Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Academic Entrepreneurship – Gendered Discourses and Ghettos
Get PDFIn this article, based on texts on academic entrepreneurship as well as on interviews with teachers and researchers at two Swedish universities, we explore how global and local discourses of academic entrepreneurship are constructed and gendered. How can gender mainstreaming interventions be introduced in the arena academic entrepreneurship? We show that the entrepreneurial discourse is met by both counteracting and contributory discourses in academia. We also show that texts promoting entrepreneurship pictures of men address both women and men, while pictures of women are only targeted to women, often found in ‘entrepreneurial ghettos’ and conceptualized as in need of support, as less risk-willing and less willing to commercialize their research. A problem addressed in this article is how to design gender mainstreaming interventions without reproducing such stereotypes. We believe the solution is not gender neutrality, but to move back and forth between liberal feminist and more critical constructionist approaches. .In this article, based on texts on academic entrepreneurship as well as on interviews with teachers and researchers at two Swedish universities, we explore how global and local discourses of academic entrepreneurship are constructed and gendered. How can gender mainstreaming interventions be introduced in the arena academic entrepreneurship? We show that the entrepreneurial discourse is met by both counteracting and contributory discourses in academia. We also show that texts promoting entrepreneurship pictures of men address both women and men, while pictures of women are only targeted to women, often found in ‘entrepreneurial ghettos’ and conceptualized as in need of support, as less risk-willing and less willing to commercialize their research. A problem addressed in this article is how to design gender mainstreaming interventions without reproducing such stereotypes. We believe the solution is not gender neutrality, but to move back and forth between liberal feminist and more critical constructionist approaches.In this article, based on texts on academic entrepreneurship as well as on interviews with teachers and researchers at two Swedish universities, we explore how global and local discourses of academic entrepreneurship are constructed and gendered. How can gender mainstreaming interventions be introduced in the arena academic entrepreneurship? We show that the entrepreneurial discourse is met by both counteracting and contributory discourses in academia. We also show that texts promoting entrepreneurship pictures of men address both women and men, while pictures of women are only targeted to women, often found in ‘entrepreneurial ghettos’ and conceptualized as in need of support, as less risk-willing and less willing to commercialize their research. A problem addressed in this article is how to design gender mainstreaming interventions without reproducing such stereotypes. We believe the solution is not gender neutrality, but to move back and forth between liberal feminist and more critical constructionist approaches
Orientación hacia el Desarrollo del Turismo del Vino de las Webs de las Bodegas de La Rioja y Aragón (España)
Get PDFWine Tourism Development Orientation in Winery Websites of La Rioja and Aragón (Spain)The incorporation of Internet into tourism management enabled the configuration of a distribution channel which is able to promote tourist products and destinations. Websites have become a key factor in modern tourism industry due to their power to stimulate market demand at low cost. In an information-intensive industry websites enhance distribution, customer relationship and information access. This paper is focusing on winery websites of two Spanish regions, and the objective was to evaluate if the websites are used as a tool to develop relationship marketing and to become a wine tourism destination. The results show that about 35% of wineries have a website, but customer relationships are scarcely developed. Furthermore it detects the existence of a website group focused on wine tourism development, apart from an e-commerce focused group and a basic information group
Development and Marketing of Solar Innovations: A Case Study
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the process of development and marketing of CIS technology as a major innovation in solar technology through the case of Würth Solar GmbH Co. KG., which is the first company worldwide to have started mass production of CIS-solar modules. This article reports the development history of the technology and analyzes its innovative content. It also describes cooperation with innovation partners as a key to success. The participating organizations and actors involved are shown and their roles in the innovation process are illustrated. Challenges and oppositions are explained and the way the company managed to overcome these difficulties is presented
Evaluation of the Norwegian R&D Tax Credit Scheme
Get PDFWe find that the Norwegian R&D tax credit scheme introduced in 2002 mainly works as intended. The scheme is cost-effective and it is used by a large number of firms. It stimulates these firms to invest more in R&D, and, in particular, the effect is positive for small firms with little R&D experience. The returns on the R&D investments supported by the scheme are positive and generally not different from the returns to other R&D investments. We have found examples of what can be interpreted as tax motivated adjustments to the scheme, but to some extent this must be accepted as a cost to subsidy and support schemes intended for use by a large number of economic agents. This is particularly so when attempts are made to keep administrative expenditures and control routines at a low level
On the Appropriateness of Incident Management Systems in Developing Countries: A Case from the UAE
