Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences
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Auslander Reiten Quiver of Nakayama Algebra type Dynkin Graph An
Get PDFIn this paper we will determine Auslander Reiten quiver of Nakayama algebra with quiver type Dynkin graph An for all natural number n ≥ 2. The AR-quiver is a visualization of module category of finite dimensional algebras. From the AR-quiver of an algebra A we may know all the isomorphism classes of indecomposable modules in mod A and the homomorphism between them. Once we get the general shape of the AR-quiver of this algebra, we will use it to compute a tilting module of this algebra
Optimization of Fermented Tofu with High Isoflavone Content through Variation of Inoculum Percentages and Ratios of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Get PDFTofu is a traditional food that can be found in several countries, such as Indonesia and Japan. Tofu is often made using the backslopping method, which brings the risk of pathogenic microorganism contamination and can lead to failure in production. Standardization of the production process is necessary in order to yield highly nutritious tofu that is safe to be consumed. In this research, standardization was investigated by variation of the inoculum percentages and ratios of Lactobacillus plantarum (a), Lactobacillus acidophilus (b), and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (c). The inoculum percentages used in this research were 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%, while the inoculum ratios between a, b, and c were (a:b:c) 2:1:1; 1:2:1; 1:1:2; and 1:1:1. The optimum inoculum ages for a, b, and c were 8, 6, and 2 hours respectively. The highest growth rates of a, b, and c were 0.060h-1, 0.054h-1, and 0.092h-1 respectively. The highest lactic acid production rates of a, b, and c were 0.072%h-1, 0.063%h-1, and 0.126%h-1 respectively. The inoculum percentage and ratio that produced the highest isoflavones content was 12.5%(2:1:1), with the highest bacterial population growth rate being 0.019h-1, the highest formation rate of lactic acid being 0.045%h-1, and the isoflavone aglycones level being 0.445 mg/mL
Synthesis of FeâLiâCr Multinuclear Complexes as Molecular Magnet Materials
Get PDFMultinuclear complexes have received considerable interest as molecular magnet materials. Up to now, several complex compounds based on bidentate ligand 2,2' bipyridine have been synthesized. In this research, the Fe-Li-Cr multinuclear complexes with derivative 2'2- bipyridine ligands: 2-(2'-pyridyl)quinoline(pq), 2,2'-Pyridil(pdl) have been synthesized. The oxalate (ox) ligand has also been used as a bridging ligand in these multinuclear complexes. The chemical formula of Li[FeCr(ox)2(pq)(BF4)2(H2O)2] and [Fe(pdl)n][LiCr(ox)3] complexes have been verified using metal and C, H, N elemental analysis data. The IR spectra in 350 "“ 4000 cm-1 range exhibit characteristic absorptions, which support the proposed structure of complex. The plausible structure of the compounds has been drawn based on complex formation mechanism. The magnetic susceptibility at room temperature of the pq-complex is about 5.7 BM and of the pdl- complexes are 4.8 and 5.5 BM. These indicated that both spin states of iron(II) exist in the multinuclear complexes
Effects of Glucose on the Reactive Black 5 (RB5) Decolorization by Two White Rot Basidiomycetes
Get PDFThe capacities of glucose in the decolorization process of an azo dye, Reactive Black 5 (RB5), by two white rot basidiomycetes, Pleurotus sp. F019 and Trametes sp. F054 were investigated. The results indicated that the dye degradation by the two fungi was extremely correlated with the presence of glucose in the culture and the process of fungi growth. Decolorization of 200 mg dye/l was increased from 62% and 69% to 100% within 20"“25 h with the increase of glucose from 5 to 15 g/l, and the activity of manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP) increased by 2"“9 fold in this case. Hydrogen peroxide of 0.55 mg/l and 0.43 mg/l were detected in 10 h in Pleurotus sp. F019 and Trametes sp. F054 cultures
Surfaces with Prescribed Nodes and Minimum Energy Integral of Fractional Order
Get PDFThis paper presents a method of finding a continuous, real-valued, function of two variables z = u(x, y) defined on the square S := [0,1]2 , which minimizes an energy integral of fractional order, subject to the condition u(0, y) = u(1, y) = u(x,0) = u(x,1) = 0 and u(xi ,yj)=cð‘–ð‘— , where 0<x1<...<xM,<1, 0<y1<...<yN<1, and cð‘–𑗠∈ â„ are given. The function is expressed as a double Fourier sine series, and an iterative procedure to obtain the function will be presented
