Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Innovative Strategic Leader Transforming From a Low-Cost Strategy to Product Differentiation Strategy
Get PDFAfter the 2008 economic slowdown, and with increasing assault from enterprises from emerging economies, many innovative strategic leaders of multinational enterprises are forced to radically transform their enterprises. They often choose to change from low-cost strategy to innovation-driven product differentiation strategy. In this study, we use a multi-level Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) and agency theory to empirically illustrate such a strategic transformation at a large composite fabric and accessories enterprise. Lessons are drawn from the impact of strategic transformation at multiple levels: strategic leader level, tactical-team manager level, operational follower level, and stakeholder level. Implications for practitioners and researchers are provided by way of mindful leader orientation and value-based innovation
ANNA MARÍA PRAT I TRABAL (1938-2013)
Get PDFEl siguiente artículo se adjunta en memoria de la Sra. Ana M. Prat. Corresponde a un resumen bibliográfico escrito por Doña Marcela Aguirre Cabrera, Coordinadora del programa SciELO Chile.La Sra. Ana María Prat colaboró desde un principio en la implementación y certificación de la revista JOTMI. Recordaremos con mucho cariño sus consejos y evaluaciones.El siguiente artículo se adjunta en memoria de la Sra. Ana M. Prat. Corresponde a un resumen bibliográfico escrito por Doña Marcela Aguirre Cabrera, Coordinadora del programa SciELO Chile.La Sra. Ana María Prat colaboró desde un principio en la implementación y certificación de la revista JOTMI. Recordaremos con mucho cariño sus consejos y evaluaciones
Evaluating Performance of University Spin-Off Companies: Lessons from Italy
Get PDFAcademic spin-offs are very special start-up companies that are founded by an academic inventor with the aim to exploit technological knowledge that originated within a University setting in order to develop products or services. During the last two decades, academic spin-offs have received increasing attention from both researchers and practitioners, mainly due to their ability to advance industrial application of scientific knowledge. Much of the studies available in literature on this matter, however, have focused on USA’s spin-offs, while still little attention has been paid to the European countries, and to Italy in particular. Thus, the aim of our research is twofold: first, to fill this gap in literature. Second, to propose, on the basis of the above mentioned literature review, a model of ex-ante evaluation of the spin-off companies’ performance. Specifically, the research methodology followed was a combination of literature analysis and Delphi technique: we first extensively reviewed the extant literature on spin-off companies, then we proposed to a panel of expert the indicators that emerged from the literature as affecting the performance of academic spin-offs
Public Service Innovation and Evaluation Indicators
Get PDFThis paper analyzes innovation in public services with emphasis on the application of evaluation indicators. It considers the clean development mechanism (CDM) projects developed in the Bandeirantes and São João landfills, both located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. There are two methodological procedures. First, the analysis is based on a multi-agent innovation approach. Second, there is an adaptation of the social carbon methodology (SCM) constructing indicators to assess the social and environmental outcome of landfill CDM projects in order to identify opportunities for innovations in services related to the solid waste sector. The application of the multi-agent model for innovation in public services in the solid waste sector makes it possible to bring together the political actors, service organizations and consumers / users. Equally pertinent is the adaptation of the application of SCM, defining indicators to understand the particularities of the service in the context researched, with regard to seeking opportunities for building new ways to solve specific problems through new institutional and organizational arrangements, involving municipal governments, utility companies, communities surrounding the landfills, collectors of recyclable materials, organized bodies of civil society; and with regard to establishing parameters to guide the objectives of innovation in the public sector
Análisis Morfológico de Patentes para Desarrollar un Producto de Seguridad Vehicular
Get PDFThis paper provides the basis for technological intelligence for a vehicle safety project, specifically to avoid rear-end collisions between cars. The framework adopts the general model of innovation proposed by Myers and Marquis. A morphological analysis of patents based on keywords was done to find the settings already used (protected) in the patents analyzed. By listing the occupied configurations of collected patents, the unoccupied territory of configurations are suggested as technology opportunities. This analysis provides: 1) the state of art and not to reinvent the wheel, 2) avoid infringement to industrial property, and 3) discover white spaces as technological opportunities
