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Assessing Humboldt University in Berlin’s Open Access policy with a Marginalised Feminist Policy Analysis Framework
No full textDiese Veröfentlichung geht zurück auf eine Bachelorarbeit im Studiengang Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft (Library and Information Science), B. A. an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin aus dem Jahr 2023.Open Access (OA) promises to ensure equality and inclusion among researchers, scholars and other members of academia. OA’s values align with intersectional feminism superfcially. However, to what degree do institutional Open Access policies represent key values of intersectional feminism according to the used marginalised feminist policy analysis framework? In this thesis I am going to show in how far OA policies align with feminist values by using a feminist policy analysis framework. To answer the RQ, I chose Humboldt University’s OA policy and a marginalised feminist policy framework, to demonstrate the (mis)alignment between the two. The method includes commenting by selected questions on the policy in order to systematically generate the answer to the overall research question. I conclude that it is true what scholars before have observed: policies act rather performative than active, at least in the case of HU’s OA policy. At the end I give a variety of pathways what further research should do in order to transition from the mere idea to actual OA for all regardless of background
A latent change score modeling approach
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Children and youth from lower subjective socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds are at a heightened risk of mental disorders. Online counseling is a valuable tool to reach those less likely to seek professional help, but its success across different SES backgrounds remains unclear. This study explores the association between subjective SES and online counseling outcomes. Children and youth (N = 2139) between 10 and 24 years-of-age received chat-based online counseling and reported on SES, negative feelings before and after the chat, and perceived helpfulness of the chat via an online assessment tool. The results of a latent change score model showed a significant association between SES and negative feelings before chatting, indicating that lower SES predicted more negative feelings (r = −0.26, p < .001). Further, SES was indirectly associated with the change in negative feelings from before to after counseling, mediated by the extent of negative feelings before the chat (β = 0.07, 95%CFI = [0.05–0.10]). Current findings extend research on online counseling programs in the context of SES. Despite higher counseling needs among low SES individuals, they do not benefit proportionally from existing online services in this sample. Future research should investigate barriers to help-seeking and implement specialized counselor training programs.Peer Reviewe
MatK impacts differential chloroplast translation by limiting spliced tRNA‐K(UUU) abundance
No full textThe protein levels of chloroplast photosynthetic genes and genes related to the chloroplast genetic apparatus vary to adapt to different conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms governing these variations remain unclear. The chloroplast intron Maturase K is encoded within the trnK intron and has been suggested to be required for splicing several group IIA introns, including the trnK intron. In this study, we used RNA immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (RIP-Seq) to identify MatK's preference for binding to group IIA intron domains I and VI within target transcripts. Importantly, these domains are crucial for splice site selection, and we discovered alternative 5′-splice sites in three MatK target introns. The resulting alternative trnK lariat structure showed increased accumulation during heat acclimation. The cognate codon of tRNA-K(UUU) is highly enriched in mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and a trnK-matK over-expressor exhibited elevated levels of the spliced tRNA-K(UUU). Ribosome profiling analysis of the overexpressor revealed a significant up-shift in the translation of ribosomal proteins compared to photosynthetic genes. Our findings suggest the existence of a novel regulatory mechanism linked to the abundance of tRNA-K(UUU), enabling the differential expression of functional chloroplast gene groups.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Peer Reviewe
A Comparative Analysis of Collaborative Problem-Solving Skills Between German and Chinese High School Students in Chemistry
