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Dynamic Imaging of Projected Electric Potentials of Operando Semiconductor Devices by Time-Resolved Electron Holography
No full textInterference gating (iGate) has emerged as a groundbreaking technique for ultrafast time-resolved electron holography in transmission electron microscopy, delivering nanometer spatial and nanosecond temporal resolution with minimal technological overhead. This study employs iGate to dynamically observe the local projected electric potential within the space-charge region of a contacted transmission electron microscopy (TEM) lamella manufactured from a silicon diode during switching between unbiased and reverse-biased conditions, achieving a temporal resolution of 25 ns at a repetition rate of 3 MHz. By synchronizing the holographic acquisition with the applied voltage, this approach enables the direct visualization of time-dependent potential distributions with high precision. Complementary static and dynamic experiments reveal a remarkable correspondence between modeled and measured projected potentials, validating the method’s robustness. The observed dynamic phase progressions resolve and allow one to differentiate between localized switching dynamics and preparation-induced effects, such as charge recombination near the sample edges. These results establish iGate as a transformative tool for operando investigations of semiconductor devices, paving the way for advancing the nanoscale imaging of high-speed electronic processes.This research received no external funding.Peer Reviewe
miR-223 and Chromogranin A Affect Inflammatory Immune Cell Activation in Liver Metastasis of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
No full textNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group originating from endocrine cells/their precursors in pancreas, small intestine, or lung. The key serum marker is chromogranin A (CgA). While commonly elevated in patients with NEN, its prognostic value is still under discussion. Secretion/posttranslational proteolytic cleavage of CgA results in multiple bioactive fragments, which are essential regulators of the cardiovascular and immune system. miR-223, regulator of Nrlp3 inflammasome and neutrophil activation, was recently found to have decreased in patients with NEN. We performed flow cytometry of circulating neutrophils in a patient cohort (n = 10) with NEN, microdissection and histology of tumor tissue. Subsequently, in vitro transfections using the well-established human pancreatic NEN cell line (BON), and co-culture experiments with primary macrophages and neutrophils were performed. Serum miR-223 in patients correlated with the expression of the neutrophil activation marker CD15 in circulating cells. Neutrophilic CD62L/CD63 showed good discrimination compared to healthy controls. Immune cell-derived miR-155, miR-193 and miR-223 colocalize with neutrophil in the extra-tumoral tissue alongside Nlrp3-associated caspase-1 activation. miR-223 knockdown in BON decreased the CgA intracellularly, increased in cellular granularity and caspase-1 activation. Plasmin inhibitor a2-aP reverted those effects. Western Blot showed fragmented CgA following miR-223 knockdown, which altered the inflammatory potential of neutrophils. Our data hence provide initial insights into an immunoregulatory mechanism via miR-223 and CgA in NEN cells, as regulation of miR-223 in NEN may affect tumor-associated inflammation.Peer Reviewe
Unfolding the top: Measuring the quantum interference between singly and doubly resonant top-quark production at TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textDas Top-Quark ist das schwerste bekannte Teilchen des Standardmodells (SM) und wird aufgrund seiner Bedeutung im Standardmodell (SM) und bei der Suche nach Physik jenseits des Standardmodells (BSM) am Large Hadron Collider (LHC) eingehend untersucht. Das Top-Quark kann in Paaren oder einzeln in Verbindung mit anderen Teilchen erzeugt werden. Das einzelne Top-Quark ist besonders wichtig, weil es weniger erforscht und theoretisch schwieriger zu behandeln ist. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Analyse füllt diese Lücke, indem sie den Querschnitt von WbWb misst, einem Endzustand sowohl von Top-Quark-Paaren als auch von Single-Top-Prozessen. Während die Top-Quark-Paare und Single-Top-Prozesse üblicherweise als unabhängige Prozesse behandelt werden, befasst sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit den Interferenzeffekten zwischen ihnen, die besonders bei höheren Ordnungen in der perturbativen QCD relevant werden und eine konsistentere theoretische Behandlung ermöglichen. Die Analyse verwendet semileptonische WbWb-Zerfälle. Um die Modellierung in einem breiten Phasenraum zu verbessern, werden zwei Phasenräume definiert: einer mit dem größten zugänglichen Wirkungsquerschnitt und ein anderer, der auf den für die BSM-Suche relevanten Phasenraum abzielt. Die Messungen des differentiellen Wirkungsquerschnitts sind wertvoll für die Bewertung und Abstimmung von Monte-Carlo-Generatoren, die Bestimmung von SM-Parametern und die Eingrenzung von Unsicherheiten bei der BSM-Suche. Using the full dataset from the ATLAS detector at the LHC collected in Run-2, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of top-quark pair production and its implications for future physics searches. