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Understanding FATA: Attitudes towards Governance, Religion and Society in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Volume V)
No full textThe Community Appraisal & Motivation Programme (CAMP) has been conducting opinion polls of the people of FATA since 2007. The goal of the reports is to reveal the thinking and the opinions of the people so that policy makers and other influential actors will have useful, actionable information. The "Understanding FATA" research report 2011 is based on the opinions of 4,000 respondents with an equal number of males and females and 18 focus group discussions. The fifth volume of the ‘Understanding FATA’ series, among others, highlights a decline in optimism in FATA. More than two-third of people surveyed responded that 'Pakistan is going in the wrong direction.' The largest group of respondents identified 'inability to provide basic amenities' as the greatest human rights concern in FATA
Mit Samthandschuhen an der Tastatur: Beleidigungsklagen gefährden Meinungsfreiheit in Asien
No full textDer Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit Beleidigungsklagen im asiatischen Raum. Dort wächst die Sorge vor beleidigenden und extremistischen Inhalten im Internet. Neue Gesetze sollen Abhilfe schaffen. Sie kollidieren aber mit den Geschäftsmodellen der Suchmaschinen, sozialen Netzwerke und Internet-Cafés. Die Anbieter wehren sich deshalb gegen die Verpflichtung zur Selbstkontrolle — auch weil dies oft technisch gar nicht möglich ist. Die Medien befürchten überdies Risiken für die Presse- und Meinungsfreiheit. Denn aus Angst vor Strafen könnte künftig viel mehr aus dem Netz verschwinden, als nach dem Gesetz eigentlich erforderlich wäre
In search of Pythagoras. The India-Afghanistan-Pakistan triangle under stress
No full textA growing struggle over resources, the unsolved Kashmir issue, India's engagement in Afghanistan and the probable resurgence of extremist elements in Kabul cast clouds over the future of further regional integration and cooperation
The Ahmadiyyas of Pakistan: A historical Overview and an Assessment of their current Position
No full textThe paper examines the current situation of the Ahmadiyyas in Pakistan as well as the historical development of this religious movement
What Do We Know about Growth Patterns in Pakistan?
No full textThis paper explores stylized facts of Pakistan's growth patterns. It identifies the short-lived predominant character of its increasingly scarce growth accelerations, the average volatility of the growth rate by international standards, the high but decreasing correlation between overall growth and agricultural growth, the long term decline of its growth (potential) rate to around 4.5 percent, well below the 6 percent rate of the 1960s or from the 7 percent rate required for absorbing the young labor force. It also explores the dramatically steady fall in productivity during the 2000s (measured by Total Factor Productivity) and, to a lesser extent, capital accumulation as main reasons of such decline. The paper analyzes the role factor accumulation plays in long-term labor reallocation across sectors, with industry stalling, agriculture still playing a major role that goes beyond its own contribution to GDP, and services playing an increasing role in creating employment, but on low productivity jobs. Growth acceleration is not assured and Pakistan will need to create more jobs moving from agriculture to industry and services in activities where productivity is higher, but to do this, curbing the factors that constraint growth overall and sectoral and Total Factor Productivity in particular will be essential
Public Infrastructure Trends and Gaps in Pakistan
No full textThis paper analyzes the public infrastructure trends and gaps in Pakistan, especially by placing the Pakistani experience in an international context. It examines the major sectors of public infrastructure, including (a) transportation, (b) telecommunication, (c) electricity generation and (d) water, sanitation and irrigation. Public infrastructure in Pakistan has made some progress over the last five decades. However, compared to other similar countries, the rate of improvement in Pakistan has been among the slowest for the majority of public infrastructure sectors. This has matched the relatively weak economic growth performance of the country in recent decades, which has remained at or below the median country in the world. Moreover the infrastructure improvement has been insufficient to ameliorate substantially the infrastructure conditions of Pakistani citizens
Human Opportunity Index - National: Equality of Children's Opportunities in Pakistan
No full textThis paper complements the World Bank's recent report on poverty by providing some additional information on inequality. In contrast to reports that analyze measures of inequality of income or wealth (such as the Gini), this paper focuses on equality of opportunities of children, where opportunities refer to access to basic services and goods (access to education, health conditions and basic infrastructure) that improve the likelihood of children to maximize their human potential. It introduces a new metric to Pakistan, the Human Opportunities Index (HOI), that combines the overall coverage rate of the opportunity with a penalty for the share of access to opportunities that are distributed in an unequal fashion. The Human Opportunity Index was developed recently at the World Bank and has been estimated now for over 20 countries in Latin America and Africa
