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Technical Design Report for the LUXE experiment
No full textThis Technical Design Report presents a detailed description of all aspects of the LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment), an experiment that will combine the high-quality and high-energy electron beam of the European XFEL with a high-intensity laser, to explore the uncharted terrain of strong-field quantum electrodynamics characterised by both high energy and high intensity, reaching the Schwinger field and beyond. The further implications for the search of physics beyond the Standard Model are also discussed.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) (4201)Peer Reviewe
Predicting and optimizing marketing performance in dynamic markets
No full textOur world is turbulent: ecological, social, political, technological, economic, and competitive business environments change constantly. Consumers have changing preferences, learn, build trust in brands, adopt new products, and are persuaded by advertising. Firms innovate and engage in and respond to competition. Exogenous events, such as changes in economic conditions and regulations, as well as human crises, also cause major shifts in markets. This special issue focuses on novel Marketing data and modern methodologies from different fields (e.g., Operations Research (OR), Statistics, Econometrics, and Computer Science), which help firms understand, utilize, and respond to market dynamics more efficiently. Here we propose a framework comprising analytical methods and data for dynamic markets that is useful for structuring research in this domain. Next, we summarize the history of the Marketing/OR interface. We highlight studies at the Marketing/OR interface from the last decade focusing specifically on dynamic markets and use our proposed framework to identify trends and gaps in the extant literature. After that, we present and summarize the papers of the current special issue and their contributions to the field against the backdrop of our framework and the trends in the literature. Finally, we conclude and discuss which future Marketing/OR research could tackle important issues in dynamic markets.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Technische Universität Clausthal (3138)Peer Reviewe
Service Provision as Part of Religious Life in an Eritrean Orthodox Community in Berlin, Germany
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Despite a growing body of academic literature on religion and migration, there is limited focus on the roles of migrant religious communities and on how religious everyday practices intersect with migration and its implications. This study seeks to address these issues from a post- and decolonial perspective, through the analysis of the activities of the St. Georgis Eritrean orthodox church in Berlin. It draws on material collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and primary text analysis between 2023 and 2024. Some of the main findings include the fact that the church provides a range of services to its members, e.g., family conflict resolution sessions and specific meetings for families with children with disabilities, which address some of the issues that the community itself chooses to prioritise and that are not addressed by other service providers. Analysing the establishment of the church and its social activities, this article focuses on the agency of the congregation and how it challenges Northern/Western religion and migration frameworks, with a specific focus on its religious dimension.Peer Reviewe
Home Swapping as a Suitable Strategy for Older Downsizers?
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.The current global trend of increasing per capita living space in combination with more and smaller households will intensify resource and energy consumptions in the housing sector. Scientific scholars, thus, unanimously plead for a reduction of per capita living consumption. Since the demographic trend of aging will further contribute to a high increase of single households and cause further under-occupation of living space, the potential to spatially downsize is particularly high among those older age cohorts. However, the often-limited housing choices for seniors do not allow for a large-scale downsizing development. Beyond that, the discourse on housing downsizing lacks a discussion of distinct strategies of how to effectively offer options for older people to do so. Hence, the paper at hand presents the distinct instrument of home swapping which has lately been introduced by several German municipalities to more adequately allocate the existing housing space. Since a profound scientific debate of this approach is still pending, this contribution discusses home swapping as a suitable strategy to incentivize older households to downsize on their living space. In order to do so, the home swapping schemes of four German cities have been analyzed to add scientific evidence on the potentials and challenges of the instrument to downsize housing consumption.Peer Reviewe
Visual routines for detecting causal interactions are tuned to motion direction
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Detecting causal relations structures our perception of events in the world. Here, we determined whether generalized or specialized visual routines underly the perception of causality by assessing the adaptability of specific features in launching events of simple geometric shapes. After prolonged exposure to causal launch events (the adaptor) defined by a particular set of features (i.e., a particular motion direction, motion speed, or feature conjunction), observers were less likely to see causal interactions in subsequent ambiguous test events. We assessed whether this negative aftereffect transfers to test events with a new set of feature values that were not presented during adaptation. Processing in specialized (as opposed to generalized) visual routines predicts that the transfer of adaptation depends on the feature-similarity of the adaptor and the test event. We show that negative aftereffects do not transfer to unadapted launch directions. Crucially, adaptation was contingent on the causal impression in launches as demonstrated by a lack of adaptation in non-causal control events. In contrast, adaptation to launches with a particular motion speed transferred also to a different speed. Moreover, adaptation based on feature conjunctions (color and launch direction) revealed that launch direction trumps the feature identity of the object for causal perception; the adaptation transferred across colors if the test event had the same motion direction as the adaptor. In summary, visual adaptation allowed us to carve out a visual feature space underlying the perception of causality and revealed specialized visual routines that are tuned to a launch’s motion direction.Peer Reviewe
