah iradiasi lampu UV-LED. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penggabungan dua material dapat membentuk heterojunction dengan peningkatan efisiensi fotokatalitik.
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In this study, MIL-100(Fe), MIL-125(Ti), and Fe₂O₃/MIL-125(Ti) with variations of Fe₂O₃ addition of 20 and 50% have been successfully synthesized. Fe₂O₃ was obtained through the calcination method in an air atmosphere at 600 °C for 2 hours with the MIL-100(Fe) template. Diffractograms and FTIR spectra of the synthesized material showed a typical peak at 2θ and typical absorption that was in accordance with standard data. The surface morphology of the synthesized material changed after the addition of Fe₂O₃. The calcination temperature of the TGA results was 600 °C. UV-Vis DRS results showed that the band gap (Eg) of MIL-125(Ti), MIL-100(Fe), and Fe₂O₃ were calculated to be 3,64; 2,98; and 2.08 eV, respectively. From the results of N2 adsorption-desorption, it is known that Fe2O3(20)/MIL-125(Ti) has the highest pore diameter of the other synthesized materials, which is 9,428 nm. We tested the synthesized materials for their activity as adsorbents and photocatalysts of methylene blue (MB) dye in water. The adsorption test results showed that all the synthesized materials followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption model, with 253,719 mg/g being the highest amount that could adsorb. The photocatalytic performance results of the Fe₂O₃(20)/MIL-125(Ti) material showed a degradation efficiency of 98% with a degradation rate faster than pure MIL-125(Ti) in 30 mL of 50 mg/L MB solution for 100 minutes under UV-LED irradiation. These results indicate that the combination of two materials can form a heterojunction with increased photocatalytic efficiency
Sintesis Dihidropirimidinon Tanpa Pelarut Menggunakan Katalis Iodin
No full textDihidropirimidinon dengan struktur pirimidin yang mengandung dua atom nitrogen dan satu gugus karbonil dapat disintesis melalui reaksi multikomponen antara aldehida, urea, dan β–keto ester. Reaksi ini dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai pelarut, penambahan katalis yang berbeda, dan dengan berbagai teknik sintesis. Studi literatur mengungkap bahwa sintesis dihidropirimidinon tanpa pelarut dengan penambahan iodin sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini melaporkan sintesis dihidropirimidinon 4a tanpa pelarut melalui reaksi aldehida 1a, urea 2, dan etil asetoasetat 3 sebagai model reaksi pada suhu yang berbeda (suhu ruang, 100°C, 133°C, 200°C), jumlah penambahan iodin yang bervariasi (1%, 2,5%, 5%, 10%, 20%), dan selama 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 jam. Kondisi reaksi terbaik yang diperoleh dari model reaksi selanjutnya digunakan dalam sintesis dihidropirimidinon 4b-g. Reaksi pada suhu 100°C selama 5 jam dengan penambahan iodin 5 mol% memberikan senyawa etil 4-fenil-6-metil-2-okso-1,2,3,4-tetrahidropirimidin-5-karboksilat 4a dengan yield 61% yang lebih tinggi dari produk senyawa 4a hasil reaksi pada suhu ruang, 133°C, dan 200°C. Reaksi yang sama dengan penambahan iodin 0 dan 2,5 mol% memberikan produk 4a dengan yield tertinggi (66,8%) diantara reaksi dengan iodin 1%, 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Model reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 100°C dengan iodin 2,5% selama 7 jam memberikan senyawa 4a dengan yield 69,9%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan hasil reaksi selama 5, 6, 8, 9, dan 10 jam. Reaksi aldehida aromatis berupa 3-hidroksibenzaldehida 1b, 4-hidroksi-3- metoksibenzaldehida 1c, 4-nitrobenzaldehida 1d, 4-metilbenzaldehida 1e, 4- klorobenzaldehida 1f, dan 4-metoksibenzaldehida 1g dengan urea 2 dan etil asetoasetat 3 pada suhu 100°C selama 7 jam menggunakan iodin 2,5% berturut-turut menghasilkan senyawa etil 4-(3-hidroksifenil)-6-metil-2-okso-1,2,3,4- tetrahidropirimidin-5-karboksilat 4b, etil 4-(4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-6-metil-2- okso-1,2,3,4-tetrahidropirimidin-5-karboksilat 4c, etil 6-metil-4-(4-nitrofenil)-2-okso- 1,2,3,4-tetrahidropirimidin-5-karbosilat 4d, etil 6-metil-2-okso-4-(p-tolil)-1,2,3,4-tetrahidropirimidin-5-karboksilat 4e, etil 4-(4-klorofenil)-6-metil-2-okso-1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-pirimidin-5-karboksilat 4f, dan etil 4-(4-metoksifenil)-6-metil-2-okso-1,2,3,4-tetrahidropirimidin-5-karboksilat 4g dengan yield sebesar 74,09, 51,81, 72,00,iv 75,08, 42,32, 39,16%. Struktur dihidropirimidina 4a-g hasil sintesis ditetapkan melalui analisis dengan spektrometer inframerah dan NMR (1H dan 13C) serta analisis massa.
