31325 research outputs found
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Towards reproducing semantic change: an iterative in Syrian Arabic
No full textThis paper investigates the potential for semantic change in the Syrian Arabic adverb kaman marah (“again, once more”), currently restricted to repetitive contexts. Inspired by the historical shift of the synonymous Standard Arabic adverb thaniyaten from repetitive to restitutive/counterdirectional readings, we simulate conditions under which kaman marah could acquire restitutive interpretations. Using an experimental approach, we test its acceptability in restitutive/counterdirectional contexts, focusing on bridging contexts with mixed antecedents and ‘return’ verbs. Our findings show that prior exposure to such bridging contexts improves the acceptability of kaman marah in restitutive/counterdirectional readings. These results align with the historical trajectory of the adverb thaniyaten and support attempts to simulate language change. A larger thematic background of the study is the issue of (non-)directionality in semantic change and the contextual mechanisms driving new readings in iteratives
Digital technologies commercially available in Germany in the context of nature conservation and ecosystem service provisioning in agriculture
No full textThis review focused on the inventory of current digital technologies available on the agricultural market in Germany. A total of 189 digital technologies were found as of December 2023. Digital technologies in agriculture rarely contain few components. They consist of various other technologies that have many common interfaces. Therefore, a classification on two levels was done: technologies categorized according to their type (software-based and hardware-based technologies) and mode of operation (farm management information systems/ decision support systems, digital technologies for guidance and steering, digital information platforms, citizen science applications and platforms, sensors, field robots and unmanned aerial vehicles). Furthermore, the expected potentials of these digital tools for the promotion of nature conservation and ecosystem service provisioning in Germany were framed. The review also discusses barriers that can impact nature conservation and ecosystem service provisioning. Germany, as one of the world’s leading nations in the production and use of modern technologies, had set ambitious goals regarding digitalisation as a solution for nature conservation and ecosystem service provisioning problems, which have not yet been fulfilled. The potentials for nature conservation and ecosystem service provisioning are still strongly supressed by non-sustainable barriers, e.g., high acquisition costs, practical maturity, mode of operation and infrastructure. Current policies and societal preferences are not yet contributing enough to steer the use of digital technologies in a direction of nature conservation and providing ecosystem services. Furthermore, the main participants in the digitalisation discussion are researchers, whereby the smallest group of participants are farmers. For a sustainable digital transformation of agriculture, including restoration and protection targets of nature, and ecosystems, more wide-ranging, and diversifying changes supported by digitalisation are needed along agricultural and ecological concepts leading to long-term resilience of agricultural systems.Peer Reviewe
Evaluation of nutrients, antioxidants and sensory characteristics of optimized wheat-orange-fleshed sweet potato and pumpkin composite bread and storage stability in three packaging materials
No full textThis study evaluated the nutrients, antioxidants, physical and sensory properties of three optimized composite bread products formulated from wheat flour (WF), orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and pumpkin flour (PK). The optimized bread formulations were: WF-OFSP (70.6% WF and 29.4% OFSP, baked at 180 °C for 15 min); WF-PK (85% WF and 15% PK, baked at 180 °C for 20 min); and WF-OFSP-PK (78.5% WF, 11.5% OFSP, and 10.0% PK, baked at 160 °C for 20 min). Bread made from 100% wheat flour was used as control. Moreover, the study assessed the influence of three packaging materials, namely single-layer polyethylene (SLPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) on bread quality and shelf life during storage at room temperature. The optimized composite bread exhibited significantly (p 0.05) difference between packaging materials. The optimized composite bread had a microbial shelf life of 3 days. The composite bread had a higher preference for colour, aroma and sweetness but a lower preference for texture than the control. Nevertheless, the composite bread and control had comparable overall acceptability (liked very much). The production and consumption of these nutritionally and bioactive compounds riched composite bread products could help improve food security, nutrition and health.Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschafthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005908Peer Reviewe
Die Masse als Parasit in Alexander Kiellands Roman Jacob
