Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Economía Social + Innovación Tecnológica: Experiencias de Éxito en Entornos de Precariedad
Get PDFLos modelos asociativos basados en los principios de la Economía Social, han mostrado que favorecen al reparto equitativo del ingreso, además que promueven la autogestión, la democracia interna, la solidaridad y el desarrollo local. El Proyecto Economía Social Idit Ibero tiene como objetivo es incubar, impulsar, y/o consolidar empresas de economía social, preferente ubicadas en zonas pobres o vulnerables, incorporando un “componente significativo” de desarrollo tecnológico e innovación. La innovación social, empresarial y tecnológica alineadas a los principios de la Economía Social, propician la formación y subsistencia de empresas y colectivos que resuelven sus necesidades individuales y de grupo
Improving Innovation in University Spin-Offs. The Fostering Role of University and Region
Get PDFUniversity spin-offs (USOs) are companies created to commercialize knowledge or technology developed in academia; thus, their major contribution to the knowledge economy is their ability to generate innovation. Following the Resource-Based View of the Firm and the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship, it was stated that fostering mechanisms at university level and at regional level may positively influence the USOs innovation. Based on a sample of 621 Italian USOs, we show that the positive impact of the university context is more crucial compared with those of the regional context. In particular, the university affiliated business incubators and Science Parks, jointly with the university financial resources, seem to promote the innovation efforts of USOs. These evidences rise the need of a resilient partnership among all the contextual players involved in the spillover processes, mainly at regional level, in order to effectively exploit the potential innovative efforts of the university start-ups
SMEs’ Innovation and Export Capabilities: Identification and Characterization of a Common Space Using Data Spatialization
Get PDFNumerous publications try to identify and test empirically the link between innovation and export to explain firms’ competitiveness. But it seems that several ways of thinking coexist, without a real consensus. This article proposes a different approach, by considering innovation and export not in terms of impact of the one on the other, but rather as two complementary activities mobilizing common capabilities (resources, skills, knowledge). These common capabilities represent the capabilities that a company needs to mobilize as a priority to improve its performance regarding innovation as well as export. This article aims to identify the common spaces between innovation and export in terms of current practices within SMEs. Initially, the innovation and export practices were identified in the literature and through a set of interviews with business managers. Then an analysis of similarity put forward the common practices between the innovation and export processes. A data spatialization shows that the common practices concern at least: (1) network management, (2) consideration of the customer, (3) the acquisition of information, (4) skills management, (5) the capitalization of knowledge, (6) the global strategy, (7) the follow-up of the projects, (8) the intellectual property, and finally (9) the corporate culture
Tensions between Teams and Their Leaders
Get PDFThe intersection of teamwork and leadership results in tensions, dilemmas, and paradoxes for both individuals and for institutions such as simultaneously empowering individuals at the same time it frustrates them when our naive, cultural understanding of leadership centralizes power and values leaders who can impose their will and vision on others. Perhaps the fundamental paradox of teamwork and leadership is that the more leadership is focused on an individual the less likely a team’s potential will be realized. Six specific domains where tensions arise are: at team boundaries; culture; who is in charge, rationality/cognition; diversity; and collaborations. Three approaches - clarifying different levels of analysis, temporal factors, and overarching concepts - to resolving tensions are discussed. New conceptions of leadership and the importance of the larger cultural frame within which they are embedded are needed for the management of technology and innovation
Gender and Social Legitimacy of Entrepreneurship: Contribution to Entrepreneurial Intention in University Students from Chile and Colombia
Get PDFThe research extends the application of TBP model including gender and SLE as moderator and mediator, respectively, and see if the prior results in developing countries are coincident with those of this research. In sum, the results could strength the contribution of TBP model including SLE as mediator and gender as moderator through EI. The research is a bi-country study based on 351 University students of business management in Chile and Colombia (245 students corresponds to Chile and 106 corresponds to Colombia). The data were subjected first to a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Lisrel package. A structural equation model (SEM) analysis by the method of partial least squares (PLS) was used to test hypotheses. The results show that the Ajzen´s model explains the EI in Chile; while in the case of Colombia, only two of the variables suite the model. The social legitimacy of entrepreneurship is a factor that mediates attitude toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention for both countries. Finally, gender moderates perceived control behavior for the less male culture, Chile, according to Hofstede dimension
