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Acquisition of deictic movement verbs by Czech learners of Spanish as a foreign language
No full textThis paper aims to examine the extent to which Czech learners of Spanish as a foreign language acquirethe Thinking for Speaking (TFS) patterns (Slobin 1996) with respect to deictic verbs of movement. Prior research (Gathercole 1977; Ibarretxe-Antuñano et al. 2014) has shown that movement verbs are not necessarily semantically equivalent in different languages, and this is likely to lead to cross-language interference. The correctness of Spanish deictic verb use in different conditions was assessed using a grammaticality judgement task and a cloze task for 40 Czech learners of Spanish and 13 native speakers. As expected, the native speakers outperformed the learners in both tasks, especially in conditions where Spanish and Czech mismatch. Importantly, the learners' performance tended to improve with increasing foreign language proficiency, suggesting the gradual acquisition of target language TFS patterns. The study represents a baseline investigation of Czech learners' difficulties and forms part of a larger project that aims to devise efficient methods of teaching deixis in a foreign language
Book reviews
No full textObra ressenyada: L. LUQUE TORO y R. LUAUE COLAUTTI, Diccionario contextual italiano-español de parónimos. Madrid: Arco/Libros, 2020
La industria audiovisual ante el despliegue del 5G : el caso de la Unión Europea
No full textLa llegada de la tecnología 5G tendrá un impacto importante en la industria audiovisual, especialmente en el ámbito televisivo. El análisis del caso europeo pone de relieve la relevancia que tiene la gestión del espectro en las políticas digitales. Este artículo explica cómo se ha diseñado la política europea para el despliegue del 5G con la creación de un consorcio donde participan los principales actores del ecosistema digital. Asimismo, analiza los futuros escenarios a los que se deberá encontrar el sector audiovisual. Todo parece indicar que el año 2025 sería la fecha en la que se podría producir un cambio significativo, en especial en el escenario de la televisión digital terrestre.The arrival of 5G technology will have a significant impact on the audiovisual industry, especially in the television field. The analysis of the European case highlights the relevance of spectrum management in digital policies. This article explains how the European policy for the deployment of 5G has been designed with the creation of a consortium where the main actors of the digital ecosystem participate. It also analyzes the future scenarios which the audiovisual sector must meet. Everything seems to indicate that the year 2025 will be the date on which a significant change could take place, especially in the scenario of digital terrestrial television
Un regard historique (1870-1914) sur les mots et les choses de la "laïcité" en Europe de l'Ouest
No full textIl s'agit d'étudier la manière dont la notion moderne de "laïcit", qui tend à dissocier la société civile du religieux, s'est inscrite, entre la fin du XIXe et le début du XXe siècles, dans un lexique antérieur, d'origine ecclésiastique, où la société civile était soumise au religieux. Cette étude porte essentiellement sur le français, mais aborde aussi quatre autres langues européennes (anglais, allemand, espagnol et italien), en s'appuyant sur des dictionnaires (monolingues et bilingues) ou des encyclopédies datant de cette période ou actuels, ainsi que sur quelques ouvrages relatifs à l'histoire de cette notion. Observation d'ordre métalinguistique sur les représentations véhiculées par les mots de la "laïcité", non dissociables des choses qu'ils servent à dénommer dans l'histoire, politique et culturelle, des États où sont pratiquées nativement ces cinq langues.The present paper studies the way the modern notion of 'laïcité', which is aimed at dissociating religion and civil society, became expressed, between the end of the 19th century and the turn of the 20th, in a vocabulary datingback to an age when civil society was subordinated to religion. Primarily based on French, the study also takes into account four other European languages (English and German, Italian and Spanish) drawing on material borrowed from monolingual and/or bilingual encyclopedias and dictionaries, both contemporary and published during the period under review, as well as from a number of publications relative to the topic. Of a metalinguistic nature, this study focuses on the representations conveyed by laïcité's words, words which cannot be dissociated from the facts they designate in the cultural and political history of the states where those five languages are used by native speakers
Condorcet en España
No full textLa obra de Condorcet en España es conocida ya por sus contemporáneos, entre ellos Jovellanos, e inspira a los ilustrados españoles, especialmente en lo referente a informes y propuestas sobre políticas educativas. Su influencia y valoración durante los siglos XIX y XX depende de las ideologías, de las políticas imperantes y de las de los comentaristas y críticos que se ocupan de su obra. A partir de la transición democrática y especialmente con motivo del bicentenario de la Revolución francesa (1989), el interés por las ideas de este adalid de la educación universal (gratuidad, coeducación, formación a lo largo de la vida) y de la laicidad, es creciente en nuestro país. Si bien sus obras sobre la instrucción pública son las más conocidas y comentadas, no faltan estudiosos que hayan puesto su atención en los contenidos jurídicos y en las reflexiones filosóficas de su obra histórica. Se han estudiado también sus escritos en defensa de los derechos democráticos de las mujeres, pero creemos que, en la historia del feminismo, esta aportación no ha sido suficientemente valorada.Condorcet's work was already known by his Spanish contemporaries, including Jovellanos. It inspired Spanish enlightened, especially in terms of reports and proposals on education policies. Condorcet's influence and valuation during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries depend on the prevailing ideologies and policies of each period, as well as on the political views of his work's commentators and critics. From the democratic transition on, and especially after the bicentenary of the French Revolution (1989), Spain has developed a growing interest in Condorcet's thoughts, in this leader of secularism and universal education (free-of-charge, coeducation and lifelong education). Whilst Condorcet's works on public education are the best known and the most commented, many scholars have turned their attention to the legal content and the philosophical reflections of his historical work. His writings in defence of democratic rights for women have also been studied, but we believe that in the history of feminism, his contribution has not been sufficiently valued
