Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Not a member yet
2885 research outputs found
Sort by
The neural network adaptive behaviour model for localization and speed control in autonomous rescue mobile robot operation
Get PDFIn robotic operation, an autonomous operation for a mobile robot is needed to operate smoothly, hence, a control system is needed. Numerous architectures for robotics control systems have been put forth. Regretfully, creating a control system architecture is very challenging and occasionally results in inaccuracy in control. An alternative to conventional mobile robot control has emerged to address this issue: behavior-based control system architectures. This paper addresses the behavior of an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) control system in an outdoor rescue operation. The AMR behavior will be governed by the neural network methods, which are a computational intelligence to generate a dependable control algorithm. The architecture is used to coordinate behavior, especially to localize the victims, and for speed control to find the victim location with fast timing. In localization parameters to find the victim in the disaster area, this neural network adaptive model has the smallest error, which is 3.27, compared with other models such as free space model 43.46, and empirical model 4.735. While in robot speed parameter has a low error value, which is 1.47. With this small error, we can conclude that the neural network adaptive behaviour control architecture model for rescue mobile robot operation has been successfully developed
Comparative analysis of Haar Cascade, OpenCV, and you only look once algorithms for vehicle detection
Get PDFObject detection is one of the substantial tasks in computer vision and has a wide range of applications ranging from autonomous driving to monitoring systems. This study presents a comparative analysis of vehicle detection approaches, contrasting traditional methods (OpenCV contour analysis and Haar Cascade) with modern deep learning-based you only look once version 8 (YOLOv8) and its variants. Vehicles were identified and localized within video frames using bounding boxes, with performance assessed through accuracy, F1-score, mean average precision (mAP), and inference speed. YOLOv8 consistently achieved superior accuracy (up to 98% in specific scenarios) and real-time processing speeds (155 FPS), confirming its suitability for safety-critical applications such as intelligent transport systems and autonomous navigation. However, its higher computational and memory demands highlight deployment trade-offs, where lighter variants like YOLOv8s remain feasible for embedded or low-power devices. In contrast, Haar Cascade and contour analysis offered faster execution and smaller memory footprints but lacked robustness under complex environmental conditions. The study also acknowledges limitations such as dataset bias, adverse weather effects, and scalability challenges, which may impact generalization in real-world deployments. By analyzing these trade-offs, the work provides essential insights to guide practitioners in selecting suitable vehicle detection solutions across diverse application environments
Influence of installing a virtual synchronous generator control on Lombok Island power grid with high penetration of PV plants
Get PDFIndonesia is a country with several islands, and providing clean energy in islanded power systems connected to a single main grid would be economy challenging. On the other hand, absence of inertia, system strength, and damping value in islanded power systems due to inverter interfaced renewable energy (RE) resources can cause significant decline of power system stability. The primary concern with integrating large scale photovoltaic (PV) power plant in an islanded power system is maintaining frequency and voltage stability. This research investigates the application of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) in Lombok’s Islanded power system, considering high penetration of PV. A thorough time domain simulation is performed with a detailed modelling of power system in Lombok Island to study the dynamic voltage and frequency stability. The simulation results show that the VSG improves both frequency and voltage stability in transient and steady state stages, ensuring smoother operation and faster stabilization time. It is found that the frequency deviation can be curtail up to 0.5% and the steady state can be increased up to 0.1%
Sinusoidal modelling for efficient source coding of phonocardiogram signals in cardiac monitoring devices
Get PDFThis study focuses on developing an efficient and cost-effective approach for compressing Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals without compromising their quality. The method utilizes two data compression techniques, capturing heart sounds and transforming them into the frequency domain to extract essential features such as frequency, phase, and amplitude peaks. The compressed signals are subsequently reconstructed to faithfully replicate the original heart sounds. The findings contribute to advancements in biomedical signal processing and compression methodologies, with potential applications in telemedicine and remote sustainable healthcare systems. Compressed PCG signals enable real-time remote consultations and continuous cardiac health monitoring, particularly in underserved regions with limited medical resources. This research holds significant potential for improving access to cardiovascular healthcare and promoting overall health and well-being
Designing an A+ LED solar simulator: spectrum optimization and its impact on silicon solar cells
Get PDFThe development of light-emitting diode (LED)-based solar simulators that comply with the updated IEC 60904-9:2020 standard, particularly achieving a Class A+ irradiance spectrum, remains a significant challenge. This necessitates careful consideration of two key spectral quality indicators: spectral deviation (SPD) and spectral coverage (SPC). This study proposes a method to achieve a Class A+ solar simulator spectrum using a minimal number of LED types while optimizing SPD and SPC. It also examines the influence of SPD and SPC on the photogenerated current density (Jph) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of crystalline silicon and multi-crystalline silicon solar cells. By selectively adding ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) LEDs to the original six-type LED configuration, the simulator’s spectral performance was enhanced to more closely align with the AM1.5G standard. The configuration incorporating both UV and NIR LEDs demonstrated the highest performance. It achieved an SPC of 97.521% and the lowest SPD at 26.088%. Simulation results confirmed that higher SPC and lower SPD values contribute to reduced errors in the calculated Jsc and Jph for both crystalline silicon (c-Si) and multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. These findings highlight the importance of well-balanced spectral design and demonstrate that accurate spectral simulation is achievable using only essential LED wavelengths