Board Composition and Innovation in University Spin-offs. Evidence from the Italian Context
Get PDFCorporate governance issues are critical in university spin-offs because, since their substantially knowledge and technology-driven nature, investments are characterized by rapid growth and real investment opportunities, affecting innovative activity too. In this view, the paper investigate the role of the board of directors’ composition on innovation performance of university spin-offs. Based on a panel sample of 478 Italian university spin-offs, the results show that board size has an inverted-U-shaped relationship with innovation, remarking that not too large boards are more efficient and work better, influencing in a positive way the innovation activity of the spin-off. Regarding the impact of the outside directors, the results seems to invalidate its positive and significant effect on innovation performance. Also the CEO-duality seems to have no influence on the innovative activity. These findings may represent potential indicators of the optimal configuration for board in university spin-offs in order to improve innovation
Innovación Tecnológica en Empresas Chilenas: Un Estudio Empírico Basado en Patentes
Get PDFTechnological Innovation in Chilean Firms: An Empirical Study Based on PatentsLiterature has focused on studying patents in particular industries, subsectors or firms, mainly in developed countries. The level or quantity of patents in Chile during the period 2007-2012 on average reached 12 triadic families, while in countries like Argentina and Mexico presented averages of 12 and 15 respectively. The overall average for the same period amounted to 48,242 OECD triadic patent families. This shows the interest of the scientific community to study the phenomenon of patent creation, and, on the other hand, the large technological gap between developed and developing countries. We propose to study the determinants of patenting in Chilean firms, as a case of a developing country. We use a probit model where the dependent variable takes value one if the firm has or is in the process of obtaining an invention patent (technological) and zero if not. Our database has 4,338 Chilean firms, is cross-sectional and corresponds to an extract of the Eighth Survey of Innovation in Firms 2011-2012. The results show that the age of the firm, the base of existing knowledge, and the use of governmental instruments to support R&D have a positive effect on creation of patents
Cooperación Académica en Latinoamérica para la Innovación en los Agronegocios
Get PDFCuando no existe transferencia de conocimiento al sector productivo o en casos donde la capacidad científico-tecnológica de las universidades es débil, como sucede en varias universidades latinoamericanas, las posibilidades de desarrollo económico se reducen. Frente a este problema, el objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis de las redes sociales de profesores y unidades académicas involucradas en la generación y transferencia de conocimientos sobre agronegocios de una universidad argentina y otra brasilera. El estudio se efectúa sobre la producción de tesis, investigación y extensión durante un período de cuatro años y se utiliza la metodología cuantitativa de Análisis de Redes Sociales. Los resultados muestran redes más fortalecidas y cooperativas en investigación sobre agronegocios de la universidad argentina, mientras que indican mayor desarrollo en redes de extensión y tesis de la universidad brasilera. Se observó en las redes de mayor tamaño condiciones de Small World y una actuación interdisciplinar
Corporate Brand Value Shifting from Identity to Innovation Capability: from Coca-Cola to Apple
Get PDFCorporate brand value, a key corporate asset, has traditionally relied on stakeholder interactions, heritage, and corporate identity. In dynamic fast clock-speed industries (information technology and consumer electronics), we note that brand values change dramatically within a few years based on their innovativeness. Using grounded theory approach and multi-case study method we examine how Apple, Samsung, Toyota, and Coca-Cola sustained their most valuable global brands while Kodak and General Motors eroded the same. Certain key dynamic innovative capabilities are identified as best practices. We conclude with implications for managers and future researchers, along with some limitations
An Up-to-date Survey in Barriers to Open Innovation
Get PDFOpen Innovation (OI) is recently recognized as a key factor in the competitiveness of companies. Firms that are not engaged in OI practice risk of becoming uncompetitive. However, innovating firms are likely to face several challenges often illustrated by barriers. Many researchers studied OI barriers without giving importance to their category. The main objective of this survey is to identify and categorize some barriers to OI practice by analysing how the literature on this topic has evolved for the last seven years (2009-2015). Our understanding of OI barriers can be insightful for future research on OI and it can assist managers, in fostering an innovative culture by supporting new ideas and avoiding an attitude that creates resistance towards these ideas