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit können von der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft weiter genutzt werden, ohne dass eine Detektorsimulation zur Abstimmung und Validierung der theoretischen Vorhersagen erforderlich ist.The top-quark is the heaviest known particle of the Standard Model (SM) and it is extensively studied at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) due to its importance in the Standard Model (SM) and in searches for physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The top-quark can be produced in pairs or singularly in association with other particles. In particular, the single-top is important because less studied and more challenging to treat theoretically. The analysis presented in this thesis fills this gap, by measuring the cross-section of WbWb, which is a final state of both top quark pairs and single-top processes. While the top quark pairs and single top processes are commonly treated as independent processes, the presented thesis addresses the interference effects between them, which become particularly relevant at higher orders in perturbative QCD, providing a more consistent theoretical treatment. The analysis uses semileptonic WbWb decaysl. To improve the modelling in a broad phase-space, two phase space are defined: one to have the largest accessible cross-section, and another targeting the phase space relevant to BSM searches. The differential cross-section measurements are valuable for assessing and tuning Monte Carlo generators, determining SM parameters and constraining uncertainties in BSM searches. Using the full dataset from the ATLAS detector at the LHC collected in Run-2, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of top-quark pair production and its implications for future physics searches. The result of this thesis can be further used by the scientific community without the limitation of needing a detector simulation to tune and validate the theoretical predictions
A Festschrift in Honour of Regine Eckardt
No full textThis is a Festschrift in honour of Professor Regine Eckardt on the occasion of her 60th birthday in 2025
Exploring Affective-Motivational and Relational Dimensions
No full textEmpirische Evidenz bestätigt die Wirksamkeit von Feedback für die Verbesserung verschiedener Lernziele (Wisniewski et al., 2020), doch nicht alle Feedbackinteraktionen sind erfolgreich (Kluger & DeNisi, 1996; Panadero & Lipnevich, 2022). Ihre Komplexität ergibt sich aus Charakteristiken der Feedbacknachricht, Implementierung, Studierenden, des Kontexts und der Feedbackprovider (Panadero & Lipnevich, 2022) und beeinflusst kognitive, motivational-affektive und relationale Reaktionen (Henderson et al., 2019). Letztere sind trotz ihrer Bedeutung bislang wenig erforscht (Fong & Schallert, 2023; Panadero & Lipnevich, 2022). Große Sprachmodelle (LLMs) bieten neue Möglichkeiten für die Gestaltung von Feedbackinteraktionen. Diese Dissertation untersucht LLMs als soziale Agenten sowie die Rolle von Nachricht und Kontext für motivational-affektive und relationale Feedbackeffektivität. Alle drei Studien verglichen den Effekt von LLMs und menschlichen Feedbackprovidern auf motivational-affektive und relationale Dimensionen der Feedbackeffektivität. Studie 1 untersuchte die Rolle personalisierter vs. neutraler Sprache in der Feedbacknachricht, Studie 2 zusätzliche Informationen über die Feedbackprovider und Studie 3 die Qualität der Feedbacknachricht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Feedbackprovider Vertrauenswürdigkeit signifikant beeinflussen. In Studien 1 und 2 wurden LLMs, in Studie 3 Lehrende als vertrauenswürdiger wahrgenommen. Die Qualität der Feedbacknachricht verbesserte die Wahrnehmung dieser, während Sprache keine signifikanten Effekte zeigte. Zusätzliche Informationen reduzierten Biases und führte zu einer Angleichung der Wahrnehmung der Feedbackprovider. Diese Ergebnisse offenbaren soziale Biases in Feedbackinteraktionen und unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit kritischer Reflektion. Die Dissertation hebt die Komplexität von Feedbackdesigns hervor und fordert eine sorgfältige Berücksichtigung wechselseitiger Abhängigkeiten in Theorie und Praxis.Much empirical evidence confirms the effectiveness of feedback for improving various learning outcomes (Wisniewski et al., 2020), yet not all feedback interactions are successful (Kluger & DeNisi, 1996; Panadero & Lipnevich, 2022). Their complexity arises from characteristics of the message, implementation, student, context, and agent (Panadero & Lipnevich, 2022), influencing cognitive, affective-motivational, and relational reactions (Henderson et al., 2019). The latter two remain underexplored despite their importance (Fong & Schallert, 2023; Panadero & Lipnevich, 2022). With the rise of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for feedback design. This dissertation examines LLMs as social agents and the role of message and context characteristics in affective-motivational and relational feedback effectiveness. All three studies compared LLM and human feedback providers and their influence on various affective-motivational and relational dimensions of feedback effectiveness. Study 1 additionally analysed the role of personalised versus neutral language of a feedback message, Study 2 considered the presence of provider information, and finally, Study 3 investigated the quality of the feedback message (low vs high). Results show that feedback providers significantly predict trustworthiness. In Studies 1 and 2, LLMs were perceived as more trustworthy than educators (and peers), while in Study 3, educators were seen as more trustworthy. Feedback quality improved feedback message perceptions, while language had no effects. Providing background information reduced biases, equalising provider perceptions. These findings reveal social biases in feedback interactions and highlight the need for students to critically reflect on them and their own role. The dissertation underscores the complexity of feedback design and calls for careful consideration of its interdependencies in both theory and practice
Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria in Boar Semen with Blue LED Light
No full textThe photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria is a promising alternative to antibiotics in boar semen extenders. It was recently established using the illumination of semen samples containing 2 µM of the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TMPyP) with white LED light. High concentrations of TMPyP require strict sample handling in the dark to avoid uncontrolled photodynamic effects caused by ambient light. This study was designed to examine whether lower concentrations of PS could be utilized along with a narrow band blue LED light source, which aligns with TMPyP’s Soret band, thereby minimizing light-induced disruption. A dose-response study with blue LED light exposure of sperm revealed no light toxicity. Importantly, substituting the established white light PDI with blue light illumination and 0.5 µM TMPyP resulted in robust antimicrobial efficiency and sperm compatibility in long-term stored semen samples. This modification led to the confirmation of the hypothesis that a diminished TMPyP concentration in concert with blue LED light facilitates semen handling in normal laboratory light while avoiding unintended light effects. In conclusion, this study plays a pivotal role in augmenting the practicality of the innovative PDI technology by establishing a method that is less susceptible to unanticipated effects of ambient light during sample management.Peer Reviewe
Moving beyond Eckardt’s two modes of interpretation
No full textThis paper investigates the difference between free indirect discourse and narrated perception on the basis of Eckardt’s (2014) analysis of free indirect discourse. I argue that certain aspects of Eckardt’s analysis are better equipped to capture the phenomenon of free indirect discourse, while others are better suited to capture the phenomenon of narrated perception. I conclude that to properly deal with both phenomena in their own right, the account needs to be further differentiated
Tobias E. Hämmerle: Aufstieg und Niedergang der schwedischen Großmacht in zeitgenössischen Medienbildern (1611‒1721). Illustrierte Flugblätter im Mediensystem des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, 2 Bde. Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur. Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi, Band 162. Marburg: Büchner-Verlag 2021, 963 S.
No full textAugmentation of trauma-focused psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textIntroduction: Despite the established status of trauma-focused psychotherapy (TFP) as a first-line treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a substantial proportion of individuals do not achieve clinically significant improvement or discontinue treatment. Exploring augmentation strategies to enhance treatment outcomes is essential to reduce the overall burden PTSD puts on individuals and society. This protocol outlines a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of non-pharmacological augmentation strategies in addition to TFP for PTSD treatment. Methods and Analysis: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, PTSDpubs, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and CINAHL for RCTs without restrictions on publication dates or languages in October 2024. Study screening is currently ongoing. Additionally, we will perform forward and backward searches of the included studies and relevant reviews. Two reviewers will independently screen and select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias. We will conduct a narrative review to qualitatively synthesise data and a meta-analysis to quantitatively compare the treatment efficacy of augmented TFP with TFP alone or TFP plus placebo. Primary outcomes will be both symptom severity and response rates. The secondary outcome will be dropout rates. We will explore sources of between-study heterogeneity and potential moderators through subgroup and meta-regression analyses. We will assess the overall quality of the included studies with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required. We intend to publish results in a peer-reviewed journal and provide materials and data through the Open Science Framework. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024549435.Peer Reviewe
An update on intensional logic and two-sorted type theory
No full textBy Gallin’s (1975) translation *, Montague’s (1970b) intensional type logic can be construed as a sublanguage of two-sorted type theory. Though Gallin’s * is largely reversible (Zimmermann, 1989), this only holds for the truly higher-order standard semantics of full functional domains, not for Gallin’s first-orderly generalised semantics