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Unveiling the synergic potential of dual junction MoSe2/n-Ga2O3/p-GaN heterojunctions for ultra-broadband photodetection
No full textFor practical optoelectronic applications, photodetectors capable of detecting light across a wide wavelength range (200–1100 nm) are essential. Heterojunction semiconductors play a crucial role in developing such multi-wavelength photodetectors. In particular, the heterojunction of transition metal chalcogenides (tuneable bandgap and high electron mobility) and Ga2O3 (wide bandgap of >4 eV) is a significant research topic for photodetector fabrication exhibiting an ultrawide spectral photodetection capability. In this study, epitaxial β-Ga2O3 thin films were grown on atomically flat sapphire (0001) and p-GaN/sapphire (0001) surfaces using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of the substrate on the crystalline, optical, electronic, and photoresponse properties of β-Ga2O3 thin films was thoroughly investigated and correlated with theoretical insights from density functional theory. To achieve broadband photodetection, a heterojunction of MoSe2 and the as-grown Ga2O3 films was fabricated, enabling light detection from the deep ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions. The MoSe2/Ga2O3/p-GaN device exhibited an expanded detection range from deep ultraviolet (240–320 nm) to long-wavelength ultraviolet (320–400 nm) and a significant responsivity of 5.5 A W−1 in the NIR region, nearly fourfold higher than that of the MoSe2/Ga2O3/sapphire device. These results highlight the potential of these hybrid structures for developing multi-wavelength photodetectors with high photoresponse across the deep-UV to NIR spectral regions, offering promising applications in fields ranging from environmental monitoring to communications.Science and Engineering Research Board 10.13039/501100001843Peer Reviewe
Inclusive education for refugee students from Ukraine—An exploration of differentiated instruction in German schools
No full textCurrently, refugee Ukrainian learners are attending German mainstream schools, leading to an even more diverse student population. Given that the German school system is committed to provide inclusive education for all, this study aims to examine how teachers address Ukrainian students learning needs by means of differentiated instruction. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted in which eight elementary school and advanced secondary school teachers were interviewed. Findings revealed that refugee Ukrainian students in German mainstream schools are taught alongside German students, but are also placed in separated classrooms. Additionally, they occasionally participate in remote learning via Zoom from Ukraine. Furthermore, teachers reported using more frequently tiered assignments or peer tutoring systems. In contrast, practices such as mastery learning or open education are seldomly implemented. Implications of the results, as well as limitations and further lines of research are discussed.Peer Reviewe
Rakel Haslund-Gjerrild’s Alle himlens fugle (2020) as a Scandinavian Example of Flood Fiction
No full textThe article presents Rakel Haslund Gjerrild’s novel Alle himlens fugle (2020) as a Scandinavian example of flood fiction, a genre that has been attracting scholarly attention in recent years. After a short outline of the current discourse on flood fiction, the novel will be analyzed with a focus on its depiction of the ocean and its intertextual dimensions. I will argue that Alle himlens fugle renders a paradox by showing the precarity of cultural artifacts, especially language, in the Anthropocene on the one hand, while promoting the durability of canonical works of fiction on the other. This paradox makes it fruitful in the context of blue humanities approaches.Der Artikel stellt Rakel Haslund Gjerrilds Roman Alle himlens fugle (2020) als ein Beispiel für flood fiction aus Skandinavien vor, einem Genre, dass in den letzten Jahren vermehrt literaturwissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit
erfahren hat. Nach einer kurzen Skizze des Diskurses über flood fiction wird der Roman entsprechend auf seine Darstellung des Meeres und seine intertextuelle Dimension hin analysiert. Es wird argumentiert, dass der Roman paradoxerweise einerseits von der Prekarität kultureller Artefakte und speziell Sprache im Anthropozän handelt und andererseits für eine Beständigkeit kanonischer Werke eintritt. Dieses Paradox erlaubt es, Überlegungen der Blue Humanities weiterzuentwickeln
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Adaptation measures and decision-making principles
