4501 research outputs found
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„Zukunftsphilologie“ oder die nächste M[eth]ode
No full textWorum es zunächst gehen soll, ist die Wiederentdeckung der oder die Rückkehr zur Philologie, wie sie seit kurzem verstärkt proklamiert wird. Der Nachweis, dass der Trend in der akademischen Maschinerie angekommen ist, lässt sich leicht führen, etwa durch das Projekt „Zukunftsphilologie“ am Forum Transregionale Studien am Berliner Wissenschaftskolleg. Der planerischen Hierarchie zufolge gab die Berliner Wissenschaftskommission den Anstoß, indem ihre „Handlungsempfehlung“ die einzigartigen Bedingungen vor Ort herausstellte und die weitere Förderung von area studies beschloss, wobei dies wiederum auf den Empfehlungen der obersten Wissenschaftsplaner beruht. Der Vorstoß selbst stammt aus der Arabistik und bezieht sich ganz ausdrücklich auf einen Beitrag des Indologen Sheldon Pollock mit dem Titel: „Future Philology? The Fate of a Soft Science in a Hard World“. Die Invokation von Pollock hat eine polemische Seite, die nicht allen auffallen wird. Denn die Indologie wurde vor kurzem in Berlin gestrichen, und für Pollock ist die Wiederentdeckung der Philologie gerade nicht ein Beitrag zu den area studies, sondern ein Ausweg aus dem „dead-end area-studies model“. Der Name des Projekts stammt im Übrigen aus dem bekannten Philologenstreit, nämlich Wilamowitz’ Reaktion auf Nietzsches Geburt der Tragodie
Oral Literature in the Digital Age: Archiving Orality and Connecting with Communities
No full textThanks to ever-greater digital connectivity, interest in oral traditions has grown beyond that of researcher and research subject to include a widening pool of global users. When new publics consume, manipulate and connect with field recordings and digital cultural archives, their involvement raises important practical and ethical questions. This volume explores the political repercussions of studying marginalised languages; the role of online tools in ensuring responsible access to sensitive cultural materials; and ways of ensuring that when digital documents are created, they are not fossilized as a consequence of being archived. Fieldwork reports by linguists and anthropologists in three continents provide concrete examples of overcoming barriers—ethical, practical and conceptual—in digital documentation projects. Oral Literature in the Digital Age is an essential guide and handbook for ethnographers, field linguists, community activists, curators, archivists, librarians, and all who connect with indigenous communities in order to document and preserve oral traditions
Gwadar Port - a potential game changer?
No full textGwadar is intended to be the cornerstone of an attempt to forge a new strategic triangle between Pakistan, China and Iran
General Elections in Pakistan 2013: Some Reflections
No full textThe author analyzes the general elections in Pakistan on May 11, 2013. One major question was the dealing with the Taliban. The author speaks for creating social and economic prosperity as well as a robust approach against the Tabilan movement as the only way for stability in Pakistan
Pakistan: Path to Rapid Growth and Job Creation
No full textPakistan's rebound from the global financial crisis has been slow and fragile, and unless it changes course swiftly, it could face the prospects of a second balance of payments crisis in less than five years. Its recovery from the 2008-09 global financial crisis has been the weakest in South Asia, featuring a unique double-dip growth pattern. With high fertility, Pakistan will double the size of its already young population by 2025. The only way to convert this massive demographic bulge from a political and social burden to an exceptional dividend is through rapid and inclusive growth that creates millions of new and better jobs. In sum, the two main challenges are improving the types of jobs available and enabling people to move into those more productive activities. The binding constraints to Pakistan's growth are both emerging and structural. Emerging constraints include massive cuts in electricity access and macroeconomic instability, leading to high country risk and a sudden stop in external and domestic financing. Structural constraints include low access to domestic finance and government and market failures (micro risks) that impede investment, entrepreneurial activity, and competitiveness, blocking the transition from low-productivity to high-productivity jobs. Pakistan is at a turning point. It could stick to a status quo of piecemeal reforms leading to partial and unsatisfactory outcomes, which at best would lead it to recover its modest historic growth rate of 4-4.5 percent, or it could aim for a bold reform agenda supporting rapid growth (on or above 7 percent) and job creation. Both options are possible, but the former would make it very difficult for Pakistan to meet the aspirations of its people, and especially of its youth
USA und Pakistan: Eine wechselvolle Partnerschaft
No full textDie Allianz zwischen den USA und Pakistan wird von Analysten und Kommentatoren häufig als Zweck-Ehe oder transaktionale Beziehung definiert, die nur durch die wechselseitige Abhängigkeit zusammenhält. Gleichzeitig hegen beide Seiten ein tiefes Misstrauen gegeneinander. Das brüchige Verhältnis zwischen den beiden Ländern ergibt sich aus dem Dilemma, dass einerseits die gegenseitige Abhängigkeit erhalten bleibt, andererseits aber keine Zunahme gemeinsamer Interessen absehbar ist
An Extensive Analysis of GNH Index
