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Assessing Legal Implications of Unit Titles on Land Rights in Tanzania.
No full textThis study critically assesses the legal implications of unit titles on land rights in Tanzania, with a particular focus on identifying the existing legal gaps governing unit titles, evaluating their impact on individual property rights, and comparing Tanzania's legal framework with international best practices. The study employs doctrinal and comparative research methodologies to examine the provisions of the UTA, analyzing legal texts, case law, and regulatory frameworks. The comparative approach evaluates Tanzania's legal structure against international best practices, drawing insights from jurisdictions with established unit title systems. The introduction of the Unit Titles Act (UTA) of 2008 has significantly altered the landscape of property ownership in urban Tanzania, enabling the division of properties into individually owned units while maintaining shared ownership of common areas. Despite the progress, the implementation of the UTA has created legal complexities surrounding individual rights, collective responsibilities, and governance structures in multi-unit developments. Findings reveal several key challenges in the application of the UTA. These include ambiguity in the rights and obligations of co-owners, particularly with respect to the maintenance of common areas, conflicts arising from governance structures, and issues with the regulation of incidental rights such as easements and restrictive covenants. Disputes often emerge when co-owners fail to meet financial obligations, and when governance structures fail to resolve conflicts over collective decision-making. The study also highlights deficiencies in the dispute resolution mechanisms outlined in the UTA, which are perceived as time-consuming and inadequate. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for legal reforms to address the gaps and ambiguities in the current unit title framework. The study recommends enhancing the UTA’s provisions to ensure a more balanced approach to individual ownership rights and collective responsibilities, as well as the incorporation of international best practices to improve legal certainty and governance in multi-unit development.
Key Words: Unit Titles, Land Rights, Property Ownership, Co-ownership, Governance Structures, Common Area
Determinants of Construction Projects’ Performance in Kilosa District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania.
No full textThis study examined the determinants of construction project performance in Kilosa District, Morogoro Region, with a specific focus on human, financial, material, and technological resources as guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. The study employed a descriptive-explanatory research design, adopting a quantitative approach. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 120 respondents, including project managers, engineers, contractors, and local government officials. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that human resource capacity, financial management practices, and material availability significantly influence construction project performance, while technological adoption showed a moderate but positive effect. The study concludes that project success largely depends on the effective utilization and management of internal resources and the timely adoption of supportive technologies. The study recommends that local government authorities and the contractors' registration board strengthen financial control systems, enhance technical training programs, and integrate appropriate technological tools into project implementation and monitoring. The study contributes to both theory and practice by contextualizing the RBV framework within Tanzania’s construction sector and providing empirical insights to improve project performance in public and private construction works.
Keywords: Determinants, Construction projects, Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, Project performance, Kilosa Distric
Assessing the Impact of Delayed Reporting of Child Sexual Violence Cases at One Stop Center. A Case of Kahama District Council - Tanzania.
No full textThe study titled ―Assessing the Impact of Delayed Reporting of Child Sexual Violence Cases at One Stop Centre: A Case of Kahama District Council, Tanzania‖ aimed to examine children‘s awareness of the effects of delayed reporting, explore parents‘ perceptions of delayed reporting, and identify challenges children face when accessing reporting services at the One Stop Centre. The study adopted a pragmatic philosophy, descriptive design, and mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from 135 respondents using interviews and unstructured questionnaires. Purposive and systematic sampling techniques were applied, and Yamane‘s formula was used to determine the sample size. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, while quotations were used to present qualitative findings. The results revealed that 95% of respondents were aware of the negative consequences of delayed reporting of child sexual violence (CSV). Reported effects included increased health risks (19%), delayed medical treatment (17%), loss of legal evidence (16%), emotional distress (15%), family conflicts (12%), risk of re-victimization (11%), and social stigma (10%). The study also found that parents‘ perceptions play a crucial role in determining timely reporting, influenced by cultural beliefs, fear of societal judgment, mistrust in law enforcement, and level of awareness. The study concludes that improving child protection requires strengthening policies that promote early reporting, enhancing accessibility of One Stop Centres, and ensuring safe spaces for survivors. Increased awareness, supportive community environments, and stronger institutional response systems are essential for effective management and prevention of child sexual violence.
Keywords: One-Stop Centre, Child Sexual Violence, Delayed Repor, Child
Evaluation of the Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Practices on Project Success in Teachers’ Colleges in Tanzania: The Moderating Role of Managerial Skills.