Get PDFRoad traffic incidents are eliciting growing public concerns due to their devastating social, economical, and environmental impacts. The severity of these random events is particularly alarming in developing countries, where the situation is just worsening. Recently, Incident Management Systems (IMSs) have been proposed as powerful tools to enhance the coordination and management of rescue operations during traffic accidents. However, most of the available commercial IMS solutions are designed for large metropolitan cities and within the contexts of developed nations. This paper explores the issues of appropriateness and customization of IMS solutions in developing countries through an exploratory inquiry consisting of a case study from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The paper also explores the important issues related to managing the organizational changes that an IMS introduces to the operations of the command and control room. This contribution calls for the development of more comprehensive theoretical frameworks that can guide towards the implementation of appropriate IMS solutions in developing countries. Our research highlights the need for developing countries to acquire appropriate IMS solutions that are tailored to the local organizational work context in which these systems will be used. The experience reported herein can also inspire other public safety agencies in developing countries to consider the option of developing customized IMS solutions that best suit their needs
A Causal Decision Making Model for Knowledge Management Capabilities to Innovation Performance in Taiwan’s High-Tech Industry
Get PDFR&D and innovation is the source of technology companies’ profit. If companies cannot be smoothly implemented technological innovation and R&D investments, then they can not strengthen their competitiveness. In the light of dynamic capabilities and absorptive capacities, we need an effective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis tools to assess the impact of organizational innovation and performance factors so that we can promote organizational innovation performance requires. This study used multiple criteria decision analysis method- DEMATEL, how influence as innovation performance on knowledge management capabilities of high-tech industry. Result of this study, enterprises can access external knowledge and make amendments to the operating principle effectively and immediately, when enhanced absorptive capabilities. Moreover, enhancing absorption capabilities will lead the improvement of dynamic capabilities to adapt to the rapidly changing competitive environment
Scenarios for the Strategic Planning of Technologies
No full textPortugal has an active population with low levels of education, a specialized manufacturing pattern based on traditional sectors and firms of small and very small size. These characteristics have a strong impact on the improvement of innovations and on the university-industry relations which have to be understood differently from the developed countries. This article intends to know what are the basic conditions for firms be innovative, in this very specific context, what type of innovations are they able to produce and what are the circumstances in which they can develop advantageous relations with the academic world. We conclude that the basic condition for these to happen is a certain accumulation of knowledge inside firms. An increasing in the accumulation of this knowledge goes hand in hand with the improvement of innovations and with the integration capacity of firms in the innovation space, notion which is proposed in alternative to the one of innovation system.Manufacturing based corporations often find themselves confronted with complexities of increased pressures to innovate in order to ensure their comparative market positions. In order to react to various exogenous changes corporations need to develop strategies that match their manufacturing resources as well as products with the markets requirements. Technology scenarios represent a holistic approach for managing innovation processes and technologies efficiently. A multidimensional requirement catalogue for specific product- market- combinations represents the fundamental building block for the ranking of particular material- components and technologies. The following analysis through evolutionary algorithms for compatibility between and amongst them provides the necessary information about their suitability. The resulting scenarios and roadmap and a regular monitoring process are prerequisite for the managerial decision making process and the implementation technology strategies.Manufacturing based corporations often find themselves confronted with complexities of increased pressures to innovate in order to ensure their comparative market positions. In order to react to various exogenous changes corporations need to develop strategies that match their manufacturing resources as well as products with the markets requirements. Technology scenarios represent a holistic approach for managing innovation processes and technologies efficiently. A multidimensional requirement catalogue for specific product- market- combinations represents the fundamental building block for the ranking of particular material- components and technologies. The following analysis through evolutionary algorithms for compatibility between and amongst them provides the necessary information about their suitability. The resulting scenarios and roadmap and a regular monitoring process are prerequisite for the managerial decision making process and the implementation technology strategies
