192 research outputs found
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Mobile Phone Companies Increasing Market Share through Innovations, R&D Spending and Patents
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the market share of four leading mobile phone companies in the context of their spending on R&D and the number of filed patents. The study aims to identify whether the companies that invest the most in R&D and file more patents have a competitive edge and increased market share compared to others. The adoption and advancement of technologies throughout the documented history of humankind have revealed how employing specific devices has cultivated the power for people and society to communicate. Moreover, innovations in travelling have increased prospects for real-time communication, and innovations in virtual real-time communication like mobile phones and the internet have become a part of everyday life. Following innovations, many companies emerged from nowhere with unique mobile phone devices and continued the business. But, few of them were wiped out from the market because their mobile phone offering was inferior to other competitors. This paper explores the innovation journey of mobile phone companies. In addition, it focuses on four leading brand names and corresponding success failures as well as the role of R&D expense and patents regarding innovations. Usually, innovation is considered as the engine of economic growth that serves customers better products and services and stays relevant in the market. Measuring innovation is not easy, but focusing on R&D and the quantifiable patent indicates that individual companies consistently serve customers with newer and better products
Effects of Changes in Financial Ratios of Companies on the Performance of Stock Prices in the Exchange Market: The Automotive Sector
Get PDFBy examining the relationship between financial ratios of companies and stock prices, this study investigates whether changes in the financial ratios of companies affect stock prices. Twelve financial ratios were used as independent variables and stock price was used as the dependent variable. The study was conducted via panel data analysis method with data from seven automotive companies traded in Borsa İstanbul (BIST) and six automotive companies traded in stock markets of Germany, the USA, and Sweden for the period of 2007Q1-2018Q4. For automotive companies traded in BIST, stock price is affected by liquidity ratios, financial structure ratios, and activity ratios but there is no statistically significant relationship between stock price and profitability ratios. On the other hand, for the automotive companies traded in stock exchanges in other countries, stock price is seen to be affected by liquidity ratios, financial structure ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios
Real-Estate Entrepreneurship from Baumol\u27s Productive and Unproductive Typology: A Contestable Markets Approach
Get PDFThe role of innovation in economic development has long been a topic of discussion among economists. Despite that, the economic pay-off mechanisms which support or hinder innovative entrepreneurial acts, particularly in the emerging economy context are significantly underexplored in academic studies. In this study, we aim to fill this important gap in the literature by taking Baumol’s contestable markets theory and the typology of productive and unproductive entrepreneurship. As Baumol has advocated, the economies that offer higher pay-offs to productive entrepreneurial acts are more likely to thrive mainly due to the increased capacity of economic growth, while developing and poor economies struggle. In this study, we posit that in the developing and emerging market contexts, formal policies are claimed to prioritize the production of more innovative and productive start-ups and a climate that supports and fosters productive entrepreneurial acts. Despite that, there are still major administrative, social and cultural barriers towards creation of innovative start-ups and a productive entrepreneurship ecosystem. Here, continuing political, economic and social support towards unproductive entrepreneurship acts, in particular real-estate entrepreneurship emerges as one of the main factors that hinder the flow of funds towards innovation and technology. We thus argue that, being unable to balance the role of these unproductive entrepreneurial acts with productive ones in economy significantly deteriorates the sustainable economic growth and a high standard of living in emerging and developing economy contexts. In the implications section, several precautions and support mechanisms for overcoming the barriers towards productive entrepreneurship are presented and discussed
Determinants of Stock Market Indices: An Analysis of Emerging Markets of Brazil, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey
Get PDFThis paper investigates the dynamic relationship between the stock market index and a set of macroeconomic variables in four emerging countries. The dependent variable measures monthly stock exchange points of respective markets from January 2010 to March 2021. Independent variables consist of the 5-Year bond yields, CDS Premiums, VIX Futures, gold price, MSCI Emerging Market Index, and Oil Prices. Since the dependent and independent variables have a cointegrating relationship, we conducted our analyses in both the short and long term. Findings indicated that CDS premiums, oil and gold prices have a negative, while VIX and MSCI have a positive effect on the stock index in the long term. On the other hand, bond yields and the COVID-19 have a negative while MSCI has a positive effect in the short term. In addition, the long-term effects are much evident in Brazil and Russia. The speed of adjustment to the long-term equilibrium in the stock market index is much higher in Turkey and Mexico
The Effect of Regulations on Stock Market Risk (Volatility) in Nigeria
Get PDFRecent regulations are directed at mitigating financial market risk, because risks, especially volatility dampen investors’ confidence, and hinder firms’ ability to raise funds at the exchange. Though, volatility had been investigated in the past, the joint utilization of micro and macro regulatory tools to address it after the global crisis is rare. It is on this backdrop that this study investigates the effect of regulations on stock market risk (volatility) in Nigeria. Thirteen interest charging banks listed in the Nigerian Exchange Limited for the period of 2010-2020 were investigated, because bank stocks are mostly traded at the exchange. Data for this study were collected from the banks’ annual reports, stock exchange official daily price lists as well as the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin various issues. The first difference generalized method of moments (DGMM) and the dynamic model were engaged in the investigation. Results of this study reveal that regulatory liquidity ratio and monetary policy rate positively and significantly impact stock market risk (volatility), while prescribe cash reserve ratio has negative and significant effects. The implication of this finding is that regulations except cash reserve instruments constitute frictions impacting equity market risk. Therefore, it is recommended that caution is exercised in the use of micro and macro regulatory weapons. Otherwise, investors’ confidence will decline and investments will reduce
