31325 research outputs found
Sort by
Rejoinder on ‘Marked Spatial Point Processes: Current State and Extensions to Point Processes on Linear Networks’
No full textWe are grateful to all discussants for their invaluable comments, suggestions, questions, and contributions to our article. We have attentively reviewed all discussions with keen interest. In this rejoinder, our objective is to address and engage with all points raised by the discussants in a comprehensive and considerate manner. Consistently, we identify the discussants, in alphabetical order, as follows: CJK for Cronie, Jansson, and Konstantinou, DS for Stoyan, GP for Grabarnik and Pommerening, MRS for Myllymäki, Rajala, and Särkkä, and MCvL for van Lieshout throughout this rejoinder.Open access funding provided by Umea University.Umea UniversityPeer Reviewe
Concurrent validity of inertial measurement units in range of motion measurements of upper extremity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textInertial measurement units (IMUs) have proven to be valuable tools in measuring the range of motion (RoM) of human upper limb joints. Although several studies have reported on the validity of IMUs compared to the gold standard (optical motion capture system, OMC), a quantitative summary of the accuracy of IMUs in measuring RoM of upper limb joints is still lacking. Thus, the primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the concurrent validity of IMUs for measuring RoM of the upper extremity in adults. Fifty-one articles were included in the systematic review, and data from 16 were pooled for meta-analysis. Concurrent validity is excellent for shoulder flexion–extension (Pearson’s r = 0.969 [0.935, 0.986], ICC = 0.935 [0.749, 0.984], mean difference = −3.19 (p = 0.55)), elbow flexion–extension (Pearson’s r = 0.954 [0.929, 0.970], ICC = 0.929 [0.814, 0.974], mean difference = 10.61 (p = 0.36)), wrist flexion–extension (Pearson’s r = 0.974 [0.945, 0.988], mean difference = −4.20 (p = 0.58)), good to excellent for shoulder abduction–adduction (Pearson’s r = 0.919 [0.848, 0.957], ICC = 0.840 [0.430, 0.963], mean difference = −7.10 (p = 0.50)), and elbow pronation–supination (Pearson’s r = 0.966 [0.939, 0.981], ICC = 0.821 [0.696, 0.900]). There are some inconsistent results for shoulder internal–external rotation (Pearson’s r = 0.939 [0.894, 0.965], mean difference = −9.13 (p < 0.0001)). In conclusion, the results support IMU as a viable instrument for measuring RoM of upper extremity, but for some specific joint movements, such as shoulder rotation and wrist ulnar-radial deviation, IMU measurements need to be used with caution.Peer Reviewe
How Accurate are Transient Spectral Classification Tools?— A Study Using 4646 SEDMachine Spectra
No full textAccurate classification of transients obtained from spectroscopic data are important to understand their nature and discover new classes of astronomical objects. For supernovae (SNe), SNID, NGSF (a Python version of SUPERFIT), and DASH are widely used in the community. Each tool provides its own metric to help determine classification, such as rlap of SNID, chi2/dof of NGSF, and Probability of DASH. However, we do not know how accurate these tools are, and they have not been tested with a large homogeneous data set. Thus, in this work, we study the accuracy of these spectral classification tools using 4646 SEDMachine spectra, which have accurate classifications obtained from the Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey (BTS). Comparing our classifications with those from BTS, we have tested the classification accuracy in various ways. We find that NGSF has the best performance (overall Accuracy 87.6% when samples are split into SNe Ia and Non-Ia types), while SNID and DASH have similar performance with overall Accuracy of 79.3% and 76.2%, respectively. Specifically for SNe Ia, SNID can accurately classify them when rlap > 15 without contamination from other types, such as Ibc, II, SLSN, and other objects that are not SNe (Purity > 98%). For other types, determining their classification is often uncertain. We conclude that it is difficult to obtain an accurate classification from these tools alone. This results in additional human visual inspection effort being required in order to confirm the classification. To reduce this human visual inspection and to support the classification process for future large-scale surveys, this work provides supporting information, such as the accuracy of each tool as a function of its metric.Peer Reviewe
Deep Generative Models for Fast Photon Shower Simulation in ATLAS
No full textThe need for large-scale production of highly accurate simulated event samples for the extensive physics programme of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider motivates the development of new simulation techniques. Building on the recent success of deep learning algorithms, variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks are investigated for modelling the response of the central region of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter to photons of various energies. The properties of synthesised showers are compared with showers from a full detector simulation using geant4 . Both variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks are capable of quickly simulating electromagnetic showers with correct total energies and stochasticity, though the modelling of some shower shape distributions requires more refinement. This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of using such algorithms for ATLAS fast calorimeter simulation in the future and shows a possible way to complement current simulation techniques.Open access funding provided by CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research)CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research)Peer Reviewe
Spurious Response Due to Linear Interpolation of Input Load and Some Remedies
No full textThis study focuses on the analytical identification and quantification of one type of spurious responses in the context of response history analysis. The spurious response is caused by linear interpolation of input loads. Through analytical derivations and numerical simulations, it is shown that the identified spurious response is fully caused by the interpolation and can significantly affect both damping and inertial forces. Furthermore, the spurious response is not bounded, thus, resistance-based designs could potentially be non-conservative. The findings are applicable to (non-)linear MDOF systems. To address this issue and improve the quality of numerical results, remedies and recommendations are proposed
The many faces of narcissism: A question of situation perception?