No full textAlexander Kielland zeichnet in seinem letzten Roman Jacob (1891) von der Warte des kulturell- und geistig Überlegenen aus das Bild einer kranken, durchkapitalisierten Gesellschaft ohne Moral. Diese Diagnose präzisierend und kontextualisierend konzentriert sich der Aufsatz auf den Protagonisten des Romans: Tørres. Er soll als Personifikation jenes kollektiven Antagonisten gelesen werden, der im Elitendiskurs des späten 19. Jahrhunderts den »großen Menschen« gegenübersteht: die »Masse«. Die ökonomische wie soziale Gefahr, die von der Masse ausgeht, wird in Jacob vor allem über eine Bildsprache des Parasitären vermittelt. Tørres, so wird die Analyse zeigen, befällt immer größere Teile der Gesellschaft und schickt sich am Ende des Romans sogar an, über die Diegese hinauszuwachsen.Jacob (1891) is Alexander Kielland's last novel. From the perspective of a culturally and intellectually superior individual, it portrays a sick, thoroughly capitalistic society lacking any moral. The text specifies and contextualizes this diagnosis by focusing on the protagonist of the novel: Tørres. He is interpreted as the personification of the collective antagonist who stands in opposition to the »great man« in the elite discourse of the late 19th century: »the masses«. The economic and social danger posed by the masses is conveyed in Jacob primarily through a pictorial language of the parasitic. The author will show that Tørres is infecting more and more parts of the society, and, by the end of the novel, even threatens to grow beyond the diegesis
Eine Online-Inhaltsanalyse mit Schwerpunkt auf Metadaten
No full textDiese Veröffentlichung geht zurück auf eine Masterarbeit im Studiengang Information Science, M. A. an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin aus dem Jahr 2024.Forschungsdaten und ihre Metadaten werden nicht nur in Repositorien, sondern auch auf verschiedenen Websites bzw. -seiten aufbewahrt. Viele von ihnen bleiben jedoch unentdeckt, was oft auf eine unzureichende Beschreibung der Daten zurückzuführen ist. Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist es, herauszufinden, wie Webseiten aussehen, die Forschungsdaten enthalten, beschreiben oder auf Daten verweisen. Es wird ermittelt, welche Informationen sie enthalten und welche verschiedenen Arten von Webseiten es gibt. Zu diesem Zweck wurden 103 Webseiten quantitativ und qualitativ inhaltlich analysiert. Die Analyse basierte auf vier Hauptkategorien: Art der Webseite, Art der Datensätze, Metadaten und URL-Granularität. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Daten und Metadaten erwartungsgemäß nicht ausschließlich in Repositorien zu finden sind. Die Struktur der Webseiten und die Art und Weise, wie Daten und Metadaten präsentiert werden, sind unterschiedlich, und das Vorhandensein von Metadatenelementen variiert
Automated identification of bulk structures, two-dimensional materials, and interfaces using symmetry-based clustering
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.With the rapidly increasing amount of materials data being generated in a variety of projects, efficient and accurate classification of atomistic structures is essential. A current barrier to effective database queries lies in the often ambiguous, inconsistent, or completely missing classification of existing data, highlighting the need for standardized, automated, and verifiable classification methods. This work proposes a robust solution for identifying and classifying a wide spectrum of materials through an iterative technique, called symmetry-based clustering (SBC). Because SBC is not a machine learning-based method, it requires no prior training. Instead, it identifies clusters in atomistic systems by automatically recognizing common unit cells. We demonstrate the potential of SBC to provide automated, reliable classification and to reveal well-known symmetry properties of various materials. Even noisy systems are shown to be classifiable, showing the suitability of our algorithm for real-world data applications. The software implementation is provided in the open-source Python package, MatID, exploiting synergies with popular atomic-structure manipulation libraries and extending the accessibility of those libraries through the NOMAD platform.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)501100001659Peer Reviewe
Revising Common Approaches for Calibration: Insights From a 1‐D Tracer‐Aided Hydrological Model With High‐Dimensional Parameters and Objectives
No full textThe dimensionality of parameters and objectives has been increasing due to the accelerating development of models and monitoring network, which brings potential challenges for calibration. In this study, two common philosophies for multi‐objective optimisation in hydrology (the use of aggregated scalar criterion or vector functions) were revisited with different sampling strategies: (a) random sampling, (b) DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM as an example of an aggregated scalar function), and (c) Non‐Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II as Pareto‐based multi‐objective optimisation). By testing the ability of algorithms to simultaneously capture soil moisture and soil water isotopes at three depths under four vegetation covers, we found random sampling performed poorly