La literatura como eje vertebrador para la implementación de la interculturalidad en el aula de FLE
No full textEl presente artículo se centra en la dimensión intercultural de la literatura como eje para desarrollar la competencia intercultural en el aprendizaje de lenguas. Tras una revisión histórica del rol de la literatura en la didáctica de lenguas extranjeras, se señalan los rasgos más importantes de la interculturalidad y se subraya la importancia de la literatura como transmisor de la cultura. Se incluye una parte pragmática en la que se aportan reflexiones metodológicas e ideas prácticas sobre cómo integrar en el aprendizaje de una lenguaextranjera la literatura utilizando para ello la Perspectiva Accional (PA).This article focuses on the intercultural dimension of literature as an axis to develop intercultural competence in language learning. After a historical review of the role of literature in foreign language didactics, the most important features of interculturality are pointed out and the importance of literature as a transmitter of culture is underlined. A pragmatic part is included in which methodological reflections and practical ideas on how to integrate literature into the learning of a foreign language are included in to go deeper into the concept of interculturality.Cet article porte sur la dimension interculturelle de la littérature en tant qu'axe pour développer les compétences interculturelles dans l'apprentissage des langues. Après un rappel historique du rôle de la littérature dans la didactique des langues étrangères, nous signalons les principales caractéristiques de l'interculturalité et nous soulignons l'importance de la littérature comme outil pour transmettre la culture. Nous ajoutons une partie pragmatique avec des réflexions méthodologiques et des idées pratiques sur la manière d'intégrer la littérature dans l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère en adoptant la perspective Actionnelle (PA)
A dor gera compreensão : a Guerra Justa e as Cruzadas
No full textAs Cruzadas não foram mais um conflito dentro da história das guerras.Elas foram um choque entre duas visões de mundo: o Cristianismo e o Islã. O início das Cruzadas, diferente de outras guerras, teve uma fundamentação nos princípios da guerra justa. Este trabalho fez um breve resumo das origens da guerra justae do Islã. Depois, mostrou que a Igreja de Roma aplica esses princípios em alguns casos. Um desses casos foram as Cruzadas.The Crusades were no longer a conflict within the history of wars. They were a clash between two worldviews: Christianity and Islam. The beginning of the Crusades, unlike other wars, was based on the principles of just war. This work gave a summary of the origins of just war and Islam. Then he showed that the Church of Rome applies these principles in some cases. One such case was the Crusades
Tuning gene activity by inducible and targeted regulation of gene expression in minimal bacterial cells
No full textAltres ajuts: predoctoral fellowship from the Generalitat de Catalunya (FI-DGR 2014)This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposesFunctional genomics studies in minimal mycoplasma cells enable unobstructed access to some of the most fundamental processes in biology. Conventional transposon bombardment and gene knockout approaches often fail to reveal functions of genes that are essential for viability, where lethality precludes phenotypic characterization. Conditional inactivation of genes is effective for characterizing functions central to cell growth and division, but tools are limited for this purpose in mycoplasmas. Here we demonstrate systems for inducible repression of gene expression based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-mediated interference (CRISPRi) in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and synthetic Mycoplasma mycoides, two organisms with reduced genomes actively used in systems biology studies. In the synthetic cell, we also demonstrate inducible gene expression for the first time. Time-course data suggest rapid kinetics and reversible engagement of CRISPRi. Targeting of six selected endogenous genes with this system results in lowered transcript levels or reduced growth rates that agree with lack or shortage of data in previous transposon bombardment studies, and now produces actual cells to analyze. The ksgA gene encodes a methylase that modifies 16S rRNA, rendering it vulnerable to inhibition by the antibiotic kasugamycin. Targeting the ksgA gene with CRISPRi removes the lethal effect of kasugamycin and enables cell growth, thereby establishing specific and effective gene modulation with our system. The facile methods for conditional gene activation and inactivation in mycoplasmas open the door to systematic dissection of genetic programs at the core of cellular lif
Size-dependent protein-nanoparticle interactions in citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles : the emergence of the protein corona
No full textSurface modifications of highly monodisperse citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with sizes ranging from 3.5 to 150 nm after their exposure to cell culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum were studied and characterized by the combined use of UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements. In all the tested AuNPs, a dynamic process of protein adsorption was observed, evolving toward the formation of an irreversible hard protein coating known as Protein Corona. Interestingly, the thickness and density of this protein coating were strongly dependent on the particle size, making it possible to identify different transition regimes as the size of the particles increased: (i) NP-protein complexes (or incomplete corona), (ii) the formation of a near-single dense protein corona layer, and (iii) the formation of a multilayer corona. In addition, the different temporal patterns in the evolution of the protein coating came about more quickly for small particles than for the larger ones, further revealing the significant role that size plays in the kinetics of this process. Since the biological identity of the NPs is ultimately determined by the protein corona and different NP-biological interactions take place at different time scales, these results are relevant to biological and toxicological studies