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) skills are recognized as an essential aspect of 21st-century skills and STEM education. This study investigates the CPS skills of high school students from Germany and China within the context of chemistry. A total of 594 students, aged 15, were selected, comprising 249 females and 345 males. The German participants were drawn from five public high schools in Berlin, while the Chinese participants were selected from two high schools in Zhejiang. The assessment tool, developed based on the PISA frameworks and refined through pilot testing, was used to assess students’ CPS skills. The study found that Chinese students significantly outperformed their German counterparts in CPS tasks, exhibiting higher average scores and more consistent performance levels. Gender differences were also noted, with female students in both countries outperforming males. The analysis highlighted cultural influences on education, with the collectivist culture in China fostering stronger CPS skills compared to the individualistic tendencies in Germany. These findings suggest that cultural and gender differences need to be taken into account when developing and improving CPS skills. Future research will explore additional factors influencing CPS skills, such as student interest and motivation, to further understand and improve educational practices globally.Peer Reviewe
Deutsche Sehnsüchte nach Norden und skandinavische Antworten
No full textSeit dem 19. Jahrhundert gehört die Reinheitsfrage zum Risikobereich deutscher Identitätssuche. Sie oszilliert von hygienischen bis zu rasseideologischen Inhalten. Virulenz erlangten letztere, als seit dem 19. Jahrhundert in der deutschen völkischen Szene, bedingt durch eigenes Defizitempfinden, Skandinavien zum Sehnsuchtsort der (Rasse-) Reinheit wurde. Die Selbstzuschreibung der Reinheit wohnt auch dem skandinavischen Diskurs inne. Dort stieß die deutsche Reinheitssehnsucht freilich auf wenig Gegenliebe. Im Nationalsozialismus entwickelte sie sich zur Staatsräson. Geblieben ist sie nach 1945 als Propagandaelement der politischen Rechten, aber auch als Denkfigur des gesellschaftlichen Mainstreams.Since the 19th century, the question of purity has been a risk area in the German search for identity. It oscillates between hygienic and racial ideological content. The latter achieved virulence when, from the 19th century onwards, Scandinavia became a place of longing for (racial) purity in the German völkisch milieu, due to its own sense of deficit. The self-attribution of purity is also inherent to the Scandinavian discourse. There, however, the German longing for purity was met with little approval. Under National Socialism it developed into a reason of state. After 1945 it remained as a propaganda element of the political right, but also as a model of thinking in the societal mainstream
Reaction of Lactone-Containing Poly(benzofuran-co-arylacetic acid) with Diamines to Cross-Linked Products of Improved Thermal Conductivity
No full textThe recently developed phenoplast-related polymer, poly(benzofuran- co -arylacetic acid), presents a versatile molecular structure containing lactone and carboxylic acid functionalities that offer significant flexibility in creating cured materials with tailored properties for diverse applications, wherein also the thermal conductivity is an important factor. This study analyses the possibility of forming amide moieties of poly(benzofuran- co -arylacetic acid) with diamines resulting in cross-linked products in order to control its thermal properties. The cross-linking process is achieved by utilizing three distinct diamines, 1,6-diaminohexane, p -xylylenediamine, and 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, each possessing different degrees of polarity, flexibility, and reactivity. The resulting cross-linked zwitterionic poly(benzofuran- co -arylacetic acids) were structurally and morphologically characterized. By means of measuring the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the materials, the possibility of adjusting the thermal properties of the cross-linked products by choosing appropriate linkers was determined. A case was developed where the thermal conductivity and diffusivity increased with temperature, a hardly found property in the cross-linking of polymers being important for many practical applications.This work was supported through the Core Program within the National Research Development and Innovation Plan 2022-2027, carried out with the support of MCID, project no. 27N/03.01.2023, component project code PN 23 24 01 03.National Research Development and Innovation Plan 2022-2027Peer Reviewe
Sprache und Lernen – Diagnostik, Erwerb und Förderung sprachlicher Kompetenzen im Kontext Schule