The Influence of Dividend Payments on Share Price in Manufacturing Firms Quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange
Get PDFThis paper examined the influence of dividend payments on the price of share of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria employing panel data with 125 data observations spanning from 2014-2018. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select twenty-five manufacturing companies investigated from the Nigerian stock market. A linear regression model was specified and was further broken down into a bivariate regression model and the method of least square regression was adopted for data analysis. The outcome of the panel regression indicated that, dividend per share has a positive influence on the price of shares of high and low geared manufacturing firms; earnings per shares positively influence the shares price of both dividend and non-dividend paying manufacturing companies; dividend yield show an adverse effect on the share price of new and old manufacturing companies; credit risk was found to positively impact share price of big manufacturing companies, but adversely affect the share price of small manufacturing companies in Nigeria. In view of the outcomes of the analysis, the study therefore recommended that a conducive and favorable business environment should be created by the government for both old and new manufacturing companies in Nigeria to thrive. Also, credit risk should be effectively and efficiently managed by small manufacturing companies in particular in order to eliminate its adverse influence on their share price
Role of Career Oriented Perceived Organizational Support in Determining Subjective Career Success of Supervisory Level Managers in Manufacturing Firms
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine whether the career oriented perceived organizational support (POS-Career) is positively related to the employee subjective career success. An online survey was distributed among a random sample of 150 supervisory level managers in 15 large scale manufacturing firms in Sri Lanka. With a response rate of 59%, 88 managers responded to the survey. The results of Multiple Hierarchical Regression analysis reported that the POS-Career is positively associated with the subjective career success of supervisory level managers. This finding implies that employees believe their career progress is consistent with their own goals, values and preferences when they have developed a perception about the organization’s caring of their career needs. The study made a methodological contribution by validating a questionnaire for POS-Career. Since, there is scant amount of literature that has examined this relationship, the current study made an empirical contribution by undertaking a study in a developing country context. Also, this study made implications to the existing theories such as, perceived organizational support, psychological contract, and social exchange as well as to the extended model of social cognitive career theory. In terms of policy implications, an organization should develop a career development culture by providing employees with a range of career development opportunities, senior management’s leadership for career development programs and developing a climate for employees to involve in career self-management by engaging with networking and visibility behaviors. In response, they develop a belief that their career progress is consistent with their own goals, values and preferences. The limitations of the study and directions for future research are also discussed
Hosting Major International Sports Events in a Country: A Socioeconomic Impact
Get PDFThis research focuses on the impact of sponsoring major sports events concerned with the socioeconomic aspects of Qatar. Context is the hosting of FIFA 2022 in Qatar. A questionnaire has been developed based on the underpinning theory, which included seven dimensions of measuring socioeconomic impact that covered Micro, Meso, Macroeconomic, Employment, Quality of Life, Social Cohesion and Environmental aspects. Questionnaire survey was conducted for a sample size of 126, which included the managers from tourism industry and sponsoring of sports events. The research methodology involved descriptive statistics calculations using MS Excel and SPSS. The response score was collected on a 5-point Likert scale for quantitative measures and the Mean, Standard Deviation, Kurtosis, Skewness and Frequency Distributions were computed for seven dimensions. The responses were later categorized into degrees of agreement with a priori scale to understand the relative impact of sponsoring sports events concerned with socioeconomic aspects. The results have indicated that, the highest impact would be on the creation of Environmental Consciousness among the citizens of Qatar followed by the impact on the Micro, Meso and Macroeconomic aspects of the country. These revelations have led providing suggestions to policy makers, which would be useful particularly in the present situation where Qatar is planning for FIFA 2022
Country-Level Size Effects in International Asset Pricing
Get PDFThis paper investigates whether small markets offer higher risk-adjusted expected returns using a large set of developed and emerging markets over a time span of up to four decades. The results show that expected returns are significantly lower in larger markets, an effect more pronounced in emerging rather than developed countries. The relationship between size effects and the level of market segmentation in emerging countries is further explored in the context of financial market integration. The size premium is strong and persistent over time independently of the (fading) segmentation premium documented in the literature. Markets size effects remain statistically and economically significant in the presence of various control factors and account for up to 1% per year in terms of expected returns in emerging countries
Measurement of Employees on Human Resources with Fuzzy Logic
Get PDFArtificial intelligence, which is the indispensable technology of our age, has started to gain a place in many institutions. Institutions give great importance to human resources management because hiring the right employee for the job will increase productivity within the organization. When recruiting personnel for the position, human resources face difficulties such as measuring the success levels of applicants and deciding whether they are suitable. In this study, in order to provide solutions to the difficulties encountered, a decision-making mechanism is created by using the fuzzy logic method, which is one of the artificial intelligence techniques. This decision-making mechanism measures the performance of people applying for recruitment. While measuring performance, all applications are taken into consideration, and a rule base is formed according to graduation status and experience. The system, which is based on this rule base, evaluates people according to the inputs and finds out their success levels in return. According to the results, it is decided whether the persons are suitable for the position sought. When human resources departments in corporations are combined with artificial intelligence technologies, an advantage will be achieved in the competitive environment between corporations