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Dihydropyrimidinones with a pyrimidine structure containing two nitrogen atoms and one carbonyl group can be synthesized via a multicomponent reaction between aldehyde, urea, and β-keto ester. This reaction can be performed using different solvents, by adding different catalyst, and by using different synthesis techniques. From literature research, it appears that the solventless synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones with addition of iodine is very limited. In this study, the solventless synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone 4a is reported via the reaction of aldehyde 1a, urea 2, and ethyl acetoacetate 3 as a model reaction at different temperatures (room temperature, 100°C, 133°C, 200°C), varying amounts of iodine addition (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%), and for 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 hours. The best reaction conditions obtained from the model reaction were then used in the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones 4b-g. The reaction at 100°C for 5 hours with the addition of 5 mol% iodine gave the ethyl 4-phenyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5- carboxylate compound 4a in 61% yield, which was higher. The amount of compound 4a product from the reaction at room temperature, 133°C, and 200°C. The same reaction with the addition of 2.5 mol% iodine gave product 4a in the highest yield (66.8%) from the reactions with 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% iodine. The reaction model was carried out at a temperature of 100°C with 2.5% iodine for 7 hours to produce compound 4a with a yield of 69.9%, higher than the reaction results for 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 hours. The reaction of aromatic aldehydes in the form of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde 1b, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 1c, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde 1d, 4- methylbenzaldehyde 1e, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde 1f, and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde 1g with urea 2 and ethyl acetoacetate 3 at a temperature of 100°C for 7 hours with 2.5% iodine successively, gives ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 4b, ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6- methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 4c, ethyl 6-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 4d, ethyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-(p-tolyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 4e, ethyl 4-(4-vichlorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 4f, dan ethyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5- carboxylate 4g and with yields of 74,09, 51,81, 72,00, 75,08, 42,32, 39,16%.. The structure of the synthesized dihydropyrimidines 4a-g was determined by infrared spectrometer and NMR (1H and 13C) analysis and mass analysis
Proposed Digital Startup Policy Model For Accelerating Indonesia’s Digital Startup Success Rate
No full textIndonesia's government is focused on accelerating the digital economy to achieve Indonesia Emas 2045, aiming to boost its GDP contribution from 4% in 2023 to 19% by 2045. The uniqueness of Indonesia’s digital economy lies in the significant role of digital startups, thus, making success in this sector is crucial. Therefore, the Indonesian government has promoted digital startup development through various regulations and policies. Despite a significant increase in startups, the success rate remains low, at only 1% to 5%. This research made two key assumptions: first, the low success rate suggests existing government policies may be ineffective, as they focus on increasing new startups without addressing the "valley of death" (VoD). Second, it assumed that digital startup development stages and VoD are highly contextual, meaning policies should be tailored to Indonesia's specific needs. Moreover, this research used a mixed-method approach in sequential setting with three different studies for triangulation and consistency, guided by design thinking. The first, a descriptive study (inspiration module), developed a conceptual framework and mapped existing policies through a literature review and qualitative interviews. The second, an explorative study (ideation module), examined digital startup stages and the valley of death in Indonesia, using grounded theory. The third, a confirmatory study (implementation module), developed a policy model and strategic implementation through SEM-PLS quantitative analysis. The descriptive study found that government policies focused mainly on the seed stage and micro-level policies aimed at developing individual skills, supporting key assumption 1. The exploratory study identified six ) digital startup stages (Ideation Stage, Pre-Seed Stage, Seed Stage, Launch / Growth Stage, Maturity / Establishment Stage, and Exit Strategy Stage) in Indonesia and two valleys of death: one at the pre-seed stage (minimum viable product) and another at the maturity stage (product-market fit). Finally, SEM-PLS analysis revealed that the most crucial policy for improving digital startup success is reforming regulations and governance, emphasizing the need for comprehensive policies throughout the entire ecosystem. Keywords: digital economy, development stages, digital startup success rate, policy model, the valley of deat
IT Infrastructure Procurement: Analytics Approach for Effective Decision Making at ICL Netherlands
No full textThis thesis documents the assignment, process, and outcomes of an internship project for the Global Indirect Procurement in PS FM&IT department at ICL Netherlands. The project was conducted by Abyan Arya Syahputra, student at Fontys University of Applied Science, to complete his bachelor’s degree. ICL Group is a leading global specialty minerals and chemicals company that provides a wide range of products and solutions across diverse industries. The PS FM & IT Department, responsible for managing IT infrastructure procurement. Managing procurement efficiently is important to ICL's operations, especially given the complex procurement processes involving multiple suppliers. However, the PS, FM & IT department currently faces challenges in effectively analyzing procurement data and streamlining decision-making processes. To address these challenges, the goal was to assist the PS, FM & IT department in developing a structured approach to optimize procurement processes through data analysis and visualization. The waterfall project management method was selected to guide the project, ensuring a clear defined stages. Each phase followed a sequential order, from initial research and analysis to tool implementation and dashboard development. To align sub-research questions with the project goals, the DOT Framework was used. This helped to structure each research phase and ensure every aspect of the project was addressed with a specific output. The project began with an analysis of ICL current procurement process, focusing on key components such as purchase requisitions (PRs), purchase orders (POs), and goods receipts (GRs). Process mining capabilities were used to map these stages and uncover inefficiencies such as delays in approval and extended delivery periods. Identifying these delays allowed for a more thorough understanding of the procurement lifecycle. In selecting the right tools for data analysis and visualization, the BARC Score methodology then was utilized. This methodology provided a structured approach for evaluating several platforms based on functionality, and cost effectiveness