Athena in the World of Techne: The Gender Dimension of Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Get PDFLong confined to the realm of feminist studies, issues pertaining to women’s access, participation, advancement and reward are rising to prominence in innovation, technology and entrepreneurship –areas traditionally characterised either by gender-blindness or male dominance. The implications of this shift are wide-ranging but the mechanisms by which it takes place are little known. We Discuss causes of the relatively small numbers of women scientists, researchers, innovators or entrepreneurs, the exceedingly slow pace of transition from inequality to equality and the usually lower hierarchical positions than men’s in academia or business, women’s hidden roles in technological change and an exemplary instance of women’s leading role in a major technological innovation with wide social impact, in the context of major changes arising in the transition from the Industrial to the Knowledge Society.Long confined to the realm of feminist studies, issues pertaining to women’s access, participation, advancement and reward are rising to prominence in innovation, technology and entrepreneurship –areas traditionally characterised either by gender-blindness or male dominance. The implications of this shift are wide-ranging but the mechanisms by which it takes place are little known. We Discuss causes of the relatively small numbers of women scientists, researchers, innovators or entrepreneurs, the exceedingly slow pace of transition from inequality to equality and the usually lower hierarchical positions than men’s in academia or business, women’s hidden roles in technological change and an exemplary instance of women’s leading role in a major technological innovation with wide social impact, in the context of major changes arising in the transition from the Industrial to the Knowledge Society.Long confined to the realm of feminist studies, issues pertaining to women’s access, participation, advancement and reward are rising to prominence in innovation, technology and entrepreneurship –areas traditionally characterised either by gender-blindness or male dominance. The implications of this shift are wide-ranging but the mechanisms by which it takes place are little known. We Discuss causes of the relatively small numbers of women scientists, researchers, innovators or entrepreneurs, the exceedingly slow pace of transition from inequality to equality and the usually lower
hierarchical positions than men’s in academia or business, women’s hidden roles in technological change and an exemplary instance of women’s leading role in a major technological innovation with wide social impact, in the context of major changes arising in the transition from the Industrial to the Knowledge Society
Implicaciones de Género en la Sociedad de la Información: Un Análisis desde los Determinantes de Uso de Internet en Chile y México
Get PDFThis document presents the gender differences in Internet use for some Latin American countries and, through an empirical exercise, validates these differences, as well as the gender interaction with the determinants of Internet use. For this purpose, a model of interaction effects is applied to Mexico and Chile, with the income as one of the key determinants in the use of Internet. The main findings suggest that the positive effect of the income on the probability of use of Internet is greater for men than for women. This is one of the first papers that show the status of gender indicators and Internet use in the region. Additionally, this is the first empirical validation of gender gaps given by using models based on information from ICT households’ surveys in Latin America. Thus, based on findings on the gender implications in Internet use, we raised the discussion to public policy guidelines for the region.Este documento presenta las diferencias de género en el uso de Internet para algunos países de América Latina y mediante un ejercicio empírico valida estas diferencias, así como la interacción del género con los determinantes de uso de Internet. Para esto se aplica a los casos de México y Chile un modelo de Interaction effects, con el ingreso como uno de los principales determinantes de uso de Internet. Los principales hallazgos sugieren que el efecto positivo que tiene el ingreso sobre la probabilidad de uso de Internet, resulta mayor para los hombres que para las mujeres.
Este es uno de los primeros documentos en mostrar el estado de los indicadores de género y uso de Internet en la región. Adicionalmente es el primero en validar las diferencias de género empíricamente a través de modelos que utilizan la información de TIC de las encuestas de hogares de la región. De esta manera, con base en los hallazgos sobre las implicaciones de género en el uso de Internet se hacen algunas reflexiones con orientación de políticas públicas para la región.Este documento presenta las diferencias de género en el uso de Internet para algunos países de América Latina y mediante un ejercicio empírico valida estas diferencias, así como la interacción del género con los determinantes de uso de Internet. Para esto se aplica a los casos de México y Chile un modelo de Interaction effects, con el ingreso como uno de los principales determinantes de uso de Internet. Los principales hallazgos sugieren que el efecto positivo que tiene el ingreso sobre la probabilidad de uso de Internet, resulta mayor para los hombres que para las mujeres.
Este es uno de los primeros documentos en mostrar el estado de los indicadores de género y uso de Internet en la región. Adicionalmente es el primero en validar las diferencias de género empíricamente a través de modelos que utilizan la información de TIC de las encuestas de hogares de la región. De esta manera, con base en los hallazgos sobre las implicaciones de género en el uso de Internet se hacen algunas reflexiones con orientación de políticas públicas para la región
Food Mileage - An Indicator of Evolution of Agricultural Outsourcing
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to report the finding from study on distance traveled by fresh vegetables from farming location to consumer in traditional and organized retailing. The focus is on the five fresh vegetables and final consumer destination is the city of Chennai. The research is primarily exploratory in nature and research instruments include interviews and survey through questionnaire with players in the fresh vegetable supply chain viz agents, auctioneers, wholesalers, traditional retailers, organized retailers and customers. Additional data collected thorough secondary source, existing literature on Indian retail