Journal of Indonesian Islam
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MADRASA BY ANY OTHER NAME: Pondok, Pesantren, and Islamic Schools in Indonesia and Larger Southeast Asian Region
Get PDFAfter more than a decade studying the Indonesian pesantren, the author had an opportunity to visit similar institutions in Thailand. After placing them in historical context, this paper explores how these institutions vary in Southeast Asia. Although it is reasonable to presume that pondok between different countries and areas in the region started out virtually indistinguishable in form and function, local and national histories have shaped them differently. This paper explicitly compares pondok in three distinct areas: Indonesia, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, and the Deep South in Thailand; the former two based on fieldwork and the latter based on literature review. It is common for some analysts and governments to associate pondok with violence. The evidence suggests that this is misplaced. The paper concludes that before an authoritative statement can be made on this point, more research is needed
RELIGIOUS ANTHROPOCENTRISM: The Discourse of Islamic Psychology among Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals
Get PDFIdeas in psychology are often criticized as being dominated by the spirit and the model of secular and liberal Western thinking. They are frequently deemed to bring bias when applied to analyze the psychological problems of human beings in the context of other cultures, especially in the context of Islamic culture. This paper investigates Indonesian Muslim scientists’ offer of an alternative of grand theory in psychology formulated from a more balanced paradigm called religious anthropocentric psychology. Indonesian Muslim scientists develop this paradigm as an attempt to construct spiritual-religious psychology or Islamic psychology. The paper describes an increasing awareness among those Muslim scientists to develop theories of humanistic psychology with spiritual and religious values. This kind of psychological theory seems to be the basis for so-called Islamic psychology. Furthermore, in addition to its reference toward the anthropocentric paradigm, this kind of psychology also refers to the religious-Islamic values, theo-centric or God-centric
FILMING AYAT-AYAT CINTA: The Making of a Muslim Public Sphere in Indonesia
Get PDFThis paper examines how the film’s public screening of the novel Ayat-ayat Cinta shapes an Indonesian Muslim public sphere in which the notion of religious authority is re-created. It operates on three levels: first, the audiences’ perception of the film as a da`wah and their reactions toward the film’s contents; second, the rivalry between the novel writer and the film director on particular issues distancing the film from its novel version; and third, the public debates on the issue of polygamy revealed by the film. The paper finds out that the film Ayat-ayat Cinta has arguably invited Muslim people to have their religious teaching in cinema. More importantly, the wide publication of the film on the internet and mass media has enabled all individuals to take part in the debates raised by the film. In these debates, participation is widely open to all, and argumentation is not based on superiority
IN SEARCH OF SOCIO-HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA’S ISLAMIST TERRORISM: With Special Reference to an Indonesian Experience
Get PDFThis paper examines socio-historical roots of Southeast Asia’s Islamist terrorism. Specifically focusing on cases of terrorism in Indonesia, it deals with global, regional, and local factors that underline the emergence of “radical Islamism” as the roots of modern terrorism. Although there had been some connections between Southeast Asia’s militant Islamists to Afghanistan-based jihadists, an emphasis on the Al-Qaeda-centric paradigm as a framework for analyzing the rise of the region’s terrorism is over-exaggerated. This analytical emphasis tends to ignore the international, regional and local agencies outside Al-Qaeda as well as local political dynamics and socio-historical grounds that have contributed to the appearance of radical Islamism. Subscribing to Edward Said’s “travelling theory”, this paper argues that the idea of terrorism travels, not only from “person to person, from situation to situation, from one period to another” in a socio-historical vacuum, but also in response to specific historical and social changes. The idea of “radical Islamism” travels particularly from Afghanistan and elsewhere to Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia
THE QUEST OF INDONESIAN MUSLIM IDENTITY: Debates on Veiling from the 1920s to 1940s
Get PDFThis paper undertakes a debate of wearing veil for Muslim women among Indonesian Muslim scholars and role of modernist Muslims in propagating it in the early twentieth century. It shows that, the modernist Muslims’ propagation on veil had massively started in the early twentieth century trough printed media and encountered fierce responses from others. In addition, the debate itself was influenced by similar trends in Middle Eastern countries, especially Egypt, which became the reference of Islamic current issues at the time. Because of the uncompromising propagation on veil, the debate not only stimulated polemics but also invited physical violence, which was proven to be unproductive for the campaign. Therefore, the spread of veil among Indonesian Muslim during those decades in Java was not significant with only few Muslim women who were affiliated to Modernist organization such as Muhammadiyah and Persis wore veils. The debate itself was not merely a contentious religious debate but also cultural debate which shows the quest of identity as being Indonesian and being Muslim at the same time. The issue of cutting off from Western cultural domination also spiced up the veiling debate
