31325 research outputs found
Sort by
Highly Emissive Hexa‐peri‐benzocoronene‐fluoranthene Hybrid as Easily Processable and Stable OLED Material
No full textWe report the synthesis of a fluorescent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dye with a “symmetry‐broken” core, derived from the related hexa‐ peri ‐benzocoronene (HBC) core with a fluoranthene subunit. The fluorophore is composed of a pure carbon skeleton without heteroatoms and exhibits remarkable photoluminescence properties with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 67% in toluene, exceeding that of the parent HBC by a factor of 30. The single crystal X‐ray structure reveals the distorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure, which is responsible for the optoelectronic properties, as supported by density functional theory calculations. We show that the new fluorescent dye can be readily used for the fabrication of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) without extensive optimization, whereby solubility in a variety of solvents and successful film formation are decisive.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659German Research Foundation 10.13039/501100001659Helmholtz Innovation Lab HySPRINTGerman Academic Scholarship FoundationStudienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes 10.13039/501100004350Zentraleinrichtung für DatenverarbeitungFreie Universität Berlin 10.13039/501100007537Core Facility BioSupraMolPeer Reviewe
On the Epistemology of Psychiatric Diagnostic Reasoning
No full textThe publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.How do clinical psychiatrists arrive at their diagnostic conclusions? Little attention has been directed to this question by philosophers of psychiatry. Adrian Kind presents a systematic, in-depth philosophical investigation into this question and argues that psychiatric diagnostic reasoning can be understood as a model-based reasoning procedure analogous to scientific model-based reasoning. To support this, he draws on ideas from the philosophy of science, psychiatry, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. This study is an invaluable resource for practicing psychiatrists, philosophers interested in psychiatry, and researchers in artificial intelligence or cognitive science interested in medical cognition.Peer Reviewe
Für eine stärkere Verbindung von Rassismus- und Antisemitismusforschung: Ein Vorschlag zur Übertragung des Konzepts des „institutionellen Rassismus“ auf Antisemitismus
No full textOn 2d Gauged Supergravity
No full textSupergravitationstheorien sind gravitative Feldtheorien mit lokaler Supersymmetrie. Solche Theorien existieren in bis zu elf Dimensionen. Von der 11d Supergravitationstheorie können durch dimensionale Reduktion ungeeichte Supergravitationstheorien in d<11 Dimensionen hergeleitet werden. Diese Theorien haben eine globale e(11-d) und eine lokale k(e(11-d)) Symmetrie, wobei k(e(11-d)) die maximale kompakte Unteralgebra von e(11-d) ist. In zwei Dimensionen ist diese Symmetrie unendlich dimensional. Weitere maximalen Supergravitationstheorien können als Eichdeformationen der ungeeichten Theorie erhalten werde. In drei und mehr Dimensionen wurden die Supergravitationstheorien bereits eichdeformiert, während aber die Eichung der 2d Supergravitation ein offenes Problem ist. Wichtige Resultate für den bosonischen Teil der eichdeformierten 2d Supergravitation wurden hergeleitet, allerdings blieb der fermionische Teil der Theorie weitgehend unbekannt. Für die vollständige Theorie muss verstanden werden, wie die e9 Basisdarstellung sich unter k(e9) `zerlegt'. In dieser Arbeit `zerlegen' wir die e9 Basisdarstellung in k(e9) Darstellungen. Dieses Ergebnis erlaubt uns den fermionischen und supersymmetrischen Teil der 2d eichdeformierten Supergravitation zu bestimmen. Allgemeiner finden wir für die Basisdarstellung jeder gespalten-realen einfach-geschnürten affinen Kac-Moody Algebra eine unendliche Zerlegungsreihe, die invariant unter der maximalen kompakten Unteralgebra ist.
