Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences
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Laporan Sementara Mengenai Geologi Daerah Ombilin Pesisir Utara Danau Singkarak
No full textDETAILED GEOLOGICAL MAPPING WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE OMBILIN AREA, North of Lake Singkarak in order to study more closely the Late Palaeozoic_Early Mesozoic volcanic sedimentary deposits known as the Silungkang formation, the Triassic and the so-called Pre-Permian granite of Guguk Bulat. Some fusulinas of the Silungkang formation were determined and considered to be as Permian age*.The Silungkang formation is correlated with similar sedimentary volcanic series of Gk. Gie Sie Top Top and the Lake Air Tawar of North Sumatra. Field investigations have revealed that a part of the limestone in the upper stream of the river Lurah Tambang does not belong to the Triassic, but to the Silungkang formation. Furthermore it became evident that the Pre-Premian granite does not exist, on the contrary we have to consider the arkosic rock of Guguk Bulat as a part of the Tertiary quartzstandstone formation, resulting from weathering of a younger granite, possibly Cretaceousin age. The quartzdiorite which occurs as small bodies between the granite and the Pre-Tertiary volcanic products, is considered as altered andesitic rocks of the Silungkang volcanic series, caused by the formation of granites.*) The determination was done by MARKS, former lecturer in palaeontology, of the faculty of Science, University of Indonesia, Bandung
Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts and Isolated Compounds of Some Potential Sumatran Medicinal Plants against MCF-7 and HSC-3 Cell Lines
Get PDFIn continuation of our study of Sumatran plants and the bioactivity of their constituents, Stereocaulon halei Lamb (Stereocaulaceae) was extracted and isolated to obtain atranorin (1), lobaric acid (6), and methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate (9). We also prepared methanolic extracts of some Sumatran medicinal plants, i.e. Alpinia denticulata, Alpinia malaccensis, Alpinia submutica, Curcuma zedoaria, Centella asiatia, Mangifera indica, Piper crocatum, Mussaenda frondosa, together with previously isolated compounds, i.e. crocatin A (2) and crocatin B (3) from P. crocatum, curcumin (4) from Curcuma longa, demethoxymatteucinol (5) from Sphaerostephanos polycarpus, mangiferin (7) from M. indica, methyl caffeate (8) from Balanophora elongata, tiliroside (10) from Guazuma ulmifolia, and usnic acid from Usnea sp (11). These extracts and compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HSC-3 cell lines by MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). It was found that the IC50 value of atranorin (1), lobaric acid (6), methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate (9), and methanolic extract of A. submutica towards the MCF-7 cell line was 208.20 µM, 172.05 µM, 382.60 µM and 70.95 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 value of lobaric acid (6) and methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate (9) against the HSC-3 cell line was 88.92 µM and 260.09 µM, respectively. The other extracts did not show significant cytotoxicity
Effects of Root Extract of Ruellia tuberosa L. on Kidneys of Diabetic Rats
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to study the antidiabetic activity of root extract of Ruellia tuberosa L. on rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. The parameters investigated were blood glucose levels, protease activities, and the histopathologic profiles of the kidneys. Three groups of rats, i.e. control, diabetic, and treatment, were used. R. tuberosa L. extracts were given orally for treatment at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight per day for 21 consecutive days. The induced diabetes group treated with root extract of R. tuberosa L. (group III) had 60.3% lower glucose levels (119 mg/dL) compared to the group with induced diabetes only. Moreover, antidiabetic activity of R. tuberosa L extract was evidenced by the 55% lower protease activity in the treatment group compared to the untreated diabetic group. Finally, a positive effect from root extract of R. tuberosa L. was shown from the less damaged renal glomerulus and smaller gap between extracellular matrices and epithelium cells in the histopathologic profiles of the kidneys in the extract treatment group. These results show the potential of root extract of R. tuberosa L. as a natural product anti-diabetic agent
Effects of Conditioned Medium of Co-Culture IL-2 Induced NK Cells and Human Whartonâs Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJMSCs) on Apoptotic Gene Expression in a Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7)
Get PDFBreast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent type of cancer among women and one of the major causes of cancer mortality in women. Metastasis in breast cancer (BC) occurs due to immunosurveillance deficiency, including impairment of natural killer (NK) cell maturation. Conditioned medium (CM) from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSC-CM) is known to possess anticancer activity. The CM of co-culture of human recombinant IL-2 treated NK cells and hWJMSCs is expected to boost anticancer activity toward BC cells which can be analyzed from the effect of CM towards secretion of effector molecules and expression of BC cell apoptosis-related genes, and cytotoxic granules in human recombinant IL-2 treated NK (IL-2 NK) and hWJMSCs (IL-2 hWJMSCs). TNF-α, IFN-γ, perforin, granzyme were measured by ELISA, while the inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by MTS assay and BC cell apoptosis by flow cytometry and apoptotic gene expression by RTPCR. CM from co-cultured hWJMSCs and IL-2 NK cells inhibited NK and BC cell proliferation, increased expression of Bax and p53 and decreased the number of Bcl-2 in BC cells. In conclusion, CM of co-culture IL-2 treated NK cells and hWJMSCs induce apoptosis in BC cells as indicated by increased Bax and p53 expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression.
