Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences
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Plutonium and Minor Actinides Recycling in Standard BWR using Equilibrium Burnup Model
Get PDFPlutonium (Pu) and minor actinides (MA) recycling in standard BWR with equilibrium burnup model has been studied. We considered the equilibrium burnup model as a simple time independent burnup method, which can manage all possible produced nuclides in any nuclear system. The equilibrium burnup code was bundled with a SRAC cell-calculation code to become a coupled cell-burnup calculation code system. The results show that the uranium enrichment for the criticality of the reactor, the amount of loaded fuel and the required natural uranium supply per year decrease for the Pu recycling and even much lower for the Pu & MA recycling case compared to those of the standard once-through BWR case. The neutron spectra become harder with the increasing number of recycled heavy nuclides in the reactor core. The total fissile rises from 4.77% of the total nuclides number density in the reactor core for the standard once-through BWR case to 6.64% and 6.72% for the Plutonium recycling case and the Pu & MA recycling case, respectively. The two later data may become the main basis why the required uranium enrichment declines and consequently diminishes the annual loaded fuel and the required natural uranium supply. All these facts demonstrate the advantage of plutonium and minor actinides recycling in BWR
The Chemical Compositions of Thermal Waters at Ciarinem and Cilayu, Pameungpeuk, West Java - Indonesia
Get PDFThermal waters at Ciarinem and Cilayu, Pameungpeuk, West Java, Indonesia have different characteristics: Ciarinem water is a steam heated sulfate type and occurs as hot springs, whereas Cilayu water discharges as hot pools and is a chloride water type. Their chemical compositions indicate that the thermal waters are outflows of a volcanic"“magmatic associated geothermal system. The solute geothermometers calculate that the subsurface reservoir temperatures range from 150o to 200ºC
A Mathematical Model to Investigate the Long-Term Effects of the Lymphatic Filariasis Medical Treatment in Jati Sampurna, West Java
Get PDFIn this paper we discuss a mathematical model for the transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis disease in Jati Sampurna, West Java Indonesia. The model assumes that acute infected humans are infectious and treatment is given to a certain number of acute infected humans found from screening process. The treated acute individuals are assumed to be remain susceptible to the disease. The model is analyzed and it is found a condition for the existence and stability of the endemic equilibrium. A well known rule of thumb in epidemiological model, that is, the endemic equilibrium exists and stable if the basic reproduction number is greater than one, is shown. Moreover, it is also shown that if the level of screening n is sufficiently large, current medical treatment strategy will be able to reduce the long-term level of incidences. However, in practice it is not realistic and cannot eliminate the disease, in terms of reducing the basic reproduction number. The reproduction number can be reduced by giving additional treatments, such as reducing the biting rate and mosquito's density. This suggests that there should be a combination of treatment to eliminate the disease
Wave Propagation over a Submerged Bar
Get PDFBased on small amplitude water theory we determine an exact solution for the amplitude of the reflected and transmitted waves produced when a monochromatic wave hits a submerged bar, a result of importance in coastal engineering. We compare the results obtained with results previously obtained in the long wave length limit and other numerical results. Using the results obtained we determine the optimal width or the bar of prescribed depth
GIS Based Landslide Hazard Mapping Prediction in Ulu Klang, Malaysia
Get PDFSince 1993, a number of landslides have been reported in Ulu Klang, Malaysia. These landslides caused fatalities and economic losses. Most of these landslides occurred in man-made slopes. Geographical Information System (GIS) is proposed to be used as the based machine for the production of landslide hazard map. This study highlights the area based landslide hazard assessment at Ulu Klang area using GIS application in order to help the engineer or the town planner to identify the most suitable development area besides predicting the potential landslide hazard area. Four main factors that influence of landslide occurrence were chosen include slope gradient aspect, geology, surface cover/land used and precipitation distribution. Landslide hazardous areas were analyzed and mapped using GIS application and produced a hazard map with five different indexes (i.e., very low, low, medium, high and very high hazard). The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data. The result showed that the model was very suitable in predicting landslide hazard and generating landslide hazard maps