No full textThis study investigated the dynamic interplay between narcissistic states—narcissistic agency, antagonism, and vulnerability—and situation perceptions using the DIAMONDS framework. Participants (N = 183) engaged in weekly online group discussions over six weeks, simulating the natural acquaintance process. Results showed significant co-occurrences: situation perceptions of Positivity related to heightened narcissistic agency, while Duty and Negativity perceptions were linked to narcissistic antagonism and vulnerability. Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models revealed first causal relations, with situation perceptions often preceding changes in narcissistic states. For example, perceptions of Intellect and Positivity increased narcissistic agency, while Intellect, Duty, and Negativity triggered higher-than-usual narcissistic antagonism. Findings highlight the role of situation perceptions in shaping the momentray manifestations of narcissisism.Peer Reviewe
Evidence for a by‐product mutualism in a group hunter depends on prey movement state
No full textGroup‐hunting animals have been shown to engage their prey in long pursuits (kms) to increase capture success, but the evidence for this is limited to a few terrestrial species. This predation strategy may be effective in the open‐ocean, where group‐hunts are characterised by large predator–prey size ratios and there are few places for prey to hide. However, recording the attack rates, capture rates and capture success probabilities of grouping predators during long‐distance pursuits through the open ocean, remains a significant challenge. Here we use a combination of underwater and aerial video to assess the attack and capture behaviour of striped marlin, Kajikia audax , in relation to the movement of their schooling prey (‘stationary’ and ‘mobile’ movement states) during group hunts. We found that the attack rate was higher when the prey school was ‘stationary’ and, during these times, individual marlin could make longer sequences of uninterrupted attacks on the prey school, effectively monopolising the prey resource for short periods over conspecifics. When the prey school was ‘mobile’, the attack pattern changed and individual marlin alternated their attacks on the prey school more frequently. Capture success probability (likelihood of capture per attack) was not affected by prey movement state. However, attacks on ‘mobile’ schools resulted in more prey fish becoming isolated from the school, and these isolated prey were easily captured—not by the attacker but by conspecifics swimming nearby. The likelihood of a prey becoming isolated from a ‘mobile’ school was predicted by prey school speed, with a 0.1 m s −1 increase leading to an 18.01% increase in the chance of isolation. Altogether this meant the capture rate at the group level was highest when the prey school was ‘mobile’ rather than ‘stationary’ because the predators that were pursuing the ‘mobile’ prey school had an increased availability of isolated and easy to capture prey. This mechanism provides evidence for a by‐product mutualism selecting for conspecific group formation and we discuss our findings in consideration of the social structure of the hunting group and the type of prey. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Peer Reviewe
Quantifying and relating the completeness and diversity of process representations using species estimation
No full textThe analysis of process representations, such as event logs or process models, has become a staple in the context of business process management. Insights gained from such an analysis serve to monitor and improve the business processes that is captured. Yet, any process representation is merely a sample of the past and possible behaviour of a business process, which raises the question of its representativeness: To which extent does the process representation capture the process characteristics that are relevant for the analysis? In this paper, we propose to answer this question using estimators from biodiversity research. Specifically, we propose to infer a completeness profile based on the estimated number of distinct relevant characteristics of the process representation and a diversity profile, that captures the heterogeneity of relevant distinct characteristics using asymptotic Hill numbers. We validate the applicability of the proposed estimators for process analysis in a series of controlled experiments. Applying the estimators to real-world event logs, we highlight potential issues in terms of trustworthiness of analysis that is based on them, and show how the profiles can be leveraged to compare different process representations concerning their similarity and completeness.Peer Reviewe
Reinvestigation of the mechanism of dioxygen activation at a MnII (cyclam) center
No full textThis study deals with the unprecedented reactivity of a [(cyclam)MnII(OTf)2] (3-cis; OTf = CF3SO3−) with O2, which, depending on the presence or absence of a hydrogen atom donor like 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine (TEMPO-H), selectively generates di-μ-oxo Mn(III)Mn(IV) (1) or MnIV2 (2) complexes, respectively. Both dimers have been characterized by different techniques including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Oxygenation reactions carried out with labeled 18O2 and Resonance Raman spectroscopy unambiguously show that the oxygen atoms present in the MnIVMnIII dimer originate from O2. Experimental evidences are provided for a novel method of dioxygen activation involving three Mn ions or two Mn ions and TEMPO-H to generate the bis(μ-oxo)dimanganese(IV) or bis(μ-oxo) dimanganese(III, IV) cores, respectively.Peer Reviewe
a comparative assessment of ecosystem services models and stakeholders’ perceptions
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Mapping the production of Ecosystem Services (ES) is imperative for sustainable ecosystem management. Likewise, incorporating expert knowledge enhances ES research. Here, we calculate eight multi-temporal ES indicators for mainland Portugal using a spatial modelling approach. These indicators are then integrated into the novel ASEBIO index—Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity—which depicts a combined ES potential based on CORINE Land Cover, using a multi-criteria evaluation method with weights defined by stakeholders through an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Outputs from the modelling show how ES have changed in Portugal in relation to land use changes, including trade-offs between 1990 and 2018. The composed ASEBIO index is compared against the stakeholders’ valuation of ES potential for the year 2018. The results reveal a significant mismatch between the ES potential perceived by stakeholders and the models, with stakeholder estimates being 32.8% higher on average. All the selected ES were overestimated by the stakeholders. Drought regulation and erosion prevention have the highest contrasts, while water purification, food production and recreation are the most closely aligned among both approaches. Providing the first national overview about the status of multiple ES over a 28 year-period, our findings highlight potential disparities between data-driven and stakeholder-based evaluations. Therefore, we suggest the need for integrative strategies that consider scientific models with expert knowledge for more effective ES assessments and land-use planning. This approach could help bridge the gap between data-driven models and human perspectives, resulting in more balanced and inclusive decision-making.Peer Reviewe