Hydrothermal Preparation of Apatite-Type Phases La9.33Si6O26 and La9M1Si6O26.5 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)
Get PDFApatite-type lanthanum silicates show a great potential to be used as an electrolyte for intermediate- to low-temperature (600-700 ï‚°C) solid oxide fuel cells (ITSOFC). However, so far these materials need to be prepared using a very high-temperature method, thus there is a growing interest to prepare apatites at lower temperatures. This paper reports the synthesis of undoped La9.33Si6O26 and doped apatites (La9CaSi6O26,5, La9SrSi6O26,5, and La9BaSi6O26,5) from raw materials La2O3, Na2SiO4, BaCO3, CaCO3, and SrCO3 using a hydrothermal method. The polycrystalline apatites were obtained as a white powder, after the basic solution of the reagent mixture was heated at 240 ï‚°C in an autoclave for 3 days. Le Bail refinement of the X-ray powder diffraction data showed that the compounds have a hexagonal cell (P 63/m space group). In this paper, the undoped La9.33Si6O26 and La-doped apatite ionic conductivities are also presented
Arsenic and Mercury Concentrations at Several Geothermal Systems in West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFA study at several geothermal systems in West Java, Indonesia shows that thermal waters could naturally contain up to 2.6 ppm As and 6.5 ppb Hg, and the surface hydrothermal alteration could contribute up to 50 ppm As and 800 ppb Hg. The higher the chloride content, the higher the contents of As and Hg of thermal waters. The amounts of As and Hg in an active geothermal system are influenced by the type of host rock, boiling and mixing processes, and adsorption of vapor and volcanic gases into thermal waters
P-, I-, g-, and D-Angles in Normed Spaces
Get PDFThe notion of angles is known in a vector space equipped with an inner product, but not well established in a vector space equipped only with a norm. In this note, we shall develop some notions of angles between two vectors in a normed space and discuss their properties
Tropical Mangrove Mapping Using Fully-Polarimetric Radar Data
Get PDFAlthough mangrove is one of important ecosystems in the world, it has been abused and exploited by human for various purposes. Monitoring mangrove is therefore required to maintain a balance between economy and conservation and provides up-to-date information for rehabilitation. Optical remote sensing data have delivered such information, however ever-changing atmospheric disturbance may significantly decrease thematic content. In this research, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) fully polarimetric data were evaluated to present an alternative for mangrove mapping. Assessment using three statistical trees was performed on both tonal and textural data. It was noticeable that textural data delivered fairly good improvement which reduced the error rate to around 5-6% at L-band. This suggests that insertion of textural data is more important than any information derived from decomposition algorithm
Observed Intraseasonal Oceanic Variations in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean and in the Outflow Straits of the Indonesian Throughflow
Get PDFThe observed currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and in the outflow straits of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) are shown to have significant intraseasonal variations and coherency during January 2004 "“ November 2006. The wavelet analysis between the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and the ITF straits demonstrates significant intraseasonal coherency for the observed current at 50m depth. At 150m depth, the intraseasonal coherency only occurs between the observed currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and in the Lombok and Ombai Straits. On the other hand, at 350m depth the intraseasonal coherency is only found between the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and the Ombai Strait. This intraseasonal coherency is associated with the wind-forced equatorial Kelvin waves which propagate eastward along the equatorial and coastal wave guides. Near-surface intraseasonal variations are associated with the first baroclinic mode with typical phase speed of 2.91 ± 0.46 m s-1, while the deeper layer intraseasonal variations are associated with the second baroclinic mode with typical phase speed of 1.59 ± 0.18 m s-1. Moreover, the lag correlations between the zonal winds and the observed currents at the ITF straits further demonstrate the source of intraseasonal variations in the ITF