WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Leptin Gene as Potential Gene for Molecular Selection on Cattle in Indonesia
Full text linkGenetic improvement in beef and dairy cattle which can increase meat and milk production can be conducted through livestock selection based on molecular technique using leptin gene. The leptin gene is located on the fourth chromosome and consists of three exons and two introns. The leptin gene serves to produce the leptin hormone secreted by fat tissue. High concentrations of leptin hormone can increase feed intake and body metabolism thereby increasing livestock productivity. This paper describes the leptin gene including structure, mechanism of leptin hormone and polymorphisms in cows. These polymorphisms occur in the promoter, intron and exon sections associated with body and carcass weight and milk production in some cattle breed. Therefore, leptin gene can be used for selection towards increasing cattle productivity. Utilization of leptin gene can be done by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification on the whole structure of leptin gene and to observe its effect on characteristics of cattle production in Indonesia
Efforts to Improve the Quality of Palm Kernel Cake through Fermentation Technology and Enzyme Addition for Poultry
Full text linkPalm kernel cake (PKC) with the protein content 14-21% and crude fiber about 17.63% is a by product of palm kernel oil. Utilization of PKC as source of protein for poultry feed is still limited. While demand of feed is getting increased. Therefore, the technology to improve PKC quality is needed to optimalize using PKC. This paper inform any efforts to improve the quality of PKC through fermentation technology and addition of enzymes and their utilization as poultry feed ingredient. Fermentation process of PKC can be done using single bacteria, mold or combination of them. By fermentation technology, the protein of PKC increased up to 88% (from 13-15% to 16-28%) and crude fiber decreased by 28% (from 17 to 12.21%). Palm kernel cake after fermentation can substitute soybean meal up to 18%, can be used up to 21% in broiler ration, and up to 25% in layer ration. Enzyme addition could increase metabolisable energy. Fermented PKC and enzyme addition can improve feed efficiency and feed conversion, and reduce abdominal fat in the broiler. Fermentation technology and addition of enzyme to PKC could improve the nutritional quality of PKC
Utilization of Ovary Collected from Abattoir as Genetic Material Resources
Full text linkSlaughtering productive cow is commonly practiced, eventhough it is not in accordance with government program to increase livestock population in Indonesia. Ovarium from slaughtered cow contains genetic materials that have not utilized properly. The purpose of this paper is to review ovarian utilization collected from abattoir through in vitro fertilization technology. The best procedure of ovary preservation from abbatoir to the laboratory, oocyte collection techniques are required to produce qualified embryo. Transportation of ovary to laboratory requires proper temperature and time. Slicing method obtains high quantity and good quality of oocyte. The quality of oocytes collected from abattoir as good as those taken from live animal. Ovaries that previously as waste product can be used for in vitro production of embryos and livestock genetic material resources
Characteristic and Development of Cow’s Milk Dadih as an Alternate of Buffalo’s Milk Dadih
Full text linkDadih is a product of fermented buffalo milk in a bamboo tube from West Sumatera. The decline of buffalo population in West Sumatera caused dadih scarcity. The demand of dadih is high because it is an integral part of the Minangkabau’s diet and culture. Cow milk can be used as a substitute of buffalo milk for producing dadih, although the product has slightly different characteristics, especially lower total solids. Producing cows milk dadih similar to buffalo milk dadih, fresh cow milk should be concentrated and added with skim milk. Single or combination of lactic acid bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium from dadih of buffalo milk or commercial culture can be used as a starter. Based on investment analysis, the prospect of developing cows milk dadih is feasible
Competitiveness of Indonesian Livestock Production among ASEAN Countries
Full text linkASEAN is one of the fastest growing regional economic communities and its combined human population of around 600 million people. Heterogeneity of ASEAN member countries includes population size, cultural background, structure and development of the economy, and level of income. Agriculture is well known as one of the key engine of economic growth of the ASEAN member countries, seen from the fact that most of the countries in this region are strongly depend on this sector including animal production. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the competitiveness of Indonesian production costs of selected livestock products compared to other ASEAN member countries. The following member countries are at their first rank or competitiveness status for the livestock and poultry commodities, namely Cambodia for beef cattle, Malaysia for pigs, the Philippines for sheep and goats, and Thailand for broiler chickens. Indonesia with the highest poultry population in the region, compared to Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines has not yet performed as that good in terms of production costs. The position of Indonesia based on production cost was at the fourth rank for beef, third for sheep and goat, and fourth for broiler compared to other ASEAN member countries. Therefore, Indonesia should improve the efficiency production of livestock and poultry to achieve better competition status