No full textThis study evaluated the influence of monitoring and evaluation practices on project success in teachers’ colleges in Tanzania with a moderating role of managerial skills. Specifically, it assessed the influence of the strengths of monitoring and evaluation team on project success; the influence of monitoring and evaluation plan on project success; the influence of monitoring and evaluation approaches on project success; the influence of monitoring and evaluation information on project success; and the moderating role of managerial skills on the relationship between monitoring and evaluation practices and project success. The study involved 315 members of the college management teams from all 35 public teachers’ colleges in TanzaniaMainland and 5 ministerial education officials. The study employed a mixed methods approach in which data were collected by using survey and interview methods. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, structural equation modelling and content analysis. The findings revealed that, the strengths of monitoring and evaluation team, monitoring and evaluation plan, monitoring and evaluation approaches and monitoring and evaluation information were all positively and significantly related to project success. Moreover, the findings revealed a negative and significant moderating effect of managerial skills on the relationship between monitoring and evaluation and project success. The study recommends for enhanced capacity building to the college management team members; more time investment on preparation of monitoring and evaluation plans; ensure effective data collection systems; and regular preparation and dissemination of project reports.
Key Words: Monitoring and Evaluation, Managerial Skills, Project Success, College Management Team
Fee Free Education Policy and its Impact on Access to Secondary Education in Public Secondary Schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania.
No full textThis study examined the impact of the Fee-Free Education Policy on access to secondary education in public secondary schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. It was guided by three objectives: to evaluate the policy’s effect on access to secondary education, to assess the resources used in its implementation, and to identify the challenges faced during implementation. The study employed a mixed research approach with a convergent design, involving 290 teachers and 6,000 students. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, using stratified, simple random, and purposive sampling techniques. Validity was ensured through expert review, while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha for quantitative data and triangulation for qualitative data. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and means, were used for quantitative analysis, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that parental awareness of the fee-free education policy was modest, though the policy has significantly enhanced access to education and reduced illiteracy in Tanzania. However, limited budget allocations and low parental awareness hindered effective implementation. The study concluded that, despite its positive impact on promoting education, the policy’s success remains constrained by financial and awareness challenges. It recommended that the government increase funding and improve school infrastructure, parents ensure regular school attendance, teachers fulfil their instructional roles, and students actively engage in learning to improve academic performance.
Keywords: Fee-Free Education, Secondary Education, Public Secondary Schools, Schools
Implementation of Competence-Based Curriculum for Learners With Visual Impairment in Inclusive Public Primary School: A Case of Rungwe District, Tanzania.
No full textThe study investigated the implementation of the Competence-Based Curriculum for learners with Visual Impairment in an Inclusive Public Primary School in Rungwe District, Tanzania. The study focused on three objectives: teachers’ perceptions of implementing the Competence-Based Curriculum for learners with visual impairment in inclusive public primary school, the challenges faced by teachers and learners in this process, and the measures proposed to address these challenges. Using a mixed methods approach from a convergent pragmatism design, the study involved 136 respondents, including 122 teachers specializing in special education who attended the quantitative study. While 1 DPPEO, 1DPPSEO, 5 head teachers, and 7 VI learners attended the qualitative study. Quantitative data from questionnaires were descriptively analyzed using SPSS software, and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentary review, and they were analyzed thematically. Purposive sampling was used for DPPEO, DPPSEO, and head teachers, while stratified sampling was applied to VI learners and teachers specializing in special education. The study revealed that teachers perceive the Competence-Based Curriculum as suitable and adequate for learners with visual impairment, supporting life skills and independence, and many feel capable of delivering it with some school support. However, challenges remain, including gaps in teacher training, shortages of adapted teaching and learning materials, poor and uneven infrastructure, and limited awareness among some teachers and students. To address these, continuous professional development, improved infrastructure, adequate resources, regular monitoring, and strong peer support systems were identified as essential for thriving and inclusive Competence-Based Curriculum implementation.
Keywords: Competence-Based Curriculum, Inclusive Education, and Learners with Visual Impairment
Influence of Working Conditions on Employees Productivity: A Case of Mbeya Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority.
Get PDFThis study investigates the influence of working conditions on employee productivity at the Mbeya Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority, employing Herzberg’s two-factor theory as the guiding framework. The research utilized a quantitative approach with a sample size of 153 respondents selected from various departments. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), with both descriptive statistics (such as mean, frequency, and percentages) and inferential statistics (including correlation analysis) to examine the relationships between working conditions and employee productivity. Findings indicate that physical working conditions, such as office space and ventilation, are generally satisfactory but could be enhanced with better ergonomic support. Social conditions, including supervisor support and team cooperation, show positive results, though structured communication could be improved. Financial conditions, particularly salary competitiveness and alignment with the cost of living, reflect mixed levels of employee satisfaction. The study concludes that while some working conditions are adequate, improvements in compensation structures, noise control, and consistent communication practices are needed to further enhance productivity. Key recommendations include adjusting salary packages to reflect the cost of living, enhancing office ergonomics and noise management, and establishing regular, structured communication to reinforce team dynamics and employee engagement.