The perceived roles of plurilingual and pluripedagogical practices in English medium instruction language teacher education in Francophone Switzerland
No full textThis survey examines the roles of EMI, plurilingual, and pluripedagogical teacher training in shaping the language ideologies of primary and secondary EFL teacher trainees. It explores how these practices influence their knowledge and learning processes. Based on multilingual research and Swiss education language policies, the study reveals future EFL teachers’ perspectives on plurilingualism and its impact on their professional development and language competence. The results indicate a plurilingual mindset, with a preference for English as the medium of instruction due to the professional growth opportunities provided by plurilingual and pluripedagogical practices.Cette recherche examine les rôles de l'anglais comme langue d'enseignement et des pratiques plurilingues et pluripédagogiques dans les idéologies des enseignants d'anglais langue étrangère en formation initiale. Elle explore leur influence sur les connaissances, les processus d'apprentissage et les pratiques associées à la profession d'enseignant. Basée sur des travaux sur le plurilinguisme et les politiques éducatives suisses, l’étude analyse les perceptions des enseignants concernant le plurilinguisme et son impact sur leur développement professionnel et leurs compétences linguistiques. Les résultats révèlent un esprit plurilingue, bien que l'anglais reste préféré comme langue d'enseignement, grâce aux opportunités de développement professionnel et à la richesse ajoutée par les pratiques plurilingues et pluripédagogiques.Peer Reviewe
Katharina Brizić (2022). Der Klang der Ungleichheit. Biografie, Bildung und Zusammenhalt in der vielsprachigen Gesellschaft. Münster: Waxmann.
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JLT-Gespräch: Die Praxis der Literaturtheorie
Get PDFJLT Talks offers a new format for discussing current topics in the field of literary theory. It was inspired by the focus of this special issue, which foregrounds the practice of literary theory. Although the amount of praxeological work has increased in recent years, there are only a few studies that deal specifically with literary theory. The participants in the discussion – Eva Geulen, Steffen Martus, and Carlos Spoerhase – explore the challenges facing a practical analysis of literary theory. They discuss what it might mean to move from the concept of theory to the concept of theorizing, and where the expected advantages and possible deficits of a praxeological approach and reconstruction of theorizing might lie. One focus is put on the questions of how theorizing can be conceptualized, which indicators are to be assumed, to what extent it differs from other practices in literary studies, and which forms and norms of theorizing should be analysed praxeologically. The discussion outlines a spectrum of theorizing practices, ranging from the establishment and implementation of ›grand theories‹ and the theoretical reflection of conceptual foundations to smaller-scale practices, such as abstraction and generalization. In addition, the analytical view of the activities and claims associated with ›theory‹ is distinguished from literary theorists’ self-reflection (self-understanding). Various features are discussed which indicate practices of theorizing, including abstracting, generalizing, explaining and disciplining scientific exchange. In addition, the discussants consider to what extent there are different ›degrees‹ of theorizing, and emphasize the need to distinguish between theory as a result and theory as an activity or process. As proposed, theorizing can be understood as an activity that shapes processes of literary research as a whole and is determined by the subject matter. It becomes clear that practices of theorizing should not be viewed in isolation, but rather in their interplay with other practices, especially practices of interpretation.
Further questions that are addressed include the following: What do ›grand theories‹ with general explanatory claims such as deconstruction or systems theory achieve, and to what extent have they changed literary studies? How can theorizing be better conveyed in university teaching? The ›standard‹ approach – reading theoretical texts, deriving methodological consequences from them, and applying them to literary texts – is considered to be inadequate. Instead, in teaching, stronger emphasis should be put on theorizing as an intellectual and collaborative activity. This could be achieved by integrating practices of trial and error into the teaching of theory. The advantage of a theoretical orientation, in the sense of abstraction as well as the generalization of problems and statements, is undisputed, especially with regard to communication and exchange with the international academic community: a common theoretical basis seems to promote international exchange, while facilitating interdisciplinarity. Nevertheless, the question arises as to whether there is a certain ›level of theory‹ that guarantees international and interdisciplinary connectivity. What costs are associated with a specific level of generalization? To what extent is the development of abstract ›grand theories‹ driven by a striving for symbolic capital? Finally, the notorious question of the material required for a comprehensive praxeological analysis of theorizing is addressed.Peer Reviewe