The Uniqueness of Almost Moore Digraphs with Degree 4 And Diameter 2
Get PDFAbstract. It is well known that Moore digraphs of degree d > 1 and diameter k > 1 do not exist. For degrees 2 and 3, it has been shown that for diameter k ≥ 3 there are no almost Moore digraphs, i.e. the diregular digraphs of order one less than the Moore bound. Digraphs with order close to the Moore bound arise in the construction of optimal networks. For diameter 2, it is known that almost Moore digraphs exist for any degree because the line digraphs of complete digraphs are examples of such digraphs. However, it is not known whether these are the only almost Moore digraphs. It is shown that for degree 3, there are no almost Moore digraphs of diameter 2 other than the line digraph of K4. In this paper, we shall consider the almost Moore digraphs of diameter 2 and degree 4. We prove that there is exactly one such digraph, namely the line digraph of K5. Ketunggalan Graf Berarah Hampir Moore dengan Derajat 4 dan Diameter 2Sari. Telah lama diketahui bahwa tidak ada graf berarah Moore dengan derajat d>1 dan diameter k>1. Lebih lanjut, untuk derajat 2 dan 3, telah ditunjukkan bahwa untuk diameter t>3, tidak ada graf berarah Hampir Moore, yakni graf berarah teratur dengan orde satu lebih kecil dari batas Moore. Graf berarah dengan orde mendekati batas Moore digunakan dalam pcngkonstruksian jaringan optimal. Untuk diameter 2, diketahui bahwa graf berarah Hampir Moore ada untuk setiap derajat karena graf berarah garis (line digraph) dari graf komplit adalah salah satu contoh dari graf berarah tersebut. Akan tetapi, belum dapat dibuktikan apakah graf berarah tersebut merupakan satu-satunya contoh dari graf berarah Hampir Moore tadi. Selanjutnya telah ditunjukkan bahwa untuk derajat 3, tidak ada graf berarah Hampir Moore diameter 2 selain graf berarah garis dari K4. Pada makalah ini, kita mengkaji graf berarah Hampir Moore diameter 2 dan derajat 4. Kita buktikan bahwa ada tepat satu graf berarah tersebut, yaitu graf berarah garis dari K5
Efek Perlakuan Rubratoksin B pada Tahap Praimplantasi terhadap Perkembangan Embrio Praimplantasi dan Fetus Mencit (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster
No full textSari. Rubratoksin B adalah metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh Penicillium rubrum dan Penicillium purpurogenum, yaitu kapang yang acapkali terdapat sebagai pencemar serealia, terutama pada bahan makanan dan pakan ternak. Rubratoksin B dosis tunggal 0,8 dan 0,9 mg/kg berat badan diberikan secara intraperitoneal pada mencit Swiss Webster umur kebuntingan 0 hari atau 2 hari (tahap praimplantasi). Mencit kontrol hanya diberi propilen glikol sebagai pelarut rubratoksin B. Efek perlakuan terhadap perkembangan embrio praimplantasi diamati pada umur kebuntingan 3,5 hari, sedangkan terhadap fetus pada umur kebuntingan 18 hari. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan embrio praimplantasi terhambat, ditandai oleh berkurangnya jumlah blastosista akhir dan jumlah sel penyusunnya, rerta masih adanya tahap perkembangan awal. Pada tahap pascaimplantasi tampak bahwa jumlah implantasi dan jumlah fetus hidup menurun, kematian intrauterus meningkat, dan muncul kelainan berupa langit-langit bercelah pada fetus. Secara umum, hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh berbeda nyata dari kontrol dan sejalan dengan besarnya dosis rubratoksin B yang diberikan. Pada perlakuan umur kebuntingan 0 hari, embrio lebih banyak terhambat pada tahap 1-8 sel dan morula tidak mampat, sedangkan pada perlakuan umur kebuntingan 2 hari terjadi pergeseran hambatan ke tahap yang lebih tua, terutama pada morula mampat. Terbukti bahwa perlakuan rubratoksin B pada tahap praimplantasi menghambat perkembangan embrio praimplantasi yang mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah implantasi dan jumlah fetus hidup, serla mampu memunculkan kelainan perkembangan pada fetus. Effects of Preimplantation Treatments of Rubratoxin B on the Development of Preimplantation Embryos and Fetuses of Swiss Webster Mouse (Mus Musculus)Abstract. Rubratoxin B is a secondary metabolite of Penicillium rubrum and Penicillium purpurogenum, which moulds are often contaminating cereals, particularly food and feed. Single dosages of rubratoxin B 0.8 and 0.9 mg/kg body weight were administered intraperitoneally to Swiss Webster mice on day 0 or day 2 of gestation (preimplantation stage). Control mice were given propylene glycol only as rubratoxin B solvent. The effects of those treatments on preimplantation embryos were observed on gestation day 3.5, whereas those on fetuses were observed on day 18 of gestation. The results revealed that the development of preimplantation embryos was inhibited, shown by the decreased number of late blastocysts and the presence of earlier developmental stages. In the postimplantation stage these occurred: reduction in the number of implantation sites and live fetuses, increased intrauterine death, and cleft palate in the fetuses. In general, the results of the parameters obtained differed significantly compared to the controls and were dose related. In the treatment on gestation day 0, most of the preimplantation developmental delays occurred at earlier stages, i.e. 1-8 cells stage and uncompacted morulae, whereas in the groups treated on gestation day 2 inhibition shifted to older stages, predominantly at compacted morulae. It is concluded that preimplantation treartments of rubratoxin B inhibit the preimplantation development of the embryos, and consequently decrease the number of implantation sites, as well as the number of live fetuses, and is able to induce fetal malformation.