THE PROBLEM OF MULTICULTURALISM: Radicalism Mainstreaming through Religious Preaching in Surakarta
Get PDFThis study aims at identifying the material scope of religious preaching and sermon; and describing the multicultural aspects conveyed in the religious preaching and sermon. As the subject of analysis, it focuses on religious sermons delivered by preachers in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Using content and discourse analysis, this study finds that: the diversity of the society gains little attention by different religious preachers; instead of multicultural values, the religious preaches and sermons contain some anti-multicultural values, such as self-righteousness, prejudices and stereotypes of other groups; the subject of religious preaches and sermons implied the intensity of the purification movement; and the development of Islam implies the tendency of religious radicalism as reflected in the hostility towards the local culture, foreign people, and non-Muslims
JUM’ATAN IN THE GRAVEYARD: An Anthropological Study of Pilgrims in the Grave of Sunan Gunung Jati Cirebon, West Java
Get PDFPilgrimage to graves of saints is popular among traditionalist Muslims in Java. Pilgrims believe that the graves are sacred. Further, they are convinced that the spirits of those holy people still can facilitate them to get God’s blessings. Such a case is also applied to the grave of Sunan Gunung Jati, one of the nine saints of Java, in Cirebon, West Java. In fact, the pilgrims acquire God’s blessing with the facilitation of the spirit of Sunan Gunung Jati. They call this ritual jum’atan, a ritual of performing prayers and chanting holy words in Friday afternoon until midnight. A number of people with economic, family, and health problems flock into the grave of the Sunan seeking for an inspiration to get a solution. In this case, religion, orthodoxy, culture and their interplay in Java is a really complex issue. Moreover, the notion of orthodoxy has been challenged by the thick of myth surrounding Sunan Gunung Jati in particular
تربيـة المســاواة الجندرية بين الجنسين بالجـامعـة الإسلامية
Get PDFThere are two definitions of gender equality. The first is according to United Nation Development Program and the second is in line with of Islamic view. The difference between its definitions lies in the implementation of total and balance equality. Total equality, as UNDP determiÂnes, is that woman and man are totally equal (50/50) in all aspects. But Islamic view suggests that both women and man are equal with harmony. The meaning of harmony does not just equality for woman and man in all aspects but also refer to difference between them. Sometimes woman have better chance than man, an in other times the fact suggests the reverse. But still other, woman and man have same good chance. To socialize this thinking and Islamic view, education hold an important role. Socialization can run in Islamic education institution. One of the Islamic education institutions is Islamic university
THE DISCOURSE OF MUSLIM INTELLECTUALS AND `ULAMA’ IN INDONESIA: A Historical Overview
Get PDFMuslim intellectuals and `ulama’ are two notions necessary for attempts to get deep understanding of particularly Indonesian Muslim scholars. This paper analyses the discourse of Muslim intellectuals and `ulama’ in Indonesia before the independence period. The focus is on the practices and vectors which paved the way for the Muslim intellectuals and `ulama’ to come to the forefront in socio-political and cultural arena of Indonesia. The paper argues that the emergence of Indonesian intellectuals was not only influenced by Muslim organisations but also by Study Clubs. It further argues that irrespective of the diverse identification of Muslims intellectuals, those with secular educational background dominated the public spehere of Indonesia in the pre-independence period than those trained in pesantren or traditional Islamic education. This codition was a result of the nexus of the colonial contribution through so-called ethical policy, the rise of socio-political and cultural association, and the emergence of study club, which gave rise to Muslim intellectuals with secular educational background
“TEEN ISLAM” The Rise of Teenagers-Segmented Islamic Transmission through Popular Media in Indonesia
Get PDFReligious-cum-cultural studies have lately noted the increasing concern of people with the religious life of the young and the teenagers. The production and consumption of Islam for teenagers have been widely undertaken. The publications, both print and non-print, have become evidence of this increasingly wide production and consumption of Islam for teenagers. Much has been written for examining this production and consumption of Islam. But, less has been devoted to analysing the growing production of Islam segmented for Muslim teenagers, particularly in relation to the historical context of the rise of this teenagers-segmented Islam, genres of this teenagers-segmented Islamic print publication, and the way of presenting Islamic ideas. This paper focuses on the rise of Islamic teen literature along with its different genres in a current context of Indonesia. In doing so, it is particularly concerned with the examination of the production of Islamic ideas among those Muslim teenagers through such a kind of print publication