Hardware-based efficient Mickey-128 stream cipher with unrolling factors for throughput enhancement
Get PDFThe emerging trend known as "ubiquitous computation" aims to incorporate intelligent gadgets into commonplace items. The lightweight cryptographic techniques are being researched and developed to minimize the gadgets' resources and a perpetual desire to reduce production expenses. A key element of symmetric cryptography, the stream cipher has unique benefits in terms of scalability as well as performance. The Mickey-128 stream cipher is designed and implemented in this manuscript. Additionally, unrolling features are incorporated with Mickey-128 cipher to enhance the throughput. The Mickey-128 contains a 128-bit key, an initialization vector (IV), and two clocking registers (R and S) with mapping units. The finite state machine (FSM) controller initializes and controls the key, IV and RS- registers data. The proposed Mickey-128 cipher runs on an Artix-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA) at 639.1 MHz and uses less than 1% of the chip's area (Slices). For unrolling factors 8 and 16, the Mickey-128 cipher achieves a throughput of 5.12 Gbps and 10.23 Gbps, accordingly. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed Mickey-128 cipher and the existing ciphers' better hardware efficiency and throughput
Implementation of radio frequency identification technology for a secure and intelligent shopping cart
Get PDFShopping at supermarkets has become a daily activity in urban areas of Enugu, Nigeria. However, there is always a huge rush in most mega supermarkets during times of discount offers, weekends and holidays resulting in long queues due to the barcode billing process. This research proposes a way of reducing the time spent at the billing counter using a radio frequency identification (RFID) smart-based shopping cart. To achieve this objective, an RFID tag, RFID reader, Arduino microcontroller and light-emitting diode (LED) display were used to develop a smart shopping trolley. RFID tag was placed on each of the eight products displayed for sale. RFID reader reads all the products that were placed on the cart and the details of the product such as the name, quantity, cost, and total cost was displayed on the LED. The smart shopping trolley system also incorporates an alarm system that triggers off when the RFID tag is removed from a product to avoid shoplifting and make the system secure for the owners of the supermarket. The result showed that the billing of the products was done directly from the smart shopping cart. The system was compared with the conventional barcode system and was found to overcome the limitations of time-consuming billing procedures
Cluster-based routing protocols through optimal cluster head selection for mobile ad hoc network
Get PDFMobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) operate without fixed infrastructure, with mobile nodes acting as both hosts and routers. These networks face challenges due to node mobility and limited resources, causing frequent changes in topology and instability. Clustering is essential to manage this issue. Significant research has been devoted to optimal clustering algorithms to improve cluster-based routing protocols (CBRP), such as the weighted clustering algorithm (WCA), optimal stable clustering algorithm (OSCA), lowest ID (LID) clustering algorithm, and highest connectivity clustering (HCC) algorithm. However, these protocols suffer from high re-clustering frequency and do not adequately account for energy efficiency, leading to network instability and reduced longevity. This work aims to improve the CBRP to create a more stable and long-lasting network. During cluster head (CH) selection, nodes with high residual energy or degree centrality are chosen as CH and backup cluster head (BCH). This approach eliminates the need for re-clustering, as the BCH can seamlessly replace a failing CH, ensuring continuous cluster maintenance. The proposed modified cluster-based routing protocol (MCBRP) evaluated network simulator 2 (ns2) demonstrates that MCBRP is more energy-efficient, selecting optimal CH and balancing the load to enhance network stability and longevity
Variable loaded brushless DC motor with six step commutation PID-based speed controller optimized by PSO algorithm
Get PDFThis research presents a method for regulating varying voltage as a DC source in a six-step commutation brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive through control proportional integral derivative (PID) as a simple strategy for controlling the speed of BLDC motors. Strengthening the control gain uses the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE) and overshoot as fitness control characteristics. The performance of the motor with the proposed controller is analyzed and compared with an experimentally-simulated-tuned PID, hybrid gray wolf optimization–proportional integral (GWO-PI), and hybrid horse herd PSO-PID (HHH PSO-PID) under changing load and speed conditions. Simulation using compose-psim altair software. Control system response parameters such as RMSE, overshoot, electromagnetic torque ripple, and phase current ripple are measured and compared with the above controllers. The results show that the proposed controller is superior to a wide range of predefined system responses
Human-centered design approach for enhancing supply chain management systems in SMEs: insights from Malaysia
Get PDFA reliable supply chain management (SCM) system is crucial to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to meet the increasing demands of supply chain operations. However, the misalignment between the functional SCM system and the complex, dynamic, and diverse needs of the supply chain stakeholders is paramount. This paper presents an effort to adopt human-centered design (HCD) in the process of identifying requirements for a SCM system, aimed at providing valuable support to SMEs. The HCD places a strong emphasis on shaping design choices in alignment with users' tasks, needs, and preferences, instead of requiring users to adapt their behaviors to fit the system. The survey method is employed to get the SMEs' perspectives on the potential benefits of incorporating HCD into the requirements of the SCM system. The findings showed that a minimum of 80% of the respondents agreed that HCD brings numerous benefits to the development of SCM systems for SMEs in Malaysia