Modelling of the Heated Water Spreading in Muara Karang Coastal Waters, Jakarta Bay
No full textAbstract. Modelling of the heated water spreading in Jakarta Bay had been performed as a part of the study on cooling water circulation of Muara Karang Power Plant, North Jakarta. The results of the simulation described in this paper illustrated for cast season (August 1994), transitional season (November 1995), and west season (Januari 1996). The spreading of thermal water in Muara Karang coastal waters near the outlet canal of the power plant for each season and all tidal and wind conditions is dominantly influenced by discharge of cooling water that has maximum value of 35.1 m3/sec. In the far field area the spreading is directed by monsoon (wind-induced) currents and slightly influenced by tidal currents. Thermal water which spreads out from the outlet canal into coastal waters has a minimum area of about 58.60 hectares in transitional season at highest water level, and a maximum area of about 156 hectares in transitional season when water level goes to cbb. In general, the simulation results in the cast season are comparable to the observed data, while in the transitional season of cast-west season of cast-west season the and in the west season the model is still being verified. Pemodelan Penyebaran Air Hangat dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap di Peraian Muara Karang, Teluk JakartaSari. Pemodelan sebaran panas di Teluk Jakarta merupakan salah satu bagian dari studi resirkulasi air pendingin PLTU Muara Karang, Jakarta Utara. Hasil simulasi pada makalah ini menggambarkan kondisi pada musim timur (Agustus 1994), musim peralihan (November 1995), dan musim barat (Januari 1996). Sebaran termal di perairan Muara Karang dekat saluran outlet PLTU untuk masing-masing musim dan semua kondisi pasang surut dan angina sangat dominan dipengaruhi oleh debit PLTU yang maksimum 35,1 m3/detik. Di daerah jauh, arah sebaran termal bergantung pada arus musim (pengaruh angin) dan sebagian dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut. Temperatur air panas yang keluar dari saluran outlet menyebar ke perairan dengan luas minimum 58,60 hektar pada musim peralihan pada saat air pasang maksimum, dan luas maksimum sekitar 156 hektar pada musim peralihan saat air menuju surut. Secara umum hasil simulasi pada musim timur yang dibandingkan dengan data lapangan hamper sesuai, sedangkan pada musim peralihan dari musim timur ke musim barat dan pada musim barat masih akan diverifikasi lebih lanjut.
Zero Gravity of Free-Surface Flow Over A Weir
Get PDFAbstract. The exact solution of free-surface flow over a weir in a channel of finite depth is presented for a thin weir with various weir heights. This exact solution can be obtained by neglecting the effect of gravity. This is an extreme case which can be used to answer a question: why do we have to incline the wall to obtain solutions with a curving back jet but the flow leaves the wall smoothly. Gravitasi Nol dari Aliran Permukaan Bebas yang Melewati BendungSari. Solusi eksak dari aliran permukaan bebas yang melompati bendung pada suatu saluran dengan kedalaman-hingga disampaikan dalam tulisan ini, yaitu untuk bendung tipis dengan ketinggian bervariasi. Solusi ini dapat diperoleh dengan mengabaikan pengaruh gravitasi. Hal ini merupakan kasus ekstrem yang dapat digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan: mengapa kita harus memiringkan dinding bendung untuk mendapatkan solusi dengan jet yang membalik tetapi alirannya ditinggalkan dinding dengan mulus