No full textThe current paper introduces the 2010 Gross National Happiness Index, which has been advanced by the Centre for Bhutan Studies. It provides a thorough explanation of the methodology, drawing attention to both strengths and standing questions. The remainder of this introduction describes the four pillars and nine dimensions of GNH and the purpose of the GNH Index for public policy. The first part sets out the methodology of the index. It introduces the 2008 GNH Index, the 2010 Gross National Happiness Survey, and the Alkire-Foster methodology as adapted for the GNH Index. It concludes by presenting the GNH Index formulae and interpretation, and introducing the logic for the following two sections. The second part focuses on understanding the achievements of people who have been identified as 'happy' because they enjoy a sufficient combination of achievements across domains. This includes the groups described as 'extensively happy' and 'deeply happy'. This section describes the GNH Index and its associated variables by district, age, gender, and other classifications, and shares the composition of sufficiency among happy people. The third part focuses on increasing happiness. It focuses upon people who are not-yet-happy and scrutinizes the indicators and domains in which they lack sufficiency – because addressing these will increase GNH. This analysis uses the GNH Index, but focuses on the not-yet-happy population and on insufficiency rather than sufficiency
Demographic Transition and the Labor Market in Sri Lanka
No full textSri Lanka's demographic transition has significantly shaped the age distribution of the labor force and created a large working age population (World Bank 2008). Changing cohort sizes of young and old workers not only affect their own labor market outcomes (job quality, earnings), but also potentially affect growth prospects in the economy. Recovering from a 30-year conflict in the North and the East, Sri Lanka aims to accelerate growth in the medium term by substantially increasing investments. What will be the role of the labor market in delivering this growth? The service sector is expanding and accounts for nearly 60 percent of the Growth Domestic Product (GDP) and almost 40 percent of employment. However, only 56 percent of the working age population is employed, a result of low participation and high unemployment rates among women and youth. Any growth strategy will have to bring in more working age people, particularly women, into economic activity. The paper is organized as follows. The two sections that follow present an overview of the supply and demand side of the labor market. The next section discusses the ways in which the demographic transition could shape the labor market, particularly in terms of unemployment and earnings. This discussion is followed by three sections examining labor force participation and unemployment, job type, and earnings respectively. The last section concludes with some policy recommendations
Sindh Province, Pakistan Student Assessment: SABER Country Report 2012
No full textIn 2012, Sindh Province, Pakistan joined the Russia Education Aid for Development (READ) trust fund program, the goal of which is to help countries improve their capacity to design, carry out, analyze, and use assessments for improved student learning. As part of the READ trust fund program, and in order to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of its existing assessment system, the province participated in a formal exercise to benchmark its student assessment system under The World Bank's Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) program. SABER is an evidence-based program to help countries systematically examine and strengthen the performance of different aspects of their education systems. SABER-student assessment is a component of the SABER program that focuses specifically on benchmarking student assessment policies and systems. The goal of SABER-student assessment is to promote stronger assessment systems that contribute to improved education quality and learning for all. The importance of assessment is linked to its role in: providing information on levels of student learning and achievement in the system; monitoring trends in education quality over time; supporting educators and students with real-time information to improve teaching and learning; and holding stakeholders accountable for results. The SABER-student assessment framework is built on the available evidence base for what an effective assessment system looks like. The framework provides guidance on how countries can build more effective student assessment systems. The framework is structured around two main dimensions of assessment systems: the types/purposes of assessment activities and the quality of those activities. Assessment systems tend to be comprised of three main types of assessment activities, each of which serves a different purpose and addresses different information needs. These three main types are: classroom assessment, examinations, and large scale, system level assessments. This report focuses specifically on policies in the area of student assessment
Human Opportunity Index - Provinces: Equality of Children's Opportunities in Pakistan
No full textThis paper complements the World Bank's recent report on poverty by providing some additional information on inequality. In contrast to reports that analyze measures of inequality of income or wealth (such as the Gini), this paper focuses on equality of opportunities of children, where opportunities refer to access to basic services and goods (access to education, health conditions and basic infrastructure) that improve the likelihood of children to maximize their human potential. It introduces a new metric to Pakistan, the Human Opportunities Index (HOI), that combines the overall coverage rate of the opportunity with a penalty for the share of access to opportunities that are distributed in an unequal fashion. The Human Opportunity Index was developed recently at the World Bank and has been estimated now for over 20 countries in Latin America and Africa