Auf diesen Ergebnissen können zukünftige Arbeiten aufbauen. Darstellungstheoretisch ist der nächste Schritt die `Zerlegung' allgemeiner Höchstgewichtsdarstellungen affiner Algebren zu bestimmen. Die supersymmetrischen Ergebnisse der 2d eichdeformierten Theorie erlauben die Bestimmung des skalaren Potentials und der vollständigen geeichten Theorie. Anhand dieser Theorie kann ein Emergenzmechanismus einer Raumdimension studiert werden.Supergravity theories are gravitational field theories with local supersymmetry. The highest dimensional supergravity theory is 11d supergravity, from which one obtains lower-dimensional ungauged maximal supergravity theories by dimensional reduction. The d dimensional ungauged theory has global e(11-d) symmetry and local k(e(11-d)) symmetry, where k(e(11-d)) is the maximal compact subalgebra of e(11-d). These symmetries become infinite-dimensional in the reduction to 2d supergravity. Other maximal supergravity theories can be obtained as gauge deformations of the ungauged theory. While the supergravity theories in dimensions above two were gauged, it remains open to gauge 2d supergravity. Important results were obtained for the bosonic sector of 2d gauged supergravity. However, all fermionic contributions and the full scalar potential remained unknown. The main reason is that the bosons transform in e9 representations, while the fermions transform under k(e9). To understand supersymmetry, we must understand how the e9 representations of the bosons `decompose' under k(e9). In this thesis, we obtain the `decomposition' of the e9 basic representation in k(e9) representations. This result allows us to construct the fermionic sector and the supersymmetry variation of maximal 2d gauged supergravity. More generally, for every split real simply-laced affine Kac-Moody algebra we obtain an infinite composition series of the basic representation under the maximal compact subalgebra. These results have further extensions: The representation theoretical result is a starting point to study the `decomposition' of further highest weight representations of affine algebras. The results on 2d supergravity allow the determination of the scalar potential. The theory also serves as a toy model for an emergent space mechanism
Becoming minor, virtuality and counter-modelling
No full textExpanding from Borbach and Kanderske's study of counter-practices in sensor-media societies this commentary explores two additional aspects that both support their insights. The first, related to the concept of becoming-minor, seeks to further develop their ethical-political framework, while the second, focusing on virtuality and counter-modelling, broadens the scope of analysis to include the entanglement between the virtual and the computational.Peer Reviewe
Impact of biodegradable film packaging and storage conditions on health-promoting compounds and microbial diversity of African nightshade (Solanum nigrum) leaves
No full textThe effect of biodegradable film packaging and storage conditions on health-promoting secondary plant metabolite contents and microbiological quality of African nightshade leaves was investigated. African nightshade cultivated under greenhouse conditions was harvested 11 weeks after sowing, followed by storage in biopacked and unpacked conditions at 6 °C and 20 °C for 7 days. Utilisation of biopacks significantly reduced fresh weight losses (83%–96% at 6 °C; 82%–96% at 20 °C) compared to unpacked samples (65%–71% at 6 °C; 39%–49% at 20 °C), with significantly higher losses in samples at 20 °C. Leaf colour attributes were better retained in biopacked than unpacked samples, with the exception of biopacked samples at 20 °C (day 7), which showed increased leaf yellowing. Except the chlorophyll content; phenolic acids (92%), flavonoids (82%), and carotenoid (99%) contents were retained during storage at both temperatures irrespective of the packaging conditions. In contrast, the ascorbic acid content declined by at least 36% in both biopacked and unpacked samples during storage. With respect to food safety aspects, the use of biopacks did not reduce microbial counts, except for the total bacterial (2.96 log CFU g−1) and mould (3.09 log CFU g−1) counts at 6 °C storage.Peer Reviewe
Is dissociation predicting the efficacy of psychological therapies for PTSD? Results from a randomized controlled trial comparing Dialectical Behavior Therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
No full textBackground: Neuropsychological evidence suggests that dissociation might disturb emotional learning, which is a fundamental mechanism of psychotherapy. However, a recent meta-analysis on the impact of dissociation on treatment outcomes in psychotherapy trials for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reported inconsistent results and concluded that further high-quality clinical trials are needed to test whether dissociation affects the efficacy of psychotherapies. We had two main aims: First, to test whether the efficacy of two evidence-based psychotherapies for individuals with trauma-related PTSD is affected by the level of pretreatment dissociation. Second, we investigated whether a significant reduction in dissociation at an early stage of treatment is beneficial for subsequent efficacy. Methods: The potential impact of dissociation on efficacy was studied in 193 women with PTSD related to childhood abuse who were randomized to dialectical behavior therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) or cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Efficacy was operationalized as a change in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Dissociation was assessed with the Dissociation Tension Scale (DSS). The analyses accounted for major confounders (in particular initial PTSD severity). Results: Two main findings emerged from this study. First, baseline dissociation was a negative predictor for treatment efficacy. Second, a significant drop in dissociation at the initial stages of treatment was beneficial for subsequent efficacy. Conclusions: Dissociation likely reduces the efficacy of trauma-focused therapies. Accordingly, successful reduction of dissociation at an early stage of treatment assists the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapies.Peer Reviewe
Modeling the impact of climate change on maize (Zea mays L.) production at the county scale in Kenya
No full textGlobal climate change is projected to disproportionately impact cereal crop yields in developing regions, such as Kenya, due to increased vulnerability and limited adaptation capacity of the population. This study examines the current and projected influence of climate change on maize yields in two major maize-producing counties of Kenya. Utilizing the calibrated and evaluated DSSAT-CERES-Maize model (where DSSAT is Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer and CERES stands for Crop and Environment REsource Synthesis) for the H614 maize cultivar, we investigated the projected impact of climate change on maize production with reference to a baseline period (1984–2013). Simulations were conducted for the mid-century period (2041–2070) and end-of-century period (2071–2100) using projected climate data from regional climate models (RCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; 4.5 and 8.5) scenarios. Our findings indicate a substantial decline in maize yields, ranging from 7 to 20% for the mid-century period and between 22 and 41% for the end-of-century period, with increased temperature during critical growth phases identified as the primary driver. Spatial clustering and hotspot analysis reveal differential climate impacts across the region. In the end-of-century period, both scenarios revealed that the counties will be marked by hotspots and adaptation spots, areas where climate change adaptation should be intensified. The study underscores the urgency for tailored, location-specific adaptation measures such as maize-legume intercropping, drought-resistant crops, soil water conservation and optimum sowing to mitigate future yield losses and adapt maize production to climate change.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.German Academic Exchange Servicehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100021828Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V. (3493)Peer Reviewe