in matching observations due to its inability to explore high‐dimensional parameter space. DREAM, in contrast, could provide efficient parameter convergence with informal likelihood functions, but the choice of formal likelihood function is difficult due to the lack of knowledge about model residuals, leading to poor performance. NSGA‐II is effective and efficient after aggregating objectives to ≤4, but failed when calibrating against all 24 objectives. Overall, both philosophies and all three approaches are challenged by increasing dimensionality, and it generally requires a degree of trial‐and‐error before achieving a successful calibration. This suggests the potential to explore a more flexible way to describe model residuals (e.g., by defining limits of acceptability). Alternatively, improvements could be made by using an ensemble of models to represent the system (instead of “best” model) given the average of a calibrated ensemble usually performed better than any individual model.Peer Reviewe
Same same or different? Party competition in multi-channel communication environments
No full textPolitische Kommunikation in modernen Demokratien ist geprägt durch eine Vielzahl von Kommunikationskanälen, die von politischen Akteuren genutzt werden, wie etwa Pressemitteilungen, öffentliche Reden oder soziale Medien. Die Auswirkungen dieses Kommunikationsumfelds auf das Funktionieren von Demokratien sind Gegenstand zahlreicher Debatten. Inwieweit, wie und warum der Parteienwettbewerb beeinflusst wird, ist jedoch weitestgehend unklar. Die vorliegende Dissertation erforscht diese Frage, indem sie Parteienwettbewerb und politisches Agenda-Setting in verschiedenen Kommunikationskanälen vergleicht. Die Dissertation entwickelt und testet einen theoretischen Rahmen zum Einfluss von Kommunikationskanälen auf den Parteienwettbewerb. Methodisch stützt sich die Dissertation vor allem auf umfangreiche Textdaten (z.B. Parlamentsreden, Pressemitteilungen, Tweets, Facebook-Posts) von Parteien aus Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz, sowie auf computergestützte Verfahren zur Textanalyse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kommunikationskanäle eine entscheidende, aber bisher weitgehend übersehene Rolle im Parteienwettbewerb spielen und mehrere Phasen des politischen Agenda-Setting-Prozesses beeinflussen. Erstens bieten die Merkmale verschiedener Kanäle den Parteien unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten, sich auf Themenpräferenzen zu konzentrieren oder auf Informationen zu reagieren. Zweitens können verschiedene Kanäle das Ausmaß und die Art des Agenda-Settings zwischen den Parteien verändern. Drittens wird das Zusammenspiel zwischen Parteien und Nachrichtenmedien durch die Merkmale der Parteikanäle und die verschiedenen Arten von Nachrichtenmedien geprägt. Die Dissertation erweitert unser Verständnis und Wissen über den Parteienwettbewerb in zeitgenössischen Demokratien. Damit leistet sie einen Beitrag zur breiteren öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Debatte über den Wandel der politischen Kommunikation und ihre (angeblichen) Auswirkungen auf das Funktionieren von Demokratien.Political communication in contemporary democracies is marked by a plethora of communication channels that can be used by political actors, such as press releases, public speeches or social media platforms. The (potential) effects of contemporary multi-channel communication environments on the functioning of democracies is subject to an extensive public debate. However, to what extent, how and why this affects party competition remains largely unclear. This dissertation empirically addresses this question by comparing party competition and political agenda setting in different communication channels. The dissertation develops and tests a theoretical framework on how communication channels influence party competition. Methodologically, the dissertation relies on large-scale textual data (e.g. parliamentary speeches, press releases, tweets, Facebook posts) from parties in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, as well as various state-of-the-art computer-based text analysis techniques. The findings show that communication channels play a crucial, but so far largely overlooked, role in party competition, affecting several stages of the political agenda setting process. First, the characteristics of different channels provide parties with different opportunity structures to focus on issue preferences or respond to information, such as other parties, external events or public opinion. Second, the use of different channels (can) transform the extent and nature of agenda setting between parties. Third, the interplay between political parties and the news media is also shaped by the characteristics of party channels and different types of news media. This dissertation informs our understanding and significantly expands our existing knowledge about party competition in contemporary democracies. It thereby contributes to the broader public and academic debate on the transformation of political communication and its (alleged) effects on the functioning of democracies
Implications for Planning, Management and Design