Making Spatial Change in Pakistan Cities Growth Enhancing
No full textCities' development matters to Pakistan. It is central to economic growth, job creation and quality of life. This is also one of the core themes in the 2011 Government of Pakistan Framework for Economic Growth (FEG). This paper explores the conditions for growth-enhancing spatial change in Pakistan s cities. Cities' development matters to Pakistan. Two strands of analysis are developed. First, it reviews the performance and impact of land use planning in Pakistan's cities while understanding the institutional culture and rules of the game of urban development practices. Given limited availability of urban data, much of this analysis is based on Pakistan's most urbanized province: Punjab, and large cities, primarily Lahore and Karachi. Second, it uses meta-analysis to suggest an agenda of policy options and priorities that could strengthen Pakistan's prudent implementation of spatial potentials and help materialize its cities' creative capital.Following the introduction the paper examines the critical role cities have in Pakistan's economy and development performance. It provides an analysis of Pakistan's current approach to urban development, examining Pakistan's urban planning and development institutions, legislation and practices with the view to identify critical consequences and constraints hampering balanced urban development. Consequently it offers an agenda of objectives and policy options based on international best practices and key actions to address those constraints and guide spatial change in Pakistan's cities. Lastly, it concludes that successful urban transformation requires political will, a sense of urgency and a commitment for shared action
Foreign Sailors on Socotra: The inscriptions and drawings from the cave Hoq
No full textSeveral years ago a group of Belgian speleologists of the Socotra Karst Project made a spectacular discovery. Deep inside a huge cave on the island Socotra they came across a large number of inscriptions, drawings and archaeological objects. As further investigation showed, they were left by sailors who visited the island between the 1st c. BC and the 6th c. AD. The majority of the texts is written in the Indian Brahmī script, but there are also inscriptions in South-Arabian, Ethiopian, Greek, Palmyrene and Bactrian scripts and languages.
This corpus of nearly 250 texts and drawings thus constitutes one of the main sources for the investigation of Indian Ocean trade networks in the first centuries of our era.
The present book is the first comprehensive edition and study of this material. It comprises contributions by an international group of scholars who have been working on these new discoveries for a couple of years (in alphabetical order): Mikhail D. Bukharin (Moscow), Peter De Geest (Brussels), Hédi Dridi (Neuchâtel), Maria Gorea (Paris), Julian Jansen Van Rensburg (Brussels), Christian Julien Robin (Paris), Bharati Shelat (Ahmedabad), Nicholas Sims-Williams (London, Oxford) and Ingo Strauch (Berlin)
Out of control? A qualitative study of diabetes management among Pakistani migrants in North-West England
No full textType 2 diabetes (henceforth referred to as diabetes) is frequently making the headlines of prominent public health journals; it is an increasing challenge for many health systems, as populations grow older. Epidemiological evidence shows that Pakistani patients are at higher risk of developing the condition and also experience increased morbidity. In this thesis I do not attempt to uncover the reasons for this, but rather concentrate on the lived experience of diabetes. I spent three months in a town in North-West England, where I visited both patients and health care providers to build a picture of what diabetes is; what it means in everyday life. I adopt a praxiographic approach similar to Mol (2001) to highlight the complexity present in diabetes care and engage with some topical discourses. Based on my fieldwork I propose that diabetes is not a static entity, but rather a dynamic process that the patient negotiates with their everyday lives. Patients must learn how to change their practices and adopt new ones in order to live together with the condition. However changing practices may have deeper implications for identities, with diet forming the link to home and the concept of exercise not being present. Practices are therefore situated in broader frameworks of values and meanings and educational initiatives may need to take this into account. However even where practices are altered bodies remain unpredictable; they may not behave in the way we expect them to. Similarly life events are also unpredictable and in this way the importance attributed to diabetes may change through time. Diabetes changes the patient, but the patient also changes diabetes. Therefore although medically it is seen as one disease, diabetes is in fact multiple