Production of Ethanol from Cocoa Pod Hydrolysate
Get PDFCocoa pod (Theobroma cacao L.) hydrolysate was hydrolyzed into glucose using hydrochloric, sulphuric and nitric acids, respectively. The concentration of each acid was set at 0.25 M, 0.50 M, 0.75 M, 1.00 M and 1.25 M. They were treated under two different temperatures and time at 75¢ªC and 90¢ªC for 2 h and 4 h, respectively. The results showed that hydrolysis in 1.00 M of hydrochloric acid at 75¢ªC for 4 h had produced the highest glucose content of 30.7% w/v compared to all others acids treated under similar conditions. The pod¡¯s hydolysate was then fermented in batch culture using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 48 h at 30¢ªC. A maximum ethanol production of 17.3%v/v was achieved after 26 h of fermentation time
Solution of a Linear Pursuit-Evasion Differential Game with Closed and Convex Terminal Set
Get PDFA linear two-person zero-sum pursuit-evasion differential game is considered. Control functions of players are subject to integral constraints. Terminal set is a closed convex subset of The Pursuer tries to bring the state of the system to the terminal set and the Evader prevents bringing of the state to the terminal set where control resource of the Pursuer is greater than that of Evader. We obtain a formula for the optimal pursuit time and construct optimal strategies of the players in explicit form
Seismic Velocity Structures beneath the Guntur Volcano Complex, West Java, Derived from Simultaneous Tomographic Inversion and Hypocenter Relocation
Get PDFWe conducted travel time tomographic inversion to image seismic velocity structures (Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs ratio) with simultaneous hypocenter adjustment beneath the Guntur volcano complex that is located in the Garut district, West Java province, Indonesia. The Guntur volcano is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia, although large eruptions have not occurred for about 160 years. We used volcanic and tectonic earthquakes catalog data from seismic stations deployed by Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM). For the tomographic inversion procedure, we set grid nodes with a horizontal spacing of 2 x 2 km2 and an average vertical spacing of 2 km. Our results show low Vp, low Vs, and high Vp/Vs ratio regions beneath the Guntur crater and the Gandapura caldera at depths of 6-8 km and 7-9 km, respectively. These features can be associated with amelt-filled pore rock structure. However, a low Vp/Vs ratio and low velocities are exhibited beneath the Kamojang caldera at depths of 2-6 km that may be associated with rock with H2O-filled pores with a high aspect ratio
Pemodelan Hubungan Hujan dan Aliran Permukaan pada Suatu DAS dengan Metoda Beda Hingga
Get PDFHujan menimbulkan aliran di daratan, baik aliran permukaan maupun aliran di dalam tanah. Pada jurnal ini, akan dibahas mengenai perangkat lunak yang dapat digunakan untuk memodelkan aliran di permukaan. Perangkat lunak ini dikembangkan berdasarkan persamaan Saint Venant, dengan menggunakan skema pengepingan MacCormack 2D. Perhitungan limpasan permukaan terhadap waktu dilakukan untuk 5 profil permukaan tanah yang berbeda, profil datar, segitiga, parabolik, dan 2 profil alam. Pada profil yang berbentuk datar, dilakukan perbandingan solusi antara analitik dan numerik yang menunjukkan bahwa keduanya tidak jauh berbeda
Bioremediation of Phenanthrene, Chrysene, and Benzo[a]pyrene by Fungi Screened from Nature
Get PDFLaccase of Polyporus sp. S133 was able to oxidize most of the 3 different rings amount polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tested. Phenanthrene was removed by 89% followed by chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene which were oxidized by 66 and 55%, respectively. Addition of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) to the reaction mixture increased oxidation of PAHs, especially phenanthrene was almost completely removed from the reaction mixture. Oxidation of chrysene and benzo[a]anthracene increased 12 and 10% with the mediator to 78 and 65% in the presence of HBT. PAH-quinones as oxidation products were formed from all PAH to different extents. A part of PAH was polymerized in the laccase/mediator system to products of weight-average molecular weight (MW). The correlation of the ionization potentials of PAH with the oxidation of these compounds is limited to the alternating PAH