Keywords: Working conditions, employees’ productivity, Mbeya Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority
The Contribution of Monitoring and Evaluation to the Tanzania Airport Authority Quality Service Delivery: A Case of the Julius Nyerere International Airport.
Get PDFThe study examines the contribution of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices to the provision of quality services by the Tanzania Airport Authority (TAA), with a focus on Julius Nyerere International Airport (JNIA). Using a cross-sectional research approach, the study collected data from 172 respondents, including staff from the Planning, Statistics Section and the Market and Business Unit. A structured questionnaire survey was employed, data were analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that while stakeholders recognize the potential of M&E in improving service quality, current M&E practices at JNIA are widely perceived as ineffective due to limited stakeholder engagement, inadequate resource allocation and inefficient utilization of existing resources. The study reveals a significant dissatisfaction among stakeholders regarding TAA’s M&E practices. A majority of respondents reported that M&E processes are not responsive to regulatory changes and do not adequately involve key stakeholders such as passengers and airline operators. Findings highlight that resource constraints hinder the effectiveness of M&E efforts, with many respondents considering the current funding and staffing levels insufficient for meaningful M&E. As a result, service quality at JNIA is largely rated as average, with room for significant improvement. The study recommends the strengthening M&E frameworks by improving stakeholder engagement, ensuring adequate resource allocation and aligning M&E processes with regulatory requirements. The findings underscore the need for TAA to adopt a more structured and data-driven approach to M&E, fostering continuous improvement in service quality at JNIA.
Keywords: Monitoring and Evaluation, Quality Airport Service, Tanzania Airport Authority, Julius Nyerere International Airport
Factors Affecting Monitoring and Evaluation Practices in Local Government Projects: A Study of Toilets Construction in Government Primary Schools in Temeke Municipal Council, Dar es salaam Region.
Get PDFMonitoring and Evaluation (M&E) play a crucial role in the successful implementation of local government projects, ensuring accountability, efficiency, and sustainability. This study examines the factors affecting M&E practices in local government primary school, with a specific focus on toilet construction projects in Temeke Municipal Council, Dar es Salaam. The research highlights critical areas such as stakeholder involvement, resource allocation, capacity building, and institutional frameworks. The study used Institutional and Performance theories to help the researcher to gain a comprehensive understanding about M&E practice. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data from 142 respondents. The findings revealed that effective M&E practices are significantly influenced by active stakeholder involvement (67.2%), adequate resource allocation (64.6%) and capacity building (40%). Also the findings reveal that while some progress has been made in establishing M&E frameworks, significant gaps persist, including inadequate financial resources, insufficient training, and lack of standardized data management systems. These challenges hinder effective M&E practices, leading to project delays and compromised outcomes. The study concludes and recommends that the Councils should strengthening capacity-building programs, ensuring transparent, adequate resource allocation, and enhancing stakeholder participation is essential for improving M&E effectiveness in local government projects. The recommendations provided aim to enhance M&E practices, ultimately contributing to improved service delivery and project sustainability in the education sector.
Keywords: Monitoring and Evaluation, Local Government Projects, Toilets Construction, Primary Schools
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Tanzania.
Get PDFTanzania has continued to experience relatively low levels of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) despite various efforts to attract international investors. This study was conducted to investigate the key factors influencing FDI in Tanzania, focusing specifically on the impact of market size, trade openness, and macroeconomic policy. The study employed a descriptive research design and used secondary timeseries data spanning from 1990 to 2021. Data were collected from reputable sources including the World Bank and Bank of Tanzania. To analyze the relationship between the selected variables and FDI inflows, correlation analysis and multiple regression techniques were applied. Diagnostic tests, including multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and unit root tests, were conducted to ensure the validity and
reliability of the model. The findings reveal that both trade openness and macroeconomic policy have a statistically significant positive impact on FDI in Tanzania. Specifically, an increase in trade openness and improvements in macroeconomic policy are associated with increases in FDI inflows. However, market size was found to have an insignificant effect on FDI during the study period. These results suggest that foreign investors place more importance on stable economic policies and access to international trade than on the size of the domestic market. The
study concludes that improving macroeconomic stability and enhancing trade openness are crucial strategies for increasing FDI in Tanzania. It recommends that the
government adopt policies that promote a favorable investment climate, maintain fiscal and monetary discipline, and remove barriers to international trade in order to
attract and sustain foreign investment.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Economics, Market Size, Trade Opennes