No full textIn der vorliegenden Habilitationsschrift werden anhand von zehn Einzelbeiträgen Fragen der Diagnostik, des Erwerbs und der Förderung sprachlicher Kompetenzen im schulischen Kontext untersucht. Im Anschluss an die Darstellung zentraler Herausforderungen und Entwicklungsbereiche in der Sprachdiagnostik (Beitrag 1) wird in Beitrag 2 ein Test zur Erfassung des Verständnisses von Bildungssprache in der Grundschule vorgestellt (BiSpra 2-4). Die psychometrischen Kennwerte sprechen überwiegend dafür, dass sich der Test zur reliablen und validen Bestimmung bildungssprachlicher Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten eignet. Die Ergebnisse von Beitrag 3 zeigen, dass die Leistungen in BiSpra 2-4 bedeutsam mit schulischen Kompetenzen zusammenhängen. Beitrag 4 bestätigt die prädiktive Validität des Verständnisses von Satzverbindungen mit Konnektoren (BiSpra-Satz); in den Beiträgen 5 und 6 zeigt sich, dass für fachliche Lernzuwächse im Sachunterricht der Grundschule insbesondere der Fachwortschatz ausschlaggebend ist. In Beitrag 7 wird deutlich, dass sich die Leistungsnachteile von mehrsprachigen Lernenden gegenüber ihren monolingual deutschsprachigen Peers im Laufe der Grundschulzeit zunächst vergrößern, bevor sie sich stabilisieren. Ferner erweist sich der familiäre Buchbestand als signifikanter Prädiktor des Verständnisses von Bildungssprache (Beitrag 8). Fragen der fachintegrierten Förderung bildungssprachlicher Kompetenzen werden in den Beiträgen 9 und 10 untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass eine Lehrkräftefortbildung zum Wissen von Lehrkräften im Bereich Sprachbildung beiträgt und die Umsetzung einer sprachbildenden Unterrichtspraxis begünstigen dürfte (Beitrag 9). Allerdings wirkt sich die Umsetzungsqualität über allgemeine Effekte von forschungsorientierten Sachunterrichtseinheiten hinaus nicht auf die Lernentwicklung von Grundschüler:innen aus. Die Einzelbeiträge werden abschließend zusammenfassend diskutiert und es werden Perspektiven für künftige Forschungsarbeiten aufgezeigt.Based on ten individual contributions, the present habilitation thesis addresses questions on the assessment, acquisition, and support of language competencies in the school context. Following a presentation of central challenges and areas of development in language assessment and diagnostics (Contribution 1), Contribution 2 reports on a test instrument for assessing the comprehension of academic language in elementary school (BiSpra 2-4). By and large, the psychometric properties of the test indicate that the test is a reliable and valid measure of academic language skills. The results of Contribution 3 show that student achievement on BiSpra 2-4 relates to their academic achievement. Contribution 4 supports the predictive validity of a measure for assessing the comprehension of connectives; Contributions 5 and 6 show that subject-specific science vocabulary is pivotal for students’ content-related learning gains. Results of Contribution 7 indicate that the achievement disadvantages of multilingual students compared to their monolingual peers initially increase during elementary school and level off towards the end of elementary school. Moreover, the number of books at home turn out as a significant predictor of students’ academic language comprehension (Contribution 8). Questions concerning subject-integrated language support for fostering academic language proficiency are addressed in Contributions 9 and 10. Analyses show that professional development helps teachers gain language-support skills and seems to support them in adopting language-supportive teaching practices in their regular elementary school science teaching (Contribution 9). However, considering the general effectiveness of inquiry-based science classes, instructional quality does not contribute to elementary school students’ learning gains. Finally, the individual contributions are jointly discussed and perspectives for future research are presented
Dominique Levet, Elena Soare & Anna Zribi-Hertz (2021). Français et langues du monde : comparaison et apprentissage. Vanves : Hachette.
No full textPeer Reviewe
Rewilding the European beaver (Castor fiber) in Berlin, Germany
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Ensuring a livable city for all within the more-than-human discourse, restoration of urban ecosystems requires careful consideration of both human and non-human needs. However, traditional assessments and therefore most management plans usually fail to include the latter as a core planning requirement. This article presents and explains a 10-step method which simultaneously and actively considers both to identify potential restoration areas within urban ecosystems. To do so, a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis for the multispecies needs identification is combined with a Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System (MCSDSS) for the spatial assessment. To validate this method, a case study of Berlin, Germany, an explicitly urban case, is presented. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ecosystem restoration (rewilding) potential of the city's riparian and riverine ecosystems through the enhancement of Eurasian beaver habitats.