No full textBewertungen von Ökosystemleistungen (ÖSL) können eine Schlüsselrolle für das Management landwirtschaftlicher Systeme spielen. Ihr Einfluss auf Planung und Management war bisher allerdings unzureichend. Diese Dissertation konzentriert sich auf den Vergleich unterschiedlicher Methoden zur Erfassung von ÖSL, um räumlich differenzierte und nutzerspezifische Daten über ÖSL in Agrarlandschaften zu erfassen und die Entwicklung von ÖSL-basierten Agrarsystemen zu fördern. Im Rahmen der Analyse wird die Nachfrage nach regulierenden ÖSL sowie das wahrgenommene Angebot dieser ÖSL durch eine partizipative Kartierungsübung erfasst. Die Resultate der Kartierung werden mit den Ergebnissen biophysikalischer Bewertungen derselben ÖSL verglichen. Dabei kommen verschiedene Datenquellen, einschließlich Fernerkundungsdaten und Proxy-Indikatoren, zum Einsatz. Die Analyse mehrerer ÖSL innerhalb der Studie ermöglicht die Identifizierung von Cold Spots. Darüber hinaus werden die Auswirkungen von Agroforst-Alley-Cropping-Systemen auf bestimmte mikroklimatische Bedingungen und den Wasserhaushalt untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen sowohl eindeutige als auch teilweise widersprüchliche Effekte von Baumreihen auf die ÖSL. Diese Divergenzen lassen sich auf Unterschiede der untersuchten Systeme sowie im Studiendesign zurückführen, zudem spielt die Heterogenität innerhalb der Alley-Cropping-Systeme eine Rolle. Abschließend wird ein Bericht aus einem Agroforstkurs vorgestellt, der die Planung eines Agroforstsystems auf Grünland dokumentiert. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass eine Kombination aus sozialen und biophysikalischen Bewertungsmethoden mit langfristigen Monitoring und klarem Fokus auf Prioritäten und Forschungsziele, dazu beitragen könnte, das Verständnis des Prozessgeschehens in komplexen Agrarökosystemen zu vertiefen. Zudem können niedrigschwellige Ansätze wie Citizen Science oder einfache partizipative Übungen wertvolle Ergänzungen zu Messungen und biophysikalischen Methoden darstellen.Ecosystem service (ES) assessments can play a key role in the management of agricultural ES. However, their impact in planning and management has so far been deficient. The focus of this thesis is the testing of different methods for assessing ES in order to obtain spatially and beneficiary-differentiated data on ES in agricultural landscapes, and to design ES-based farming systems. Two different perspectives are chosen: An assessment perspective and a design perspective. Within the assessment perspective, the demand for regulating ES is investigated with a participatory mapping exercise, as well as the perceived supply of these ES. The results from the PGIS mapping are then compared to results from biophysical assessments of the same ES. Different data sources, remote sensing data, and proxy indicators are used in the biophysical assessment to evaluate and spatially display the ES. The assessment of multiple ES within the study allows for the creation of cold spots of ES supply. In the design perspective, the effects of agroforestry alley cropping systems on specific microclimatic and water balance aspects are investigated. Results indicate several unambiguous effects of tree rows on some ES, and contradictory effects on others. Reasons for these results are variations in the design of the investigated systems and study design, as well as the heterogeneity within alley cropping systems and multiple feedback interactions between microclimatic variables. Last, a final report from an agroforestry course is presented, showing the planning of an agroforestry system on grassland.
We conclude that the combination of social and biophysical assessment methodologies applied in a long-term monitoring scheme with clear focus on priorities and research goals would help to increase process understanding of complex agroecosystems. Low threshold methods such as citizen science or simple participatory exercises can be a valuable contribution to measurements and biophysical methods
Bericht zum Projekt „Die Bedeutung der deutschen Sprache bei der Integration aus Sicht von vietnamesischen Auszubildenden in Deutschland“
No full textIm Kontext der Fachkräfteanwerbung kommen seit 2012 vermehrt vietnamesische Auszubildende nach Deutschland. Das in diesem Bericht vorgestellte Projekt fokussiert auf diese Form der Arbeitsmigration aus der Perspektive der vietnamesischen Auszubildenden, um der Frage nachzugehen, wie diese ihre Integration und die Rolle der deutschen Sprache in diesem Prozess selbst wahrnehmen. Hierzu werden einige solcher Auszubildenden über ein Jahr lang begleitet, indem sowohl vor der Migration als auch danach problemzentrierte Leitfadeninterviews mit ihnen geführt werden.Since 2012, an increasing number of Vietnamese apprentices have been coming to Germany as part of skilled labor recruitment efforts. The project presented in this report focuses on this form of labor migration from the apprentices’ perspective, aiming to investigate how they perceive their integration and the role of the German language in this process. To gain these insights, several apprentices are accompanied over the course of a year, with problem-centered guided interviews conducted before, during, and after their migration