No full textSea level rise (SLR) will increasingly impact European countries in the coming decades, posing challenges for coastal decision-making and the design and implementation of adaptation measures to address coastal risks. The impact of SLR extends to its physical damages, encompassing socio-economic and environmental repercussions. European countries are engaged in the development and implementation of adaptation measures to bolster coastal resilience. While significant strides in SLR adaptation have been made in recent years, this paper aims to provide a catalogue of adaptation measures in European basins to guide their design and implementation and to present approaches suitable for supporting coastal adaptation decision-making and addressing uncertainty. The assessment of SLR adaptation measures in Europe is based on the cataloging of 17 measures following International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) classification of accommodate, protect, advance and retreat responses to SLR, supplemented with sub-key types of measures, including socio-economic, physical and technological as well as nature- and ecosystem-based. Surveying the relevant literature on European sea basins, the paper shows that adaptation strategies on Europe's coasts constitute a mix of hard and soft measures, planning measures, policy developments and stakeholder and community engagements. Across all the basins, a common theme is the shift towards a combination of traditional engineering solutions with soft measures, including nature-based solutions, integrating local communities into decision-making processes and emphasising the importance of continuous monitoring and flexible management strategies. In addition, the context, decisions and experiences with coastal adaptation vary considerably across places and regions in terms of the time horizons considered, the scale of investments involved and the risk acceptance preferences of decision-makers and their constituencies. In this sense, the paper provides an overview of the common features of coastal adaptation decisions and the key aspects that need to be considered in coastal adaptation decision-making, i.e. considering multiple criteria and interests, implementing low-regret and flexible options, keeping future options open and factoring SLR into decisions that need to be made today.Peer Reviewe
Category-Sensitive Escape from Islands in Limbum and Asante Twi
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.While strong islands generally constitute domains from which extraction is not possible, it has been observed that under certain conditions, they may allow DP but not PP gaps. Based on the recent literature on Asante Twi (Kwa, Ghana) and on novel data from Limbum (Grassfields Bantu, Cameroon), this paper shows that strong island configurations in these two African languages are permeable to nominal extractees without restrictions, but the otherwise admissible movement of VPs and PPs is blocked. As DP-displacement from islands shows properties of A-movement; an explanation in terms of base-generation and binding of a covert resumptive pronoun, which is only
available for nominal elements, is not feasible. Taking into account the overall distribution of overt and covert resumptive pronouns, for Asante Twi, an account of the selective island permeability in terms of repair by resumption, as suggested in previous literature, might be possible. For the Limbum pattern, however, this paper argues that such an approach seems implausible. It then goes on to develop an analysis of selective island permeability based on the distribution of ϕ-features and their interaction with complementizer agreement.Peer Reviewe
“The New Russian Humour” in YouTube: Countercultural Strategies of Pop Musicians, Videobloggers and Stand-up Comedians
No full textВ статье обсуждается связь между протестными стратегиями «дигиталь-ного смеха» современных интернет-артистов и комическими формами, бытовавшими в античности. Анализируется, как «циническая» смеховая культура Рунета, включающая видеоблоги, юмористические шоу, записи стендапов, комические сериалы, видеопародии на известных деятелей политики и шоу-бизнеса, а также пародийные видеоклипы оказывает «сатирическое сопротивление» высокой культуре.The article discusses correlations between protest strategies of “digital laughter” of modern Internet artists and some comic forms of antiquity. The author analyses how cynic Runet’s laugh culture (videoblogs, comedy shows, digital stand-ups, comic videoclips and so on) creates satirical resistance against the high culture
Transverse Resonance Island Buckets in Advanced Light Sources
No full textTransverse Resonance Island Buckets (TRIBs) ist eine spezielle Einstellung der strahlführenden Magnetoptik eines Speicherrings nahe einer nichtlinearen Resonanz, die einen zweiten vom Hauptorbit gut getrennten und stabilien Orbit erzeugt. Dieser Inselorbit ist verknüpft mit zusätzlichen Potentialtöpfen im transversalen Phasenraum, in denen ebenfalls Elektronen gespeichert werden können. Wird der Speicherring als Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle genutzt, so können den Experimentatoren durch die zwei stabilien Orbits zwei unterschiedliche Lichtquellen mit z.B. unterschiedlichen Pulswiederholungsraten angeboten werden. Diese Dissertation untersucht, ob man die TRIBs Einstellung mit der deutlich komplizierteren und nichtlinear anspruchsvolleren Multi-Bend-Achromat (MBA) Magnetoptik einer vierten Generation Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle zusammen bringen kann. Ein resonanter Hamiltonian in der Nähe einer horizontalen Resonanzen dritter Ordnung, die von Sextupolen getrieben wird, abgeleitet. Dieser Hamiltonian enthält drei Parameter, die den TRIBs-Phasenraum vollständig definieren, nämlich den Abstand des Arbeitspunktes zur Resonanz, die Resonanzstärke und den "detuning-Parameter", der beschreibt wie die Resonanz auf Teilchen mit unterschiedlichen Amplituden wirkt. Durch die analytische Betrachtung der Resonanzstärke in Hinblick auf die entscheidenden Größen der Magnetoptik, d.h. die Twiss-Optikfunktionen und die Sextupolstärken zeigt sich ein unterschiedliches TRIBs verhalten für systematischen Resonanzen und nicht-systematische Resonanzen. Bei nicht-systematischen Resonanzen muss die Periodizität der Magentoptik gestört werden um TRIBs zu erzeugen. Bei systematischen Resonanzen, muss der Arbeitspunkt sowohl des Rings als auch seiner sich wiederholenden periodischen Einheitszelle die Resonanzbedingung dritter Ordnung erfüllen um TRIBs zu erzeugen.Transverse resonance island buckets (TRIBs) is a special accelerator optics mode where the storage ring is tuned close to a nonlinear resonance and this results in the production of a secondary stable orbit, well separated from the main one. This orbit corresponds to islands in transverse phase space and it can be filled with bunches independently from the main orbit to some extent. This thesis investigates the possibility of implementing the TRIBs mode in the multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice candidates of BESSY III right from the beginning when strong nonlinearities due to sextupole magnets are present. A resonant Hamiltonian is derived using the perturbative techniques of nonlinear dynamics, valid close to third-order horizontal resonances. This Hamiltonian contains three parameters that fully determine the structure of the phase space with islands namely the distance from the resonance in tune space, the resonance strength, and the detuning, a parameter that gives the rate at which particles with different amplitudes hit the resonance. By calculating the resonance strength analytically in terms of the lattice quantities such as the Twiss functions and the sextupole strengths, two types of resonances are revealed in a transparent manner and it is shown that close to these third-order resonances, islands can be established. The first one is the random resonance where the periodicity of the lattice needs to be broken to have islands. The need for a periodicity breaking is proved explicitly. The second type is the systematic resonance where the tunes of both the ring and its superperiod (repeating unit) need to satisfy a third-order resonance condition. These two types of resonances are studied and compared in detail and the stability of the two BESSY III lattice candidates with respect to TRIBs is discussed
Brain mechanisms underlying the modulation of heart rate variability when accepting and reappraising emotions
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Heart rate variability (HRV) has been linked to resilience and emotion regulation (ER). How HRV and brain processing interact during ER, however, has remained elusive. Sixty-two subjects completed the acquisition of resting HRV and task HRV while performing an ER functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) paradigm, which included the differential strategies of ER reappraisal and acceptance in the context of viewing aversive pictures. We found high correlations of resting and task HRV across all emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, individuals with high levels of resting, but not task, HRV showed numerically lower distress during ER with acceptance. Whole-brain fMRI parametrical modulation analyses revealed that higher task HRV covaried with dorso-medial prefrontal activation for reappraisal, and dorso-medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate and temporo-parietal junction activation for acceptance. Subjects with high resting HRV, compared to subjects with low resting HRV, showed higher activation in the pre-supplementary motor area during ER using a region of interest approach. This study demonstrates that while resting and task HRV exhibit a positive correlation, resting HRV seems to be a better predictor of ER capacity. Resting and task HRV were associated with ER brain activation in mid-line frontal cortex (i.e. DMPFC).Peer Reviewe
Emerging critical thoughts and solutions on colonial injustices in Africa and their practical implications
No full textTo dispose of the legacy of colonialism in Africa, such as colonial crimes, requires a multi-complex holistic approach. This chapter recognises the egregious nature of colonial crimes that were committed in Africa with impunity, and it outlines the strategies that may be adopted in addressing these unresolved colonial injustices. The outlined strategies are postulated premised on the assumption that Africa should strive to seek solutions for challenges afflicting Africa. The chapter provides for the theoretical and practical solutions to the question of colonial crime with their corresponding implications. In this context, the chapter expounds that to effectively address colonial injustices in Africa, considerations may include but are not limited to historical acknowledgement of colonial injustices, prosecution of colonial crimes that have element of continuity, incorporation of African legal indigenous justice systems, payment of reparations and victim support, and decolonisation of legal education, scholarships and cooperative advocacy