• Method combining SWOT analysis with MCSDSS for an integrated spatial assessment
• Well-suited for multispecies (human and non-human) perspective on urban nature restorationPeer Reviewe
Existence Theorems, Stationarity Conditions and Adaptive Numerical Methods for Generalized Nash Equilibrium Problems Constrained by Partial Differential Equations
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit verallg. Nash-Gleichgewichtsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit Optimalsteuerungsproblemen mit (nichtlinearen) partiellen Differentialgleichungen. Ausgehend von der Existenzfrage von Nash-Gleichgewichten werden Bedingungen an Optimalsteuerungsprobleme mit nichtlinearen Lösungsoperatoren hergeleitet, welche die Konvexität des reduzierten Problems garantieren. Dazu nutzen wir die verallg. Konvexität von vektorwertigen Operatoren. Da keine expl. Darstellung des Lösungsoperators bekannt ist, werden hinreichende Bedingungen an die Operatorgleichung formuliert. Zusammen mit Anforderungen an das Zielfunktional wird so die Konvexität des reduzierten Problems garantiert. Das erlaubt auch Stationaritätssysteme im nichtglatten Fall herzuleiten. Eine zusätzliche Bedingung an die Lösung der Operatorgleichung koppelt die Strategien der Spieler. Das markiert den Übergang zu verallgemeinerten Nash-Spielen. Um diese Probleme anzugehen, wenden wir eine Penalty-Technik an. Damit wird die beschriebene Abhängigkeit vermieden und zum Zielfunktional transportiert. Damit wird eine Folge von Ersatzproblemen formuliert, deren Grenze das ursprüngliche Problem ist. Für die mathematische Beschreibung entwickeln wir eine erweiterte Γ-Konvergenz für Gleichgewichtsprobleme. Das Verhalten der Lagrange-Multiplikatoren im Stationaritätssystem wird unter Verwendung einer Pfadverfolgungstechnik analysiert und eine numerisch nutzbare Updatestrategie wird hergeleitet. Für ein praktisch anwendbares Lösungsverfahren ist eine Diskretisierung notwendig. Dazu verwenden wir eine Finite-Elemente-Methode. Die Herleitung der A-priori-Konvergenz basierend auf der zuvor verallgemeinerten Γ-Konvergenz wird für Gleichgewichtsprobleme mit gleichzeitiger Regularisierung etabliert. Im Blick auf durch Hindernisbedingungen erzeugte Kontaktmengen wenden wir uns auch adaptiven Finite-Elemente-Methoden zu.
Unsere theoretischen Ergebnisse werden durch mehrere akademische Anwendungen illustriert.The present work deals with generalized Nash equilibrium problems related to optimal control problems on (nonlinear) partial differential equations. Starting from the question of the existence of Nash equilibria, conditions for optimal control problems with nonlinear solution operators are derived that guarantee the convexity of the reduced problem. To do so, we discuss generalized convexity of vector-valued operators. As no explicit representation of the solution operator is known, conditions on the operator equation that imply this property are formulated. In combination with requirements for the objective functional, the convexity of the reduced problem can be guaranteed. This approach also allows us to derive stationarity systems even in the nonsmooth case.
The presence of a condition on the solution of the operator equation couples the players' strategies. This marks the transition to generalized Nash games. To address these problems, we apply a penalty technique. Hence, the described dependency is avoided and transported to the objective. As the penalty functional is scaled with a parameter, a sequence of surrogate problems, whose limit is the original problem, is formulated. For its mathematical description, we introduce an extended Γ-convergence for equilibrium problems. The behavior of the Lagrangian multipliers in the stationarity system is analyzed using a path-following technique, and a numerically usable update strategy is derived. A discretization is necessary for a practically applicable solution method. For this, we use a finite element method. The derivation of the a priori convergence based on the previously generalized Γ-convergence is established for equilibrium problems with simultaneous regularization. With regard to the presence of contact sets induced by obstacle conditions, we also turn to adaptive finite element methods. Our theoretical results are illustrated by several academic applications