Nanometrology, Standardization and Regulation of Nanomaterials in Brazil: A Proposal for an Analytical-Prospective Model
Get PDFThe main objective of this paper is to propose an analytical-prospective model as a tool to support decision-making processes concerning metrology, standardization and regulation of nanomaterials in Brazil, based on international references and ongoing initiatives in the world. In the context of nanotechnology development in Brazil, the motivation for carrying out this research was to identify potential benefits of metrology, standardization and regulation of nanomaterials production, from the perspective of future adoption of the model by the main stakeholders of development of these areas in Brazil. The main results can be summarized as follows: (i) an overview of international studies on metrology, standardization and regulation of nanomaterials, and nanoparticles, in special; (ii) the analytical-prospective model; and (iii) the survey questionnaire and the roadmapping tool for metrology, standardization and regulation of nanomaterials in Brazil, based on international references and ongoing initiatives in the world
Offshoring and Outsourcing of R&D and Business Activities in Canadian Technology Firms
Get PDFA substantial amount of empirical research has been conducted on the offshoring/outsourcing practices of U.S., European, South Korean, and Japanese technology firms. However, there is very little research evidence on the strategies of Canadian firms. This leaves a gap in the literature that we aim to fulfill by providing empirical evidence of the practice among Canadian manufacturing firms. The evidence presented is based on t he 2009Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy conducted by Statistics Canada. This survey provides the largest and most comprehensive data in Canada on this topic. The data suggest that only a very small proportion of Canadian manufacturing firms offshore/outsource their R&D and other business activities and only a select few countries. The primary motivations for Canadian firms to offshore/outsource their R&D and business activities are to reduce costs and to gain access to new markets. The managerial, policy, and research implications of the results are discussed
The Role of Reflection in Facilitating and Assessing Innovativeness
Get PDFThe aim of the research is to study the features that should be taken into account when facilitating innovations through reflection, and focusing on the impacts of reflection on innovation. A single case study approach was used in the study. The data was gathered with semi-structured interviews and also innovation measurement data were gathered from the company. To achieve an overall view of the studied organization with regard to the research questions, representatives from different organizational levels were interviewed. In total, six interviews were conducted, including the director, two managers and three employees. The studies of different innovation measurement and management have mainly been theoretical considerations. Further, the role of reflection in facilitating innovation in organizations has been neglected in current literature. The current study presents the features of reflective procedure of facilitating and assessing innovations. The results can be utilized by managers working with innovation management
International Before Commercial: Investigating the Pre-Commercial Phase of International New Ventures
Get PDFIn this study we focus newly established companies within the wave and tidal energy industry. Companies in this industry have not yet reached the phase of commercial production and sales. Our study investigates presents three case companies, analyzing their development pattern and how they access resources through international activities in the pre-commercial phase. The results reveal extensive international activities, were the companies seek for and exploits resources from a variety of countries even the early phases of their development. In fact, they are willing to establish large part of their activities in foreign countries (and even move their home base) to access resources. A key implication for managers is the need of balancing international use of resources and international access to resources. From the perspective of policy makers, the case study illustrate how countries and regions compete in order to attract the attention from and activity of firms in an emerging industry. These companies relocate activity across borders depending on the support framework offered. For researchers, the study demonstrates the need of focus on the international dimension of firm activity as early as in the pre-commercial phase
Innovation and Venture Capital Policy in Brazil and South Africa
Get PDFThis paper examines what constrains and what augments innovation in emerging markets, with a focus on the role of venture capital. It analyses what policy options are open to the government to facilitate innovation. To do this it looks at two country case studies: Brazil and South Africa