Milk Products Diversification to Increase Profit of Dairy Goat Farming
Full text linkDairy goat farming in Indonesia is growing because goat milk is attractive as nutrient supplement and alternative medicine for human health. Selling fresh goat's milk often becomes a constraint because not all consumers can drink it due to unpleasant smell. Effort on diversification of fresh goat's milk into processed milk products is considered a good option, but only few farmers have done it. Milk processing is useful to eliminate the smell of fresh goat's milk and to increase value-added. Goat population is around 19.01 million head, while dairy goat population has not been known yet. The paper describes the benefit of processing fresh goat milk to increase goat farming profit through the improvement of feed management, and selling the processed milk. Better management increase lactation period from 170 to 250 days, milk production from 1 to 2 liter/head/day, and higher price of processed milk. Investment on 59 does and 7 bucks for five years through the goat milk diversification has increased profit by 33.53%. Diversification of processing goat milk product is necessary to increase productivity and value added of fresh milk
Utilization of Phytase to Overcome Phytic Acid in Broiler Diet
Full text linkPhytic acid has been considered as an antinutrient in broiler diet due to its strong chelator of divalent minerals. Phytic acid has ability for binding positively charged proteins, amino acids, and/or multivalent cations or minerals. The resulting complexes are insoluble, difficult to be hydrolyzed during digestion in poultry, and thus, nutritionally less available for absorption. The reduction of phytate activity can be carried out by phytase supplementation. The application of phytase with respect to animal feed supplement is reviewed in this paper. Application of phytase in broiler diet may liberate cations and other nutrients bound by phytate-P complexes resulting in improved production parameters in broilers. This is because phytase supplement increased nutrient (protein, minerals, amino acid, energy, and carbohydrate) digestibilities and availabilities. Overall, phytase could increase nutrient utilization in broiler, hence, increase the economic efficiency of broiler production and reduce the phosphor pollution to the environment.
Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as an Alternative Protein Source for Animal Feed
Full text linkIncreasing demand of protein source for animal feed, particularly fish meal and soybean meal has led to a problem in the future. It is a need to look for an alternative protein source, in order to meet amino acid requirements maintaining livestock production level. Insects possesing high quality, efficient dan rich protein content at all life stages such as Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) could be used as one of the alternatives. The flies grow and reproduce easily, have high feed efficiency and can be reared on bio-waste streams. These are neither pests nor vectors of diseases. Insect meal generally possesses levels of chemical contaminants which are below recommended maximum concentrations. The larvae have antibacterial (Escherichia coli O15:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis) and antiviral (enterovirus and adenovirus ) properties. Larvae of BSF could be scaled up easily and possess 40-50% protein content, including some essential amino acids that can be used to replace both fish meal and soybean meal in feed
Physiological Response of Brachiaria sp on Acid Soil
Full text linkThe utilization of marginal land, especially the acid soil, for cultivation of forages is promising. Forage as a source of feed for ruminants, can also be used to improve soil fertility. Brachiaria sp is found widely grow in marginal areas, especially on acid soil showing its high adaptability. The diverse of genotypes have become interesting because the mechanism of its adaption can be studied by observing the physiological response of Brachiaria on acid soil. Brachiaria decumbens has high tolerant, while Brachiaria ruziziensis is sensitive to acid soil. Variance of physiological and morphological responses to acid soil are the foundation for determining the traits of selection in breeding activities of Brachiaria sp. This paper aims to provide the knowledge of physiological response of Brachiaria sp and this information is useful for selection of Brachiaria sp tolerant on acid soil
Development and Conservation of Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells for Preservation of Local Chicken in Indonesia
Full text linkOne of the ex situ conservation techniques for poultry that recently developed was to collect primordial germ cell (PGC) or gonadal primordial germ cell (gPGC) that isolated from embryo development. Primordial germ cells (PGC) are embryonic cells that migrate to the gonads and form the precursors of gametes. The unique nature and accessibility of PGC during the early development provides an opportunity to manipulate the poultry germplasm, for example by forming germline chimeras. There are some stages that must be done through isolation and collection of PGC from its resources i.e. blastoderm, embryonic circulation blood and gonad. PGC collection originating from the gonads is one of existing PGC resources and technologies. gonadal PGC have advantages compared with other sources, namely (1) A large number of gonadal PGC can be taken from an embryo; and (2) A collection of gonadal PGC can be used in developing management systems of local avian germplasm conservation. This review is intended to describe the usefulness of isolation and collection technology of gonadal PGC as the